RESUMO
Current research suggests that for certain types of gastrointestinal endoscopes, longer shelf life (the interval of storage after which endoscopes should be reprocessed before their reuse) may not increase the likelihood of endoscope contamination. Scope contamination may, in fact, be related primarily to either inadequate disinfection processes or inadvertent contamination during storage, not to duration of storage. The purpose of this study evaluated the presence of bacteria and fungus following liquid chemical sterilization in colonoscopes and gastroscopes, after 12 weeks of shelf life during which time personal protective equipment was used during endoscope storage cabinet access. We stored four colonoscopes and two gastroscopes in a cabinet for 12 weeks after liquid chemical sterilization and the cabinet was only accessed during the 12-week period wearing personal protective equipment (gown and gloves). Scopes were tested for bacteria and fungus at the end of 12 weeks. No bacteria or fungus grew on any of the scopes. This study provides further support that contaminated endoscopes may be related to either inadequate disinfection or contamination during storage, not shelf life.
Assuntos
Colonoscópios/microbiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Contaminação de Equipamentos/prevenção & controle , Segurança de Equipamentos , Gastroscópios/microbiologia , Desinfecção/métodos , Endoscópios Gastrointestinais/microbiologia , Reutilização de Equipamento , Hospitais Comunitários , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Esterilização/métodos , Fatores de Tempo , Estados UnidosRESUMO
An epidemiological approach to foster care is presented, in which two separate data sets are used to analyze issues of ethnicity and child placement. A national probability sample and a large-city sample are drawn from the 1980 Office of Civil Rights ethnic survey and from the 1980 U.S. Census in order to test several hypotheses on ethnic differences predictive of time in care.
Assuntos
Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/terapia , Etnicidade , Cuidados no Lar de Adoção/tendências , Criança , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/epidemiologia , Etnicidade/psicologia , Humanos , Tempo de Internação/tendências , Pobreza , Estados Unidos , População UrbanaRESUMO
This paper reports research representing part of a systematic effort to operationalize ethnic issues in service delivery. An attitude scale was developed and applied to a national sample of child welfare workers and to minority workers in innovative ethnic settings. Significant differences were found related to sample, age, ethnicity, and agency type.
