Hot Carrier Nanowire Transistors at the Ballistic Limit.

We demonstrate experimentally nonequilibrium transport in unipolar quasi-1D hot electron devices reaching the ballistic limit at room temperature. The devices are realized with heterostructure engineering in nanowires to obtain dopant- and dislocation-free 1D-epitaxy and flexible bandgap engineering. We show experimentally the control of hot electron injection with a graded conduction band profile and the subsequent filtering of hot and relaxed electrons with rectangular energy barriers. The number of electrons passing the barrier depends exponentially on the transport length with a mean-free path of 200-260 nm, and the electrons reach the ballistic transport regime for the shortest devices with 70% of the electrons flying freely through the base electrode and the barrier reflections limiting the transport to the collector.

Dominant nonlocal superconducting proximity effect due to electron-electron interaction in a ballistic double nanowire.

Cooper pair splitting (CPS) can induce nonlocal correlation between two normal conductors that are coupled to a superconductor. CPS in a double one-dimensional electron gas is an appropriate platform for extracting a large number of entangled electron pairs and is one of the key ingredients for engineering Majorana fermions with no magnetic field. In this study, we investigated CPS by using a Josephson junction of a gate-tunable ballistic InAs double nanowire. The measured switching current into the two nanowires is significantly larger than the sum of the switching current into the respective nanowires, indicating that interwire superconductivity is dominant compared with intrawire superconductivity. From its dependence on the number of propagating channels in the nanowires, the observed CPS is assigned to one-dimensional electron-electron interaction. Our results will pave the way for the utilization of one-dimensional electron-electron interaction to reveal the physics of high-efficiency CPS and to engineer Majorana fermions in double nanowire systems via CPS.

Controlled Surface Silanization for Actin-Myosin Based Nanodevices and Biocompatibility of New Polymer Resists.

Molecular motor-based nanodevices require organized cytoskeletal filament guiding along motility-promoting tracks, confined by motility-inhibiting walls. One way to enhance motility quality on the tracks, particularly in terms of filament velocity but also the fraction of motile filaments, is to optimize the surface hydrophobicity. We have investigated the potential to achieve this for the actin-myosin II motor system on trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS)-derivatized SiO2 surfaces to be used as channel floors in nanodevices. We have also investigated the ability to supress motility on two new polymer resists, TU7 (for nanoimprint lithography) and CSAR 62 (for electron beam and deep UV lithography), to be used as channel walls. We developed a chemical-vapor deposition tool for silanizing SiO2 surfaces in a controlled environment to achieve different surface hydrophobicities (measured by water contact angle). In contrast to previous work, we were able to fabricate a wide range of contact angles by varying the silanization time and chamber pressure using only one type of silane. This resulted in a significant improvement of the silanization procedure, producing a predictable contact angle on the surface and thereby predictable quality of the heavy meromyosin (HMM)-driven actin motility with regard to velocity. We observed a high degree of correlation between the filament sliding velocity and contact angle in the range 10-86°, expanding the previously studied range. We found that the sliding velocity on TU7 surfaces was superior to that on CSAR 62 surfaces despite similar contact angles. In addition, we were able to suppress the motility on both TU7 and CSAR 62 by plasma oxygen treatment before silanization. These results are discussed in relation to previously proposed surface adsorption mechanisms of HMM and their relationship to the water contact angle. Additionally, the results are considered for the development of actin-myosin based nanodevices with superior performance with respect to actin-myosin functionality.

Transients in the formation of nanowire heterostructures.

We present results on the effect of seed particle reconfiguration on the growth of short InAs and InP nanowire segments. The reconfiguration originates in two different steady state alloy compositions of the Au/In seed particle during growth of InAs and InP. From compositional analysis of the seed particle, the In content in the seed particle is determined to be 34 and 44% during InAs and InP growth, respectively. When switching between growing InAs and InP, transient effects dominate during the time period of seed particle reconfiguration. We developed a model that quantitatively explains the effect and with the added understanding we are now able to grow short period (<10 nm) nanowire superlattices.