RESUMO
Cyclophilins are a family of peptidyl-prolyl isomerases that are implicated in a wide range of diseases including hepatitis C. Our aim was to discover through total synthesis an orally bioavailable, non-immunosuppressive cyclophilin (Cyp) inhibitor with potent anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) activity that could serve as part of an all oral antiviral combination therapy. An initial lead 2 derived from the sanglifehrin A macrocycle was optimized using structure based design to produce a potent and orally bioavailable inhibitor 3. The macrocycle ring size was reduced by one atom, and an internal hydrogen bond drove improved permeability and drug-like properties. 3 demonstrates potent Cyp inhibition ( Kd = 5 nM), potent anti-HCV 2a activity (EC50 = 98 nM), and high oral bioavailability in rat (100%) and dog (55%). The synthetic accessibility and properties of 3 support its potential as an anti-HCV agent and for interrogating the role of Cyp inhibition in a variety of diseases.
Assuntos
Ciclofilinas/antagonistas & inibidores , Desenho de Fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacocinética , Administração Oral , Antivirais/administração & dosagem , Antivirais/química , Antivirais/farmacocinética , Antivirais/farmacologia , Disponibilidade Biológica , Linhagem Celular , Ciclofilinas/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/administração & dosagem , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Lactonas/administração & dosagem , Lactonas/química , Lactonas/farmacocinética , Lactonas/farmacologia , Modelos Moleculares , Conformação Proteica , Compostos de Espiro/administração & dosagem , Compostos de Espiro/química , Compostos de Espiro/farmacocinética , Compostos de Espiro/farmacologiaRESUMO
The exploration of novel inhibitors of the HCV NS4B protein that are based on a 2-oxadiazoloquinoline scaffold is described. Optimization to incorporate activity across genotypes led to a potent new series with broad activity, of which inhibitor 1 displayed the following EC50 values: 1a, 0.08 nM; 1b, 0.10 nM; 2a, 3 nM; 2b, 0.6 nM, 3a, 3.7 nM; 4a, 0.9 nM; 6a, 3.1 nM.
Assuntos
Genótipo , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/antagonistas & inibidores , Hepacivirus/genética , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Espectrometria de MassasRESUMO
The discovery of GS-9451 is reported. Modification of the P3 cap and P2 quinoline with a series of solubilizing groups led to the identification of potent HCV NS3 protease inhibitors with greatly improved pharmacokinetic properties in rats, dogs and monkeys.
Assuntos
Antivirais/síntese química , Ácidos Carboxílicos/síntese química , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Quinolinas/síntese química , Inibidores de Serina Proteinase/síntese química , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Antivirais/farmacocinética , Antivirais/farmacologia , Disponibilidade Biológica , Células CACO-2 , Ácidos Carboxílicos/farmacocinética , Ácidos Carboxílicos/farmacologia , Cristalografia por Raios X , Cães , Hepacivirus/química , Hepacivirus/enzimologia , Hepatite C/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatite C/virologia , Humanos , Macaca fascicularis , Modelos Moleculares , Quinolinas/farmacocinética , Quinolinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Inibidores de Serina Proteinase/farmacocinética , Inibidores de Serina Proteinase/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/químicaRESUMO
A potent and novel class of phosphinic acid derived product-like inhibitors of the HCV NS3/4A protease was discovered previously. Modification of the phosphinic acid and quinoline heterocycle led to GS-9256 with potent cell-based activity and favorable pharmacokinetic parameters. Based on these attributes, GS-9256 was advanced to human clinical trial as a treatment for chronic infection with genotype 1 HCV.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Transporte/antagonistas & inibidores , Descoberta de Drogas , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Peptídeos Cíclicos/química , Ácidos Fosfínicos/química , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Cães , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Hepacivirus/enzimologia , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular , Estrutura Molecular , Peptídeos Cíclicos/síntese química , Peptídeos Cíclicos/farmacologia , Ácidos Fosfínicos/síntese química , Ácidos Fosfínicos/farmacologia , SuínosRESUMO
A potent and novel class of product-like inhibitors of the HCV NS3 protease was discovered by employing a phosphinic acid as a carboxylate isostere. The replicon activity and pharmacokinetic profile of this series of compounds was optimized by exploring the substitution of the phosphinic acid, as well as conformationally constraining these compounds through macrocyclization. The syntheses and preliminary biological evaluation of these phosphinic acids is described.
Assuntos
Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepacivirus/enzimologia , Ácidos Fosfínicos/síntese química , Ácidos Fosfínicos/farmacologia , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/antagonistas & inibidores , Administração Oral , Ciclização , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Estrutura Molecular , Ácidos Fosfínicos/químicaRESUMO
Oxazolidinone analogs bearing substituted piperidine or azetidine C-rings are described. Analogs with a methyl group at the 3-position of the azetidine ring or the 4-position of the piperidine ring exhibited reduced mitochondrial protein synthesis inhibition while retaining good antibacterial potency.
