Neuroprotective effects of voluntary exercise and Yisaipu after traumatic brain injury in mice / 生理学报

The mechanisms underlying exercise-induced neuroprotective effects after traumatic brain injury (TBI) remained elusive, and there is a lack of effective treatments for TBI. In this study, we investigated the effects of an integrative approach of exercise and Yisaipu (TNFR-IgG fusion protein, TNF inhibitor) in a mouse TBI model. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to a sedentary group or a group that followed a voluntary exercise regimen. The effects of 6-week prophylactic preconditioning exercise (PE) alone or in combination with post-TBI Yisaipu treatment on moderate TBI associated deficits were examined. The results showed that combined treatments of PE and post-TBI Yisaipu were superior to single treatments on reducing sensorimotor and gait dysfunctions in mice. These functional improvements were accompanied by reduced systemic inflammation largely via decreased serum TNF-α, boosted autophagic flux, and mitigated lesion volume after TBI. Given these neuroprotective effects, composite approaches such as a combination of exercise and TNF inhibitor may be a promising strategy for facilitating functional recovery from TBI and are worth further investigation.

Comparative study of effectiveness of cognitive behavioral self-help therapy and zolpidem on patients with chronic insomnia / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To test the efficacy of cognitive behavioral self-help therapy (CBTI-SH) on patients with chronic insomnia vs.a zolpidem control condition.Methods A total of 60 adults with chronic insomnia and common comorbidities were recruited from our hospital from July 2011 to October 2012.Participants were randomly assigned to either intervention group (n=30),consisting of sleep hygiene plus four-week CBTI-SH with printed material and 2 telephone instruction-calls,or control group (n=30),consisting of sleep hygiene plus a four-week supervised zolpidem tapering therapy.The CBTI-SH included cognitive restruction,stimulus control therapy,sleep restriction therapy and relaxation therapy.The primary outcome was self-report symptom,based on sleep diaries (including Sleep Latency-SL,Total Sleep Time-TST,Time In Bed-TIB,Sleep Efficiency-SE,Wake after Sleep Onset-WASO),Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleeping Scale (ESS) which were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the 2th,4th,6th week treatment.Continuous variables were evaluated by repeated-measures multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA).At the end of every two weeks,each participant was asked to assess treatment adherence to the six core recommendations of CBTI-SH or sleep hygiene.Results The multivariate analysis of variance showed a significant treatment group plus time interaction,and time main effects for PSQI,ESS,SL,SE,TST,TIB and WASO in the two groups (P＜0.05).The patients in the intervention group had significantly better outcomes than those in control group.Effect sizes (Cohen d)were 1.93,0.04,1.00,0.98,0.11,0.57 and 0.43,respectively.The intervention group reported higher average adherence scores in "use of the bed only for sleeping,not worrying in bed",and lower average scores in "adherence to TIB prescription,getting out of bed when unable to sleep",compared with those in the control group.Conclusion CBTI-SH is effective for treating chronic insomnia and daytime sleepiness as compared with supervised zolpidem tapering therapy,but the treatment adherence needs to be improved.

Curative effects of ziprasidone and aripiprazole at acute stage on patients with drug-naive schizophrenia and their effects on metabolism of these patients / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To compare the curative effects ofziprasidone and aripiprazole at acute stage on patients with drug-naive schizophrenia and their effects on metabolism of these patients.Methods Forty-six patients with drug-naive schizophrenia,admitted to our hospital from February 2010 to February 2011,were divided into ziprasidone treatment group (n=24,[165±13.51] mg/d) and aripiprazole treatment group (n=22,[28.86±3.06] mg/d); these patients were given the above treatment for 6 week.The scores of positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS),body mass index (BMI),insulin resistance index (IRI),and levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG),insulin (INS),C-Peptide (CP),total cholesterol (TC),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),triglyceride (TG),apolipoprotein-a (APOA) and apolipoprotein-b (APOB) were obtained before and at the end of treatment.Results At the end of treatment,2 patients (9.1％) were cured,7 (31.8％)achieved obvious improvement,9 (40.9％) achieved improvement,and only 4 (18.2％) did not achieve any improvement in the aripiprazole treatment group.However,at the end of treatment,no patient (0％)was cured,7 (29.2％) achieved obvious improvement,12 (50％) achieved improvement,and 5 (20.8％)did not achieve any improvement in the ziprasidone treatment group.The total scores of PANSS after the treatment in both groups decreased significantly as compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05).The BMI ([20.14±2.63] kg/m2) in the ziprasidone treatment group at the end of treatment was obviously increased as compared with that ([19.68±2.76] kg/m2) before treatment (P＜0.05).The FBG ([4.38±0.59]mmmol/L) at the end of treatment decreased significantly as compared with those before treatment ([4.79±0.59] mmmol/L),and the BMI ([19.65±2.15] kg/m2) was obviously increased as compared with that before treatment ([19.19±2.28] kg/m2) in the aripiprazole treatment group (P＜0.05).The metabolic index in the 2 groups was not significantly different at the end of the treatment (P＞0.05).Conclusion Both ziprasidone and olanzapine are effective in the treatment of patients with drug-naive schizophrenia;both of them have mild effects on weight of patients with drug-naive schizophrenia,but no obvious effects on other metabolic indices.