[Application of augmented reality and mixed reality navigation technology in laparoscopic limited right hepatectomy].

Objective: To investigate the application effect of augmented reality and mixed reality navigation technology in three-dimensional(3D) laparoscopic narrow right hepatectomy(LRH). Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 5 patients with hepatic malignancy admitted to the First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,Zhujiang Hospital,Southern Medical University from September 2020 to June 2021,all of whom were males,aged from 42 to 74 years.Preoperative evaluation was performed using the self-developed 3D abdominal medical image visualization system; if all the 5 patients were to receive right hemihepatectomy,the remnant liver volume would be insufficient,so LRH were planned.During the operation,the independently developed 3D laparoscopic augmented reality and mixed reality surgical navigation system was used to perform real-time multi-modal image fusion and interaction between the preoperative 3D model and 3D laparoscopic scene.Meanwhile,intraoperative ultrasound assisted indocyanine green fluorescence was used to determine the surgical path.In this way,the LRH under the guidance of augmented reality and mixed reality navigation was completed.The predicted liver resection volume was evaluated before surgery,actual resected liver volume,surgical indicators and postoperative complications were analyzed. Results: All the 5 patients completed LRH under the guidance of augmented reality and mixed reality navigation technology,with no conversion to laparotomy.The median operative time was 300 minutes(range:270 to 360 minutes),no intraoperative blood transfusion was performed,and the median postoperative hospital stay was 8 days(range:7 to 9 days).There were no perioperative deaths,or postoperative complications such as liver failure,bleeding,or biliary fistula. Conclusion: For patients who need to undergo LRH,the use of augmented and mixed reality navigation technology can safely and effectively guide the implementation of surgery,retain more functional liver volume,improve surgical safety,and reduce postoperative complications.

[Application of augmented-reality surgical navigation technology combined with ICG molecular fluorescence imaging in laparoscopic hepatectomy].

Objective: To study the application value of augmented-reality (AR) surgical navigation technology combined with indocyanine green (ICG) molecular fluorescence imaging in three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopic hepatectomy. Methods: The clinical data of forty-eight patients who had undergone 3D laparoscopic hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma at First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University from January 2018 to April 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into two groups: the group of 3D laparoscopic hepatectomy navigated by augment reality technology combined with ICG molecular fluorescence imaging (Group A) , and group of conventional 3D laparoscopic hepatectomy (Group B) . Patients in Group A (n=23) underwent 3D laparoscopic hepatectomy using augmented-reality technology combined with ICG molecular fluorescence imaging. In this group, the self-developed three-dimensional laparoscopic augmented-reality surgical navigation system (No. 2018SR840555) was operated to project the preoperative three-dimensional model to the surgical field, and the use of this system in combination with ICG molecular fluorescence imaging navigated laparoscopic hepatectomy. No surgical navigation technology was applied in Group B (n=25) . All patients signed the informed consent, which were in accordance with the requirements of medical ethics (Ethics No.: 2018-GDYK-003) . The preoperative data, surgical indicators and postoperative complications between the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results: The median amount of intraoperative blood loss of Group A was 250 (200) ml (M (Q(R)) ) , which was significantly lower than that of Group B (300 (150) ml) (Z=-2.307, P=0.021) .The transfusion rate of Group A was 13.0% (3/23) , which was significantly lower than that of Group B (40.0%, 10/25) (χ(2)=4.408, P=0.036) .The median postoperative hospitalization time of Group A was 8 (2) d, which was significantly shorter than that of Group B (11 (6.5) d) (Z=-2.694, P=0.007) . There were no serious complications and perioperative death in both groups.The incidence of postoperative complications in Group A was 17.4% (4/23) , which was not significantly different from that in group B (28%, 7/25) (χ(2)=0.763, P=0.382) . Conclusion: Augmented-reality surgical navigation technology combined with ICG molecular fluorescence imaging has better effect in 3D laparoscopic hepatectomy.