RESUMO
Objective: To evaluate the intervention effect of resveratrol on rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods: The relevant studies on the intervention of resveratrol on rat models of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury were searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang and China Science and Technology Journal Database from the start of database establishment to January 2023. Data were extracted from studies that met the inclusion criteria. The results included electrocardiogram (ECG) and myocardial injury markers: ST changes, cardiac troponin I (cTn-I), cardiac troponin T (cTn-T), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); hemodynamic indicators: heart rate (HR), left ventricular diastolic pressure (LVDP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), maximum rate of increase of left ventricular pressure (+dp/dtmax), maximum rate of decrease of left ventricular pressure (-dp/dtmax); oxidative damage indicators: nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA); inflammatory factors: tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6); apoptosis index: B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), BCL2-Associated X (Bax), cardiomyocyte apoptosis index (AI); heart tissue structure: myocardial infarction size. Finally, a meta-analysis of these results was conducted. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the SYRCLE Bias Risk tool. Results: A total of 43 studies were included in the meta-analysis, and the quality of the included studies was assessed. It was found that the evidence quality of these 43 studies was low, and no study was judged to have low risk bias in all risk assessments. The results showed that resveratrol could reduce ST segment, cTn-I, cTn-T, CK, CK-MB, LDH, LVEDP, ROS, MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, AI levels and myocardial infarction size. HR, LVDP, LVSP, +dp/dtmax, NO, Bcl-2, and SOD levels were increased. However, resveratrol had no significant effect on -dp/dtmax and Bax outcome measures. Conclusion: Resveratrol can reduce ST segment in rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, alleviate myocardial injury, improve ventricular systolic and diastolic ability in hemodynamics, reduce inflammatory response and oxidative damage, and reduce myocardial necrosis and apoptosis. Due to the low quality of the methodologies included in the studies, additional research is required.
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Disinfection is essential to swimming pool water (SPW) quality. Peracetic acid (PAA) has attracted attention for water disinfection for advantages such as less formation of regulated DBPs. Persistence kinetics of disinfectants is difficult to elucidate in pools because of the complex water matrix stemming from body fluid loadings from swimmers and long residence times. In this research, the persistence kinetics of PAA was investigated in SPW benchmarked against free chlorine, use bench-scale experiments and model simulation. Kinetics models were developed to simulate the persistence of PAA and chlorine. The stability of PAA was less sensitive to swimmer loadings than chlorine. An average swimmer loading event reduced the apparent decay rate constant of PAA by 66 %, a phenomenon that diminished with increasing temperatures. L-histidine and citric acid from swimmers were identified as main retardation contributors. By contrast, a swimmer loading event instantaneously consumed 70-75 % of the residual free chlorine. The required total dose of PAA was 97 % less than chlorine under the 3-days cumulative disinfection mode. Temperature was positively correlated with disinfectant decay rate, with PAA being more sensitive than chlorine. These results shed light on the persistence kinetics of PAA and its influential factors in swimming pool settings.
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Potential applications of terahertz (THz) radiation are constantly being investigated for high-speed communication due to its large bandwidth. For example, frequency hopping communication technology would benefit from the large bandwidth. To attach the information to the carrier wave, THz modulators with deep and stable modulation at different frequencies are crucial, yet are still lacking. Here a THz modulator, designed by integrating a non-resonant field enhancement effect of periodic metal microslits to assist a Fabry-Perot resonance structure (MS-FP) is proposed and demonstrated. New equations are developed to describe the superior performance of the novel design. The >95% modulation depth is achieved by a SiO2/Si gated graphene device at 14 Fabry-Perot resonant frequencies across 1.4 THz bandwidth, outperforming the recently reported 75% modulation depth THz modulator with a similar Fabry-Perot structure.
RESUMO
A novel and convenient method has been developed for the regioselective iodination of quinolines at their C3 position under metal-free conditions. Iodinated quinolines, which are popular building blocks in organic and medicinal chemistry, can be prepared in gram quantities and good yields using this method and further derivatized to give increasingly complex compounds. Preliminary mechanistic studies have shown that this reaction most likely occurs via a radical intermediate.
