Association between weekend warrior physical activity pattern and all-cause mortality among adults living with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study from NHANES 2007 to 2018.

BACKGROUND: It is uncertain whether the weekend warrior pattern is associated with all-cause mortality among adults living with type 2 diabetes. This study explored how the 'weekend warrior' physical activity (PA) pattern was associated with all-cause mortality among adults living with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: This prospective cohort study investigated US adults living with type 2 diabetes in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Mortality data was linked to the National Death Index. Based on self-reported leisure-time and occupational moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), participants were categorized into 3 groups: physically inactive (< 150 min/week of MVPA), weekend warrior (≥ 150 min/week of MVPA in 1 or 2 sessions), and physically active (≥ 150 min/week of MVPA in 3 or more sessions). RESULTS: A total of 6067 participants living with type 2 diabetes [mean (SD) age, 61.4 (13.5) years; 48.0% females] were followed for a median of 6.1 years, during which 1206 deaths were recorded. Of leisure-time and occupational activity, compared with inactive individuals, hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality were 0.49 (95% CI 0.26-0.91) and 0.57 (95% CI 0.38-0.85) for weekend warrior individuals, and 0.55 (95% CI 0.45-0.67) and 0.64 (95% CI 0.53-0.76) for regularly active individuals, respectively. However, when compared leisure-time and occupational weekend warrior with regularly active participants, the HRs were 0.82 (95% CI 0.42-1.61) and 1.00 (95% CI 0.64-1.56) for all-cause mortality, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Weekend warrior PA pattern may have similar effects on lowering all-cause mortality as regularly active pattern among adults living with type 2 diabetes, regardless of leisure-time or occupational activity. Therefore, weekend warrior PA pattern may be sufficient to reduce all-cause mortality for adults living with type 2 diabetes.

Mechanistic Understanding of the Underlying Energy Storage Mechanism of α-MnO2-based Pseudo-Supercapacitors.

Manganese dioxide (α-MnO2) has attracted significant research interest in supercapacitors recently. However, the reaction mechanism of α-MnO2 in supercapacitors remains unclear. Therefore, a nano-supercapacitor using Environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) is conducted and investigated the reaction mechanism of α-MnO2 based on three ionic liquids (ILs). It found that in the aprotic ionic liquid (AIL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (EMIMOTF), α-MnO2 nanowires (NWs) undergo an oxidation reaction due to the presence of an active proton at the second position (H2) of the imidazole ring. As a result, α-MnO2 NWs undergo a phase transition and transform into Mn3O4, exhibiting pseudo-capacitive properties. Furthermore, characterization of the macroscopic α-MnO2 electrodes after cycling reveals that after the initial charging cycles, the dominant energy storage mechanism of the supercapacitor transitions from pseudo-capacitance to a dual-layer capacitance formed by the combination of Mn3O4 and unreacted α-MnO2. Simultaneously, due to the coexistence of these two energy storage mechanisms, the specific capacitance of the supercapacitor in EMIMOTF electrolyte reaches up to 80 F g-1, and the cycle number reaches as high as 1000 cycles. The results are expected to provide insights into the selection of electrolytes in supercapacitors and offer a fundamental understanding of the internal reaction mechanisms in capacitors.

Macrophages regulate plaque progression in diabetic Apoe-/- mice dependent on Pi4p/Nlrp3 signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease complicated by diabetes mellitus (DM) is the leading cause of death in diabetic patients, and it is strongly associated with macrophages and inflammasomes. It has been found that activation of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is closely associated with phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) on the trans-Golgi. However, how PI4P and NLRP3 regulate macrophage function and its role in diabetic atherosclerotic plaques is unclear. METHODS: The expression of Pi4p and Nlrp3-inflammasome-related proteins in atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) and Apoe-/- DM mice was investigated. Then, Pi4p levels were affected by shRNA-Pi4kb or cDNA-Sac1 plasmid to investigate the effects of changes in Pi4p-related metabolic enzymes on macrophage function. Finally, genetically modified macrophages were injected into diabetic Apoe-/- mice to explore the effects on atherosclerosis. RESULTS: DM promoted plaque progression in atherosclerotic mice and increased expression of Pi4p and Nlrp3 in plaques. In addition, impaired macrophage function induced by high glucose was reversed by transfected shRNA-Pi4kb or cDNA-Sac1 plasmid. Furthermore, decreased levels of Pi4p reduced plaque area in diabetic Apoe-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggests that Pi4p/Nlrp3 in macrophages play an important role in the exacerbation of atherosclerosis in diabetic mice. Pi4p-related metabolizing enzymes (PI4KB and SAC1) may be a potential therapeutic strategy for diabetic atherosclerosis, and macrophage therapy is also a potential treatment.

Texture analysis based on CT for predicting the differentiation of esophageal squamous cancer: An observational study.

To explore the feasibility and application value of texture analysis based on computed tomography (CT) for predicting the differentiation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Patients diagnosed with ESCC who underwent chest contrast-enhanced CT before treatment were selected. Based on the pathological results, the patients were stratified into poorly differentiated and moderately well-differentiated groups. FireVoxel software was used to analyze the region of interest based on venous phase CT images. Texture parameters including the mean, median, standard deviation (SD), inhomogeneity, skewness, kurtosis, and entropy were obtained automatically. Differences in the texture parameters and their relationship with the degree of differentiation between the 2 groups were analyzed. The value of CT texture parameters in identifying poor differentiation and moderate-well differentiation of esophageal cancer was analyzed using the ROC curve. A total of 48 patients with ESCC were included, including 24 patients in the poorly differentiated group and 24 patients in the moderate-well-differentiated group. There were negative correlations between SD, inhomogeneity, entropy, and the degree of differentiation of esophageal cancer (P < .05). The correlation of inhomogeneity was the highest (r = -0.505, P < .001). SD, inhomogeneity, and entropy could effectively distinguish between the poorly and moderately well-differentiated groups, with statistically significant differences between the 2 groups (P < .05). The best critical values for SD, inhomogeneity, and entropy were 17.538, 0.017, and 3.917, respectively. The areas under the ROC curve were 0.793, 0.792, and 0.729, respectively, with the SD and inhomogeneity being the best. The application of texture analysis on venous phase CT images holds promise as a method for forecasting the degree of differentiation in esophageal cancers, which could significantly contribute to the preoperative noninvasive evaluation of tumor differentiation.

Associations between PM 2.5 and its chemical constituents and blood pressure: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the associations between PM 2.5 and its chemical constituents with blood pressure (BP), assess effects across BP quantiles, and identify the key constituent elevating BP. METHODS: A total of 36 792 adults were included in the cross-sectional study, representing 25 districts/counties of southeast China. Quantile regression models were applied to estimate the associations of PM 2.5 and its chemical constituents (ammonium [NH 4+ ], nitrate [NO 3- ], sulfate [SO 42- ], black carbon [BC], organic matter [OM]) with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean artery pressure (MAP). A weighted quantile sum (WQS) index was used to estimate the relative importance of each PM 2.5 chemical constituent to the joint effect on BP. RESULTS: The adverse effects of each interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM 2.5 , NH 4+ , NO 3- , SO 42- , and BC on BP were found to be greater with elevated BP, especially when SBP exceeded 133 mmHg and DBP exceeded 82 mmHg. Each IQR increase in all five PM 2.5 chemical constituents was associated with elevated SBP ( ß [95% CI]: 0.90 [0.75, 1.05]), DBP ( ß : 0.44 [0.34, 0.53]), and MAP ( ß : 0.57 [0.45, 0.69]), NH 4+ (for SBP: weight = 99.43%; for DBP: 12.78%; for MAP: 60.73%) and BC (for DBP: 87.06%; for MAP: 39.07%) predominantly influencing these effects. The joint effect of PM 2.5 chemical constituents on risks for elevated SBP and DBP exhibited an upward trend from the 70 th quantile (SBP exceeded 133 mmHg, DBP exceeded 82 mmHg). CONCLUSION: Long-term exposure to PM 2.5 and its chemical constituents was associated with increased risk for elevated BP, with NH 4+ and BC being the main contributors, and such associations were significantly stronger at 70th to 90th quantiles (SBP exceeded 133 mmHg, DBP exceeded 82 mmHg).

Active Region Mode Control for High-Power, Low-Linewidth Broadened Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers for Light Detection and Ranging.

This paper introduces a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) with high power and narrow linewidth broadening achieved through active region mode control. By integrating mode control with broad-spectrum epitaxial material design, the device achieves high gain, high power, and wide band output. At a wavelength of 1550 nm and an ambient temperature of 20 °C, the output power reaches 757 mW when the input power is 25 mW, and the gain is 21.92 dB when the input power is 4 mW. The 3 dB gain bandwidth is 88 nm, and the linewidth expansion of the input laser after amplification through the SOA is only 1.031 times. The device strikes a balance between high gain and high power, offering a new amplifier option for long-range light detection and ranging (LiDAR).

MSIsensor-RNA: Microsatellite Instability Detection for Bulk and Single-cell Gene Expression Data.

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is an indispensable biomarker in cancer immunotherapy. Currently, MSI scoring methods by high-throughput omics methods have gained popularity and demonstrated better performance than the gold standard method for MSI detection. However, the MSI detection method on expression data, especially single-cell expression data, is still lacking, limiting the scope of clinical application and prohibiting the investigation of MSI at a single-cell level. Herein, we developed MSIsensor-RNA, an accurate, robust, adaptable, and standalone software to detect MSI status based on expression values of MSI-associated genes. We demonstrated the favorable performance and promise of MSIsensor-RNA in both bulk and single-cell gene expression data in multiplatform technologies including RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), microarray, and single-cell RNA-seq. MSIsensor-RNA is a versatile, efficient, and robust method for MSI status detection from both bulk and single-cell gene expression data in clinical studies and applications. MSIsensor-RNA is available at https://github.com/xjtu-omics/msisensor-rna.

[Maternal MTR gene polymorphisms and their interactions with periconceptional folic acid supplementation in relation to offspring ventricular septal defects]. / 母亲MTRåŸºå› å¤šæ€æ€§åŠå ¶ä¸Žå›´å­•æœŸå¶é ¸è¡¥å çš„äº¤äº’ä½œç”¨ä¸Žå­ä»£å®¤é—´éš”ç¼ºæŸçš„å ³è”ç ”ç©¶.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate how maternal MTR gene polymorphisms and their interactions with periconceptional folic acid supplementation are associated with the incidence of ventricular septal defects (VSD) in offspring. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted, recruiting 426 mothers of infants with VSD under one year old and 740 mothers of age-matched healthy infants. A questionnaire survey collected data on maternal exposures, and blood samples were analyzed for genetic polymorphisms. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and inverse probability of treatment weighting were used to analyze the associations between genetic loci and VSD. Crossover analysis and logistic regression were utilized to examine the additive and multiplicative interactions between the loci and folic acid intake. RESULTS: The CT and TT genotypes of the maternal MTR gene at rs6668344 increased the susceptibility of offspring to VSD (P<0.05). The GC and CC genotypes at rs3768139, AG and GG at rs1050993, AT and TT at rs4659743, GG at rs3768142, and GT and TT at rs3820571 were associated with a decreased risk of VSD (P<0.05). The variations at rs6668344 demonstrated an antagonistic multiplicative interaction with folic acid supplementation in relation to VSD (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal MTR gene polymorphisms significantly correlate with the incidence of VSD in offspring. Mothers with variations at rs6668344 can decrease the susceptibility to VSD in their offspring by supplementing with folic acid during the periconceptional period, suggesting the importance of periconceptional folic acid supplementation in genetically at-risk populations to prevent VSD in offspring.

Comprehensive understanding of the adverse effects associated with temozolomide: a disproportionate analysis based on the FAERS database.

Background: Temozolomide, which is the standard drug for glioma treatment, has several Adverse events (AEs) in the treatment of gliomas and other tumors that are not yet fully understood. This is due to the pharmacological nature of the alkylating agent. A significant proportion of these effects have not been systematically documented or reported. Methods: We selected data from the United States FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from the first quarter of 2004 to the fourth quarter of 2023. Four algorithms were used for disproportionate analysis, with the objective of assessing the association between temozolomide and related adverse events. Results: In this study, 20,079,906 case reports were collected from the FAERS database, of which 15,152 adverse events related to temozolomide were reported. A total of 352 preferred terms (PTs) and 24 system organ classes (SOCs) that were significantly disproportionally related to the four algorithms were included. The SOCs included blood and lymphatic system disorders (χ2 = 18,220.09, n = 4,325); skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (χ2 = 408.06, n = 1,347); investigations (χ2 = 639.44, n = 3,925); musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders (χ2 = 1,317.29, n = 588); and psychiatric disorders (χ2 = 1,098.47, n = 877). PT levels were screened for adverse drug reaction signals consistent with drug inserts, such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, liver function abnormalities, nausea and vomiting, as well as rarely reported adverse drug reactions, such as aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, electrolyte disorders, cerebral edema, and high-frequency mutations. Conclusion: The results of our investigation demonstrated both adverse effects that had been reported and a multitude of unreported adverse effects that were serious in nature and lacked a clear cause. These novel findings suggest that more attention should be given to the clinical conditions of patients after treatment to provide a more comprehensive perspective and understanding for further clarifying the safety of temozolomide.

Bidirectional associations between sleep and anxiety among Chinese schoolchildren before and after the COVID-19 lockdown.

The COVID-19 pandemic has critical implications for mental health in children. This study examined how the COVID-19 lockdown affected sleep duration and anxiety symptoms in Chinese school-aged children and the bidirectional association between sleep and anxiety before and during the COVID-19 lockdown. A school-based longitudinal cohort study was conducted to examine the relationship between sleep duration and anxiety scores before and after the COVID-19 lockdown from January to May 2020. Generalized estimating equations model was used to identify variables that contributed to the changes in sleep duration. The bidirectional relationship between sleep duration and anxiety symptoms was explored by cross-lagged analysis. 7681 children completed two waves of surveys were included in the analysis. The daily exercise duration, anxiety symptoms, and sleep duration decreased significantly during the lockdown compared with that before the lockdown. Based on generalized estimating equations model, older age, secondary school, and higher anxiety scores of participants were positively associated with sleep duration, while female and no COVID-19 infection history were negatively associated with it. Cross-lagged analysis showed higher anxiety score of children before the lockdown was significantly associated with shorter sleep duration during the lockdown; and shorter sleep duration of children before the lockdown was also significantly associated with a higher anxiety score during the lockdown. Under the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, there were longitudinal, bidirectional associations between children's anxiety symptoms and sleep duration. For school students, mental health services and sleep education should be considered in the daily health education curriculum.

Insulin-like growth factor 2 targets IGF1R signaling transduction to facilitate metastasis and imatinib resistance in gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are typical gastrointestinal tract neoplasms. Imatinib is the first-line therapy for GIST patients. Drug resistance limits the long-term effectiveness of imatinib. The regulatory effect of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) has been confirmed in various cancers and is related to resistance to chemotherapy and a worse prognosis. AIM: To further investigate the mechanism of IGF2 specific to GISTs. METHODS: IGF2 was screened and analyzed using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO: GSE225819) data. After IGF2 knockdown or overexpression by transfection, the phenotypes (proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis) of GIST cells were characterized by cell counting kit 8, Transwell, and flow cytometry assays. We used western blotting to evaluate pathway-associated and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated proteins. We injected transfected cells into nude mice to establish a tumor xenograft model and observed the occurrence and metastasis of GIST. RESULTS: Data from the GEO indicated that IGF2 expression is high in GISTs, associated with liver metastasis, and closely related to drug resistance. GIST cells with high expression of IGF2 had increased proliferation and migration, invasiveness and EMT. Knockdown of IGF2 significantly inhibited those activities. In addition, OE-IGF2 promoted GIST metastasis in vivo in nude mice. IGF2 activated IGF1R signaling in GIST cells, and IGF2/IGF1R-mediated glycolysis was required for GIST with liver metastasis. GIST cells with IGF2 knockdown were sensitive to imatinib treatment when IGF2 overexpression significantly raised imatinib resistance. Moreover, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (a glycolysis inhibitor) treatment reversed IGF2 overexpression-mediated imatinib resistance in GISTs. CONCLUSION: IGF2 targeting of IGF1R signaling inhibited metastasis and decreased imatinib resistance by driving glycolysis in GISTs.

Patient, family, and community factors associated with medication adherence among people with hypertension or diabetes: A cross-sectional analysis.

Background: While suboptimal medication adherence remains an obstacle to the management of hypertension and diabetes in China, few studies have investigated associated factors with medication adherence on different dimensions simultaneously. Objective: To systematically examine associated patient, family, and community factors with suboptimal medication adherence among people with hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes in China. Methods: The study stratified a random sample of 622 adults aged 45 years or older with hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes from three southeast cities in China in 2019. Trained interviewers used the Morisky Green Levine Medication Adherence Scale, Self-Efficacy to Manage Chronic Disease (SEMCD) Scale, and the Family Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve (APGAR) Scale to assess medication adherence, self-efficacy, and family function, respectively. Participants also reported their perceived satisfaction with community health services (quantity, quality, affordability, and overall acceptance). The study used the multivariable logistic regression to assess the association of patient, family, and community factors with suboptimal medication adherence. Results: Among the participants, 42.9% reported suboptimal medication adherence. In the multivariable logistic regression model, male participants (odds ratio [OR] = 0.55, p = 0.001) had higher medication adherence compared to females. Having a self-efficacy score that was lower than or equal to the sample mean was significantly associated with lower adherence (OR = 1.44, p = 0.039). Participants unsatisfied with the affordability of community health services and medicine had lower adherence (OR = 2.18, p = 0.028) than those neutral or satisfied. There were no significant associations between family function and medication adherence. Conclusions: Sex, self-efficacy, and perceived affordability of community health services were important factors associated with medication adherence. Healthcare professionals are recommended to consider multiple factors and leverage services and resources in community health centers when promoting medication adherence.

Ambient fine particulate matter and Life's essential 8 and mortality in adults in China: A Nationwide retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Enhanced cardiovascular health (CVH) is linked to reduced mortality risks, whereas long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), elevates these risks. Whether long-term exposure to PM2.5 counteracts the health benefits of high CVH is unknown. The study aims to evaluate whether the association of CVH assessed by Life's Essential 8 (LE8) with death was consistent between participants with different PM2.5 exposures. METHODS: We included 134,727 participants in the field survey of China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance which was conducted from August 2013 to June 2014. The deaths of participants were obtained by linking to the National Mortality Surveillance System (2013-2018). The environmental data is obtained by satellite inversion. The participants' CVH scores were calculated using the LE8 method. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for mortality were calculated using Cox regression models. RESULTS: A total of 2,936 all-cause deaths and 1,158 cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths were recorded. Compared to those with low CVH, adults with high CVH demonstrated a reduced risk of all-cause mortality, irrespective of their PM2.5 exposure levels (P < 0.05, all P for interaction >0.05). Furthermore, in comparison to those with low CVH and highest PM2.5 exposure, adults with high CVH and lowest PM2.5 exposure exhibited HR of 0.18 (95%CI, 0.12-0.25) for all-cause mortality and 0.13 (95%CI, 0.08-0.22) for CVD mortality. CONCLUSIONS: High CVH is associated with reduced all-cause mortality risk, regardless of PM2.5 exposure levels. For Chinese adults, sustaining high CVH is advisable, irrespective of their residential location.

Activation of the cGAS-STING-IRF3 Axis by Type I and II Interferons Contributes to Host Defense.

Interferons (IFNs) activate JAK-STAT pathways to induce downstream effector genes for host defense against invaded pathogens and tumors. Here both type I (ß) and II (γ) IFNs are shown that can activate the transcription factor IRF3 in parallel with STAT1. IRF3-deficiency impairs transcription of a subset of downstream effector genes induced by IFN-ß and IFN-γ. Mechanistically, IFN-induced activation of IRF3 is dependent on the cGAS-STING-TBK1 axis. Both IFN-ß and IFN-γ cause mitochondrial DNA release into the cytosol. In addition, IFNs induce JAK1-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of cGAS at Y214/Y215, which is essential for its DNA binding activity and signaling. Furthermore, deficiency of cGAS, STING, or IRF3 impairs IFN-ß- or IFN-γ-mediated antiviral and antitumor activities. The findings reveal a novel IRF3 activation pathway parallel with the canonical STAT1/2 activation pathways triggered by IFNs and provide an explanation for the pleiotropic roles of the cGAS-STING-IRF3 axis in host defense.

Prevalence of very high cardiovascular disease risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A population-based cross-sectional screening study.

AIM: The 2019 ESC/EASD guidelines categorize cardiovascular disease risk (CVD) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Assessing CVD risk is necessary to identify individuals at very high risk of CVD, enabling tailored and precise intervention for this high-risk population. This study aims to evaluate the severity of a very high risk for CVD stratification among patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) across different regions in China. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional screening study from 1 January 2020 to 30 December 2022. Disease duration, body mass index (BMI), targeted organ damage, such as atherosclerotic heart disease, proteinuria, impaired renal function, left ventricular hypertrophy, retinopathy and known CVD risk factors, were collected from diabetic patients by professionally trained physicians. The risk of CV in patients with DM was categorized into two groups: very high risk and others, according to the 2019 ESC/EASD guidelines. RESULTS: In total, 1 870 720 participants from 1669 hospitals in 30 provinces of China, excluding Tibet, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao, were enrolled from 2020 to 2022, among whom 67.50% of patients with T2DM were at very high risk for CVD. The proportions of very high-risk T2DM were higher in Northeast China (75.82%), Central China (73.65%) and Southwest China (72.66%), while the lowest prevalence of very high-risk T2DM was found in Southern China (60.15%). The multivariate binary logistic regression analyses suggested that the category of very high risk for CVD is associated with age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-1.04; p < .0001], BMI (OR = 1.07; 95% CI: 1.07-1.07; p < .0001), duration of DM (OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.05-1.05; p < .0001), hypertension (OR = 3.75; 95% CI: 3.72-3.78; p < .0001), dyslipidaemia (OR = 5.22; 95% CI: 5.18-5.27; p < .0001) and smoking (OR = 2.92; 95% CI: 2.89-2.95; p < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: This study represented the largest observational study of CVD risk assessment in patients with T2DM in China. The CVD risk situation of patients with diabetes in China is critical, and comprehensive control and management of CVD risk factors, such as hypertension, BMI and dyslipidaemia, in patients with DM need to be strengthened in patients with T2DM in China.

Boosting All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells by Revitalizing the Buried Tin-Lead Perovskite Interface.

Narrow-bandgap (NBG) mixed tin-lead (Sn-Pb) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) serve as crucial top subcells in all-perovskite tandem solar cells (TSCs). However, the prevalent use of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) hole transport layers (HTLs) in NBG PSCs compromises device efficiency and stability. To address this, the study proposes a revitalizing strategy for the buried interface of Sn-Pb perovskites by directly immersing acetylcholine chloride (ACh) into PEDOT: PSS. ACh acts as a proficient "diver," not only modulating the bottom PEDOT: PSS HTLs but also facilitating the reconstruction of the buried interface and significantly enhancing the quality of the top perovskite layers. This intervention with ACh prevents Sn2+ oxidation, mitigates buried defects, and encourages the growth of large, densely packed grains within Sn-Pb perovskites. Consequently, the optimized NBG PSCs exhibit significantly improved hole transport and reduced carrier recombination, achieving a steady-state efficiency of 22.98% with enhanced stability. Furthermore, these optimized NBG Sn-Pb cells enable highly efficient two-terminal and four-terminal all-perovskite TSCs, boasting steady-state efficiencies of 27.54% (certified at 26.41%) and 28.01%, respectively. This study emphasizes the importance of optimizing NBG PSCs through buried interface reconstruction, propelling the advancement of all-perovskite TSCs.

Correction: Assessing the dynamic impacts of non-pharmaceutical and pharmaceutical intervention measures on the containment results against COVID-19 in Ethiopia.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271231.].

Development and validation of a diagnostic prediction model for children with pertussis.

To develop and validate a diagnostic prediction model based on blood parameters for predicting the pertussis in children. A retrospective study of 477 children with suspected pertussis at Zigong First People's Hospital was performed between January 2020 and December 2021. The patients were randomly divided into training cohort and validation cohort. Stepwise regression and R software was performed to develop and validate the model. Stepwise regression analysis showed that white blood cell (WBC), hematocrit (HCT), lymphocyte (LYMPH), C-reactive protein (CRP) and platelet distribution width to mean platelet volume ratio (PDW-MPV-R) were found to be independent factors associated with pertussis. The model containing WBC, CRP and PDW-MPV-R had the best performance. The area under curve (ROC, 0.77 for the training cohort and 0.80 for the validation cohort) of the model indicated satisfactory discriminative ability. The sensitivity and specificity of the model were 72.1% and 72.6% in training cohort and 74% and 72.1%, respectively, in validation cohort. Based on the ROC analysis, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis, we concluded that the model exhibited excellent performance. A model based on blood parameters is sufficiently accurate to predict the probability of pertussis in children, and may provide some reference for clinical decisions.

Spatial and Seasonal Changes in Microbial Community of Hynobius amjiensis Breeding Pools in a Sphagnum-Dominated Peatland.

Peatlands deliver a variety of beneficial ecosystem services, particularly serving as habitats for a diverse array of species. Hynobius amjiensis is a critically endangered amphibian initially discovered in a Sphagnum-dominated peatland in Anji, China. The unique habitat requirements of H. amjiensis make it highly vulnerable to environmental changes. Here, we investigated the different breeding pools of H. amjiensis in the Sphagnum-dominated peatland (the type locality) for a one-year period to evaluate the interactions among the egg sacs present, water quality, and microbial communities (16S and 18S rRNA gene amplicon). The numbers of egg sacs were higher in the breeding pools located at the marginal area than those at the core area of the peatland. Similarly, the α-diversity of bacteria, fungi, and protists were lower in the core region compared to those at the edge of the peatland, perhaps due to water eutrophication. The microbial communities and water quality differed significantly among breeding pools and sampling months. The simpler microbial networks of the breeding pools in the core wetland may impact the numbers and health of the egg sacs. This study contributes to a better understanding of the effect of water quality on biodiversity in peatlands, and it can also guide regulations for wetland conservation and the protection of endangered species.