Spatial Distribution of Parvalbumin-Positive Fibers in the Mouse Brain and Their Alterations in Mouse Models of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Parkinson's Disease / 神经科学通报·英文版

Parvalbumin interneurons belong to the major types of GABAergic interneurons. Although the distribution and pathological alterations of parvalbumin interneuron somata have been widely studied, the distribution and vulnerability of the neurites and fibers extending from parvalbumin interneurons have not been detailly interrogated. Through the Cre recombinase-reporter system, we visualized parvalbumin-positive fibers and thoroughly investigated their spatial distribution in the mouse brain. We found that parvalbumin fibers are widely distributed in the brain with specific morphological characteristics in different regions, among which the cortex and thalamus exhibited the most intense parvalbumin signals. In regions such as the striatum and optic tract, even long-range thick parvalbumin projections were detected. Furthermore, in mouse models of temporal lobe epilepsy and Parkinson's disease, parvalbumin fibers suffered both massive and subtle morphological alterations. Our study provides an overview of parvalbumin fibers in the brain and emphasizes the potential pathological implications of parvalbumin fiber alterations.

Effects of social support on job burnout among police officers: Mediating role of psychological empowerment / 环境与职业医学

Background The high-pressure and high-risk nature of the police profession may consume individual resources and lead to job burnout. Objective To understand the current situation of police job burnout, and test potential mediating role of psychological empowerment between social support and job burnout. Methods From May to October 2020, a questionnaire survey was conducted among police officers in cities A and B of Sichuan Province by convenience sampling. The Perceived Social Support Scale, Psychological Empowerment Scale, and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey were used to evaluate social support, psychological empowerment, and job burnout respectively. Mediation effect of psychological empowerment on the relationship between social support and job burnout was tested using bias-corrected bootstrap method. Results Of the 483 questionnaires recovered, there were 461 valid questionnaires (95.44%). The M (P25, P75) scores of social support, psychological empowerment, and job burnout were 5.00 (3.50, 5.83), 3.25 (2.00, 4.25), and 3.61 (2.43, 3.88), respectively. The positive rate of job burnout was 93.92% (433/461), of which 42.51% (196/461) and 51.41% (237/461) of the participants were at mild to moderate and severe levels of job burnout respectively. The results of Spearman correlation analysis showed that social support and psychological empowerment were negatively correlated with job burnout (r=−0.265, −0.328, P<0.01), and social support was positively corrected with psychological empowerment (r=0.390, P<0.01). The Bootstrap test results showed that social support negatively affected job burnout (β=−0.193, P<0.001) and positively affected psychological empowerment (β=0.330, P<0.001). Psychological empowerment negatively affected job burnout (β=−0.212, P<0.001) and played a partial mediating role in the relationship between social support and job burnout, and the effect value was −0.070 (95%CI: −0.097, −0.047) that accounted for 36.27% of the total effect. Conclusion Job burnout is prevalent among the police officers. Social support has a negative effect on job burnout, and psychological empowerment plays a partial mediating role between social support and job burnout.

Revealing geographic transmission pattern of COVID-19 using neighborhood-level simulation with human mobility data and SEIR model: A Case Study of South Carolina

Direct human physical contact accelerates COVID-19 transmission. Smartphone mobility data has been an emerging data source to reveal fine-grained human mobility, which can be used to estimate the intensity of physical contact surrounding different locations. Our study applied smartphone mobility data to simulate the second wave spreading of COVID-19 in January 2021 in three major metropolitan statistical areas (Columbia, Greenville, and Charleston) in South Carolina, United States. Based on the simulation, the number of historical county-level COVID-19 cases was allocated to neighborhoods (Census blockgroups) and points of interest (POIs), and the transmission rate of each allocated place was estimated. The result reveals that the COVID-19 infections during the study period mainly occurred in neighborhoods (86%), and the number is approximately proportional to the neighborhoods population. Restaurants and elementary and secondary schools contributed more COVID-19 infections than other POI categories. The simulation results for the coastal tourism Charleston area show high transmission rates in POIs related to travel and leisure activities. The results suggest that the neighborhood-level infectious controlling measures are critical in reducing COVID-19 infections. We also found that the households of lower socioeconomic status may be an umbrella against infection due to fewer visits to places such as malls and restaurants associated with their low financial status. Control measures should be tailored to different geographic locations since transmission rates and infection counts of POI categories vary among metropolitan areas.

Does place connectivity moderate the association between concentrated disadvantage and COVID-19 fatality in the United States?

Concentrated disadvantaged areas have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19 outbreak in the United States (US). Meanwhile, highly connected areas may contribute to higher human movement, leading to higher COVID-19 cases and deaths. This study examined whether place connectivity moderated the association between concentrated disadvantage and COVID-19 fatality. Using COVID-19 fatality over four time periods, we performed mixed-effect negative binomial regressions to examine the association between concentrated disadvantage, Twitter-based place connectivity, and county-level COVID-19 fatality, considering potential state-level variations. Results revealed that concentrated disadvantage was significantly associated with an increased COVID-19 fatality. More importantly, moderation analysis suggested that place connectivity significantly exacerbated the harmful effect of concentrated disadvantage on COVID-19 fatality, and this significant moderation effect increased over time. In response to COVID-19 and other future infectious disease outbreaks, policymakers are encouraged to focus on the disadvantaged areas that are highly connected to provide additional pharmacological and non-pharmacological intervention policies.

Social capital, urbanization level, and COVID-19 vaccination uptake in the United States: A national level analysis

Vaccination remains the most promising mitigation strategy for the COVID-19 pandemic. However, existing literature shows significant disparities in vaccination uptake in the United States. Using publicly available national-level data, we aimed to explore if county-level social capital can further explain disparities in vaccination uptake rate adjusting for demographic and social determinants of health (SDOH) variables; and if association between social capital and vaccination uptake may vary by urbanization level. Bivariate analyses and hierarchical multivariable quasi-binomial regression analysis were conducted, then the regression analysis was stratified by urban-rural status. The current study suggests that social capital contributes significantly to the disparities of vaccination uptake in the US. The results of stratification analysis show common predictors of vaccine uptake but also suggest various patterns based on urbanization level regarding the associations of COVID-19 vaccination uptake with SDOH and social capital factors. The study provides a new perspective to address disparities in vaccination uptake through fostering social capital within communities, which may inform tailored public health intervention efforts in enhancing social capital and promoting vaccination uptake.

The influence of timing of oocytes retrieval and embryo transfer on the IVF-ET outcomes in patients having bilateral salpingectomy due to bilateral hydrosalpinx.

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate whether the sequence of oocyte retrieval and salpingectomy for hydrosalpinx affects pregnancy outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) patients. Study Design: There were 1,610 bilateral hydrosalpinx patients who underwent laparoscopy salpingectomy and IVF-ET/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) from January 2009 to December 2018. They were divided into two groups: oocyte retrieval first group: 235 accepted oocyte retrieval before salpingectomy; operation first group: 1,375 accepted oocyte retrieval after salpingectomy. The basic information and pregnancy outcomes of the two groups were compared. The pregnancy outcomes and influencing factors were analyzed among patients at different starting times of frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) or oocyte retrieval after the salpingectomy. Results: Patients in the oocyte retrieval first group had higher levels of basal follicle stimulating hormone and lower anti-Mullerian hormone levels (P < 0.05). There were no cases of pelvic infection or oocyte and embryo contamination after oocyte retrieval in the oocyte retrieval first group. In the frozen cycle, the clinical pregnancy and miscarriage rates of the oocyte retrieval first group were lower than those in the operation first group (P < 0.05), while the live birth rate was not significantly different (P > 0.05). The live birth rates of patients ≥35 years old in the operation first group and the oocyte retrieval first group were not significantly different (29.3% vs. 23.3%, P = 0.240). After adjusting for age and antral follicle count (AFC), oocyte retrieval 4-6 and 7-12 months after the operation had higher accumulated pregnancy rates [OR 1.439 (1.045-1.982), P = 0.026; OR 1.509 (1.055-2.158), P = 0.024] and higher accumulated live birth rates [OR 1.419 (1.018-1.977), P = 0.039; OR 1.544 (1.068-2.230), P = 0.021]. No significant difference was observed in the pregnancy outcomes of frozen embryo transfer at different times after salpingectomy (P > 0.05). Conclusion: No contamination of the embryo or infection was observed in patients who underwent oocyte retrieval before the operation. The interval between the operation and frozen embryo transfer did not affect the pregnancy outcomes. After adjusting for age and AFC, patients who underwent oocyte retrieval 4-6 and 7-12 months after the operation had higher accumulated pregnancy rates and live birth rates.

Deferasirox for the treatment of iron overload in thalassemia ：a rapid health technology assessment / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To eval uate the effectiveness ，safety and economy of deferasir ox for the treatment of iron overload in thalassemia with rapid health technology assessment ，and to provide evidence-based basis for rational clinical use. METHODS Retrieved from Chinese and English database/website as PubMed ，Embase，Cochrane Library ，NHS EED ，CADTH，CNKI and Wanfang database ，health technology assessment （HTA），systematic evaluation/meta-analysis and pharmacological studies about deferasirox versus deferoxamine/deferiprone for the treatment of iron overload in thalassemia were collected from the inception to June 2021. Based on literature screening and data extraction ，the quality of literature about HTA reports ，systematic evaluation/ Meta-analysis and pharmacoeconomic research were evaluated with HTA checklist ，A Measurement Tool to As sess Systematic Reviews，standard scale of economic evaluation report. The effectiveness and safety results were described quantitatively ，and the economic evaluation results were described qualitatively. RESULTS One HTA report ，five systematic evaluation/meta-analysis and five pharmacoeconomic studies were selected from 1 569 literature. Included HTA reports ， systematic evaluation/meta-analysis，pharmacoeconomic studies were high in quality. Most studies reported that 30 mg/（kg·d） deferasirox was E-mail：aydgs@126.com better than deferoxamine in reducing the levels of s erum ferritin and liver iron overload ；ADR induced by deferasirox were mainly gastrointestinal irritation symptoms ，skin itching ，joint pain，transaminase elevation ，etc.，which generally did not affect subsequent treatment. There was no statistical significance in severe ADR between deferoxamine group and deferasirox group [RR ＝0.96，95％CI（0.85，1.08），P＝0.52]. Compared with deferoxamine，deferasirox had higher cost-effectiveness ；but deferasirox was less likely to be cost-effective than deferiprone. CONCLUSIONS Deferasirox has good effectiveness and safety for iron overload in thalassemia ，and has good economic advantages in Britain and Iran ，compared with deferoxamine.

How different pre-existing mental disorders and their co-occurrence affects clinical outcomes of COVID-19? A study based on real-world data in the Southern United States

ImportanceA growing body of research focuses on the impact of pre-existing mental disorders on clinical outcomes of COVID-19 illness. Although a psychiatric history might be an independent risk factor for COVID-19 infection and mortality, no studies have systematically investigated how different clusters of pre-existing mental disorders may affect COVID-19 clinical outcomes or showed how the coexistence of mental disorder clusters is related to COVID-19 clinical outcomes. ObjectiveTo explore how different pre-existing mental disorders and their co-occurrence affects COVID-19-related clinical outcomes based on real-world data. Design, Setting, and ParticipantsUsing a retrospective cohort study design, a total of 476,775 adult patients with lab-confirmed and probable COVID-19 between March 06, 2020 and April 14, 2021 in South Carolina, United States were included in the current study. The electronic health record data of COVID-19 patients were linked to all payer-based claims data through the SC Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office. Main Outcomes and MeasuresKey COVID-19 clinical outcomes included severity, hospitalization, and death. COVID-19 severity was defined as asymptomatic, mild, and moderate/severe. Pre-existing mental disorder diagnoses from Jan 2, 2019 to Jan 14, 2021 were extracted from the patients healthcare utilization data via ICD-10 codes. Mental disorders were categorized into internalizing disorders, externalizing disorders, and thought disorders. ResultsOf the 476,775 COVID-19 patients, 55,300 had pre-existing mental disorders. There is an elevated risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization and death among participants with pre-existing mental disorders adjusting for key socio-demographic covariates (i.e., age, gender, race, ethnicity, residence, smoking). Co-occurrence of any two clusters was positively associated with COVID-19-related hospitalization and death. The odds ratio of being hospitalized was 2.50 (95%CI 2.284, 2.728) for patients with internalizing and externalizing disorders, 3.34 (95%CI 2.637, 4.228) for internalizing and thought disorders, 3.29 (95%CI 2.288, 4.733) for externalizing and thought disorders, and 3.35 (95%CI 2.604, 4.310) for three clusters of mental disorders. Conclusions and RelevancePre-existing internalizing disorders, externalizing disorders, and thought disorders are positively related to COVID-19 hospitalization and death. Co-occurrence of any two clusters of mental disorders have elevated risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization and death compared to those with a single cluster.

The role of HIV infection in the clinical spectrum of COVID-19: a population-based cohort analysis based on US National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) Enclave data

The authors have withdrawn this manuscript because of the accidental low cell size in the supplementary materials. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.

Demographic disparities in clinical outcomes of COVID-19: data from a statewide cohort in South Carolina

BackgroundCurrent literature examining the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients under-represent COVID-19 cases who were either asymptomatic or had a mild illness. ObjectiveTo generate a state-level description and examine the demographic disparities of clinical outcomes of COVID-19. DesignStatewide population-based cohort study SettingCOVID-19 surveillance facilities in South Carolina PatientsAdults COVID-19 cases reported to the SC DHEC by Case Report Form during March 04-December 31, 2020 MeasurementsThe primary predictors were socio-demographic characteristics. The outcomes were COVID-19 disease severity, hospitalization, and mortality, which collected from the standardized CRF. ResultsAmong a total of 280,177 COVID-19 cases, 5.2% (14,451) were hospitalized and 1.9% (5,308) died. Individuals who were older, male gender, Blacks, Hispanic or Latino, and residing in small towns had higher odds for hospitalization and death from COVID-19 (Ps<0.0001). Regarding disease severity, 144,157 (51.5%) were asymptomatic, while 34.4% and 14.2% had mild and moderate/severe symptoms, respectively. Older individuals (OR: 1.14, 95%CI: 1.11, 1.18), Hispanic or Latino (OR: 2.07; 95%CI: 1.96, 2.18), and people residing in small towns (OR: 1.15; 95%CI: 1.08, 1.23) had higher odds of experiencing moderate/severe symptoms, while male and Asian (vs Whites) patients had lower odds of experiencing moderate/severe symptoms. LimitationsPotential misclassification of outcomes due to missing data; other variables were not evaluated, such as comorbidities. ConclusionAs the first statewide population-based study using data from multiple healthcare systems with a long follow-up period in the US, we provide a more generalizable picture of COVID-19 symptoms and clinical outcomes. The findings from this study reinforce the fact that rural residence, racial and ethnic social determinants of health, unfortunately, remain predictors of poor health outcomes for COVID-19 patients.

Spatial-temporal relationship between population mobility and COVID-19 outbreaks in South Carolina: A time series forecasting analysis

BackgroundPopulation mobility is closely associated with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) transmission, and it could be used as a proximal indicator to predict future outbreaks, which could inform proactive non-pharmaceutical interventions for disease control. South Carolina (SC) is one of the states which reopened early and then suffered from a sharp increase of COVID-19. ObjectiveTo examine the spatial-temporal relationship between population mobility and COVID-19 outbreaks and use population mobility to predict daily new cases at both state- and county- levels in SC. MethodsThis longitudinal study used disease surveillance data and Twitter-based population mobility data from March 6 to November 11, 2020 in SC and its top five counties with the largest number of cumulative confirmed cases. Daily new case was calculated by subtracting the cumulative confirmed cases of previous day from the total cases. Population mobility was assessed using the number of users with travel distance larger than 0.5 mile which was calculated based on their geotagged twitters. Poisson count time series model was employed to carry out the research goals. ResultsPopulation mobility was positively associated with state-level daily COVID-19 incidence and those of the top five counties (i.e., Charleston, Greenville, Horry, Spartanburg, Richland). At the state-level, final model with time window within the last 7-day had the smallest prediction error, and the prediction accuracy was as high as 98.7%, 90.9%, and 81.6% for the next 3-, 7-, 14- days, respectively. Among Charleston, Greenville, Horry, Spartanburg, and Richland counties, the best predictive models were established based on their observations in the last 9-, 14-, 28-, 20-, and 9- days, respectively. The 14-day prediction accuracy ranged from 60.3% to 74.5%. ConclusionsPopulation mobility was positively associated with COVID-19 incidences at both state- and county- levels in SC. Using Twitter-based mobility data could provide acceptable prediction for COVID-19 daily new cases. Population mobility measured via social media platform could inform proactive measures and resource relocations to curb disease outbreaks and their negative influences.

Correlation between hypersomnia and anhedonia in patients with major depressive disorder / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the correlation between hypersomnia and anhedonia in patients with major depressive disorder.Methods:From November 2018 to May 2019, patients hospitalized with major depressive disorder who met the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria were selected.According to the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), 46 patients were divided into daytime sleepiness group with ESS ≥ 7, and 171 patients were divided into non-sleepiness group with ESS < 7.The Chinese Revised Social Anhedonia Scale (RSAS) and the Chinese Revised Physical Anhedonia Scale (RPAS) were used to evaluate the patients' anhedonia symptoms.Two-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis were used for data processing.Results:(1)There was no interaction between the hypersomnia and gender on the score of physical anhedonia ( F=0.274, P=0.601). The main effect analysis showed that there was significant difference in the influence of gender on physical anhedonia ( F=10.948, P<0.05). (2)There was interaction between the hypersomnia and age on the score of physical anhedonia ( F=4.396, P=0.013). Further simple effect analysis showed that the score of physical anhedonia in 40-49 age(21.54±12.37) was lower than that in 50-64 age(34.13±12.53) in daytime sleepiness group( P<0.05). (3) There was interaction between hypersomnia and sitting and lying on the score of social anhedonia ( F=4.247, P=0.041). Further simple effect analysis showed that the score of social anhedonia in patients with sitting and lying time less than 2 hours (13.71±5.18) was lower than that in patients with sitting and lying time more than 2 hours (19.75±6.39) in daytime sleepiness group( P<0.05). (4)Pearson correlation analysis showed that the total sleepiness score of depression patients was positively correlated with the social anhedonia score ( r=0.206, P<0.01). After adjusting for gender, age and sitting and lying time, the total sleepiness score was still positively correlated with the social anhedonia score( r=0.225, P<0.01). Conclusion:Hypersomnia may be associated with anhedonia in patients with major depressive disorder.

Expression of human phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 in patients with multiple myeloma and its significance / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective:To investigate the expression of serum human phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 (hPEBP4) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and its clinical significance.Methods:A total of 59 symptomatic MM patients admitted to West Branch of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from September 2016 to September 2018 were selected as the research objects. According to the CRAB symptoms [elevated serum calcium (C), kidney injury (R), anemia (A), bone lesions (B)], all patients were divided into 2 groups, including the active group of 44 patients with CRAB symptoms, and the response group of 15 patients who achieved at least partial remission after chemotherapy and symptom relief of CRAB. According to the degree of bone lesions (BL), 30 patients with severe bone-related events were grouped as the severe bone lesions (SBL) group, and 14 patients were grouped as the non-severe bone lesions (NSBL) group. According to the revised international prognostic staging system (R-ISS), patients in the active group were divided into three subgroups: stage Ⅰ, stage Ⅱ, and stage Ⅲ, including 26, 11 and 7 patients, respectively. A total of 15 healthy examination people whose gender and age matched those of the patients were treated as the healthy control group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the expression levels of hPEBP4, tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 14 (LIGHT/TNFSF14) and activin A of patients in different groups. Pearson was used to analyze the relationship of the expressions of multiple factors in the active group. The optimal cut-off value of multiple factors diagnosing MM was determined by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and according to the cut-off value, the differences in overall survival (OS) of patients with different stratification were compared.Results:In the active group, the respond group, the healthy control group, the level of hPEBP4 was (1.48±0.64) μg/L, (1.49±0.75) μg/L, (0.31±0.10) μg/L, respectively; the level of LIGHT/TNFSF14 was (169±112) ng/L, (256±132) ng/L, (44±27) ng/L,respectively; the level of activin A was (383±266) ng/L, (223±79) ng/L, (234±85) ng/L, respectively; and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). In the active group, the level of hPEBP4 was (1.06±0.60) μg/L, (1.15±0.50) μg/L, (1.73±0.68) μg/L, respectively in patients with stage R-ISSⅠ, R-ISSⅡ and R-ISS Ⅲ, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=3.287, P=0.032). The level of activin A was (219±55) ng/L, (247±117) ng/L, (450±215) ng/L, respectively among patients in stage R-ISSⅠ, R-ISSⅡ, R-ISS Ⅲ, and the level of activin A in stage R-ISS Ⅲ was higher than that in stage R-ISSⅠand R-ISSⅡ (all P < 0.05). The levels of LIGHT/TNFSF14 and activin A of SBL patients were higher than those of NSBL patients [(174±101) ng/L vs. (98±53) ng/L; (467±238) ng/L vs. (189±71) ng/L, all P < 0.05]. The level of hPEBP4 was positively correlated with the levels of M protein ( r=0.694, P < 0.01) and activin A ( r=0.252, P < 0.01) of IgG patients in the active group. ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cut-off value of hPEBP4, LIGHT/TNFSF14, activin A diagnosing MM was 1.04 μg/L, 97.0 μg/L, 156.2 ng/L. The median overall survival (OS) time of patients with hPEBP4 >1.04 μg/L and hPEBP4 ≤ 1.04 μg/L was 57 months (95% CI 22-92 months) and not reached, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05); while the median OS time of patients with activin A ≥ 156.2 ng/L and activin A < 156.2 ng/L was 61 months (95% CI 24-98 months) and not reached, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:High expression level of hPEBP4 is related with the progression of MM. It is positively related with the level of M protein and negatively with the OS of MM patients. It is suggested that hPEBP4 may be used as an important marker to judge disease progression and tumor burden in MM. LIGHT/TNFSF14 and activin A cooperate with hPEBP4 to participate in the pathological processes of tumor microenvironment of MM.

Clinical efficacy of hypofractionated radiotherapy for patients with locally advanced or advanced non-small cell lung cancer / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the survival outcome and toxicity of hypofractionated radiotherapy (45 Gy/15f) in patients with locally advanced/advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who are ineligible for conventional fractionated radiotherapy.Methods:The early efficacy, survival and toxicity of inoperable patients ( n=64) with locally advanced/advanced NSCLC patients admitted to Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from 2014 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Hypofractionated radiotherapy (45 Gy/15f) were performed by using intensity-modulated radiotherapy or volumetric-modulated arc therapy technologies on Pinnacle 9 planning system. Results:The median follow-up time was 26 months. The early efficacy was available in 58 patients: complete response for 2 cases (3%), partial response for 22(38%), stable disease for 28(44%) and progressive disease for 6(9%), respectively. The local control rate was 90%. The median time to progression (TTP) and the median overall survival (OS) for all patients was 8.2 months and 21.0 months, respectively. The 1-, 2-and 3-year TTP rate was 37%, 28%, 14% and the OS rate was 66%, 43% and 27%, respectively. The incidence of esophagitis was 17%( n=11), 19%( n=12) for radiation pneumonitis and 20%( n=13) for myelosuppression. No grade ≥3 esophagitis or pneumonia was found. Conclusion:Hypofractionated radiotherapy (45 Gy/15f) is efficacious and safe for patients with locally advanced/advanced NSCLC, which yields controllable adverse events.

The characteristics of multi-source mobility datasets and how they reveal the luxury nature of social distancing in the U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemic

This study reveals the human mobility from various sources and the luxury nature of social distancing in the U.S during the COVID-19 pandemic by highlighting the disparities in mobility dynamics from lower-income and upper-income counties. We collect, process, and compute mobility data from four sources: 1) Apple mobility trend reports, 2) Google community mobility reports, 3) mobility data from Descartes Labs, and 4) Twitter mobility calculated via weighted distance. We further design a Responsive Index (RI) based on the time series of mobility change percentages to quantify the general degree of mobility-based responsiveness to COVID-19 at the U.S. county level. We find statistically significant positive correlations in the RI between either two data sources, revealing their general similarity, albeit with varying Pearsons r coefficients. Despite the similarity, however, mobility from each source presents unique and even contrasting characteristics, in part demonstrating the multifaceted nature of human mobility. The positive correlation between RI and income at the county level is significant in all mobility datasets, suggesting that counties with higher income tend to react more aggressively in terms of reducing more mobility in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Most states present a positive difference in RI between their upper-income and lower-income counties, where diverging patterns in time series of mobility changes percentages can be found. To our best knowledge, this is the first study that cross-compares multi-source mobility datasets. The findings shed light on not only the characteristics of multi-source mobility data but also the mobility patterns in tandem with the economic disparity. HighlightsO_LIHuman mobility data provide valuable insight into how we adjust our travel behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. C_LIO_LIHuman mobility records from Descartes Labs, Apple, Google, and Twitter are compared. C_LIO_LIMulti-source mobility datasets well capture the general impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mobility in the U.S. but present unique and even contrasting characteristics C_LIO_LIThe proposed responsive index quantifies the level of mobility-based reaction in response to the COVID-19 pandemic C_LIO_LIAll selected mobility datasets suggest a statistically significant positive correlation between the responsive index and median income at the U.S. county level. C_LI

The positive association between employment and self-reported mental health in the USA: a robust application of marginalized zero-inflated negative binomial regression (MZINB).

BACKGROUND: Few studies have assessed the impact of employment on mental health among chronically ill patients. This study investigated the association between employment and self-reported mental unhealthy days among US adults. METHODS: For this cross-sectional cohort study, we pooled 2011-2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey data. We examined the association between employment and mental health in nine self-reported chronic conditions using marginalized zero-inflated negative binomial regression (MZINB). All analyses were conducted using SAS statistical software 9.4. RESULTS: Respondents (weighted n = 245 319 917) were mostly white (77.16%), aged 18-64 (78.31%) and employed (57.08%). Approximately 10% of respondents reported one chronic condition. Expected relative risk of mental unhealthy days was highest for employed respondents living with arthritis (RR = 1.70, 95% CI = [1.66, 1.74]), COPD (RR = 1.45, 95% CI = [1.41, 1.49]) and stroke (RR = 1.31, 95% CI = [1.25, 1.36]) compared to unemployed respondents. Employed males had 25% lower risk of self-reported mental unhealthy days compared to females. CONCLUSIONS: Results show the interactive effects of employment on self-reported mental health. Employment may significantly impact on self-reported mental health among patients suffering from chronic conditions than those without chronic conditions.

Analysis of pregnancy outcomes of D6 single blastocyst transplantation in fresh and frozen-thawed cycles / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective:To compare the main clinical outcomes of Day 6 (D6) single blastocyst transplantation in fresh and frozen-thawed cycles.Methods:The data of fresh blastocyst transplantation patients and frozen-thawed blastocyst transplantation patients from January 2013 to December 2017 were retrospectively analysed. Fresh blastocyst transplantation and frozen-thawed blastocyst transplantation were matched in a ratio of 1∶3 by using propensity score matching, the matching factors included age, body mass index, thickness of endometrium and blastocyst grade. Totally 180 cases were included in the fresh cycle group and 540 cases in the frozen-thawed cycle group.Results:There was no significant difference in basal FSH between the two groups [(6.9±2.5) versus (6.4±3.8) U/L, P=0.334]. The positive rate of hCG in D6 blastocyst fresh cycle transplantation group [32.8%(59/180) versus 48.1%(260/540)], clinical pregnancy rate [28.9%(52/180) versus 43.5%(235/540)] and live birth rate [21.1%(38/180) versus 32.2%(174/540)] were lower than those of frozen-thawed cycle group (all P<0.05). The miscarriage rate was higher [26.9%(14/52) versus 24.7%(58/235)], but there was no statistical difference ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The clinical pregnancy outcome of D6 single blastocyst frozen-thawed cycle transplantation is better than that of fresh cycle. In order to obtain better clinical outcomes, frozen-thawed cycle transplantation of blastocysts formed on the 6th day is recommended.

Myeloid-derived growth factor improves blood glucose level in type 2 diabetic mice by promoting glucagon-like peptide 1 secretion / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of myeloid-derived growth factor ( MYDGF) on the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 ( GLP-1) in type 2 diabetic mice and its mechanism. Methods A type 2 diabetes model was established by injecting streptozotocin into C57BL/6J wild type ( WT) mice and MYDGF knockout ( KO) mice, which were divided into diabetic group ( WT-D, KO-D) and non-diabetic group ( WT-ND, KO-ND) . Six weeks later, the relevant indicators were detected. Next, those mice were divided into wild-type diabetes group (WT-GFP), wild-type diabetes MYDGF intervention group (WT-MYDGF), knockout type diabetes group (KO-GFP), and knockout type MYDGF intervention group ( KO-MYDG ) according to whether or not the AAV-MYDGF intervention was performed. The wild-type non-diabetic mice were used as a blank control group to observe the effects of MYDGF on biochemical indexes, GLP-1 secretion, and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase ( MEK)/extracellular regulated protein kinases ( ERK) signal pathway in mice. Results After 6 weeks of intervention, there was no significant difference in the glucose and lipid metabolism indexes between WT-ND and KO-ND groups ( P>0.05) . Compared with WT-D group, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1C, and blood lipid levels in KO-D group were increased, while gcg, pc3 mRNA, and GLP-1 secretion levels were decreased (all P<0.05). Compared with the WT-GFP group, FPG, HbA1C , and blood lipid levels were decreased in WT-MYDGF group, while gcg and pc3 mRNA, and GLP-1 secretion levels were increased (all P<0.05). KO group revealed a result similar to that in WT group after MYDGF intervention. Western blotting showed that the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 was lowered in KO diabetic mice compared with WT diabetic mice, which was enhanced in WT and KO mice after MYDGF intervention. Conclusions MYDGF promotes the secretion of GLP-1 by activating MEK/ERK signaling pathway, thereby delaying the development of diabetes.

Study on impulsivity and cognitive function in patients with manic episodes of bipolar Ⅰ disorder / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the role of impulsivity in manic episodes of bipolar I disorder and cognitive impairment. Methods Sixty-one patients with bipolar I manic-episode ( study group) and 43 healthy volunteers (control group) were included in the study,and the cognitive function and impulsivity of the subjects were assessed using the MATRICS consensus cognitive battery (MCCB) and BIS-11 impulsivity scale (BIS-11). The differences in impulsivity and cognitive function between the study group and control group were compared. Partial correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between impulsivity and cognitive function in patients with bipolar I manic episode. Results ( 1) The scores of several cognitive function in study group,were significantly lower than those in healthy control group including information pro-cessing speed,attention alertness,word learning,visual learning,working memory,reasoning and problem sol-ving (all P<0. 01). (2)The total score,motor factor score and cognitive factor score of BIS-11 impulse scale in study group were significantly higher than those in control group (58. 39±15. 77 vs 48. 02±11. 16,62. 09± 19. 01 vs 44. 24±21. 09,56. 97±16. 57 vs 50. 06±13. 87,all P<0. 05). Increased overall scores on the bis-11 impulse inventory may be a risk factor for bipolar I episodes( OR=1. 204,95% CI=1. 032-1. 404). (3) In study group,the total score of BIS-11 was negatively correlated with the speed of information processing, working memory,word learning,reasoning and problem solving,and the total score of MCCB(r=-0. 417,-0. 360,-0. 294,-0. 348,-0. 348,P<0. 05). The score of unplanned factor was negatively correlated with the speed of information processing,word learning,the total score of MCCB(r=-0. 397,-0. 302,-0. 358,P<0. 05). The score of cognitive factor was negatively correlated with the speed of information processing,work-ing memory,word learning,reasoning and problem solving,and the total score of MCCB(r=-0. 327,-0. 351,-0. 374,-0. 391,-0. 463,P<0. 05). The score of motor factor was negatively correlated with working memo-ry and the total score of MCCB(r=0. 370,r=0. 389,P<0. 05). Conclusion High impulsivity is a risk factor for manic episodes of bipolar I disorder and may be associated with cognitive impairment in patients with ma-nic episodes of bipolar I disorder.

Efficacy and Related Factors of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Ulcerative Colitis / 胃肠病学

Background: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has become a new method for treating some complicated intestinal diseases, and has achieved remarkable effects in the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Aims: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and possible influencing factors of FMT on the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods: Clinical trials of FMT for the treatment of UC were retrieved from PubMed, Medline, Embase, CNKI, Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted by RevMan 5.3 software. And influences of different factors on efficacy of FMT were analyzed by meta-analysis of single rate. Results: Eleven clinical trials including 4 RCTs and 7 non-RCTs were included. Meta-analysis for 4 RCTs showed that clinical remission rate and efficacy rate were significantly increased in FMT group than in control group (OR=2.89, 95% CI: 1.70-4.92, P<0.000 01; OR=2.70, 95% CI: 1.31-5.57, P=0.007). Meta-analysis of single rate showed that clinical remission rate was significantly increased in lower digestive tract transplantation group than in upper digestive tract transplantation group (39% vs. 19%, P=0.037), however, no significant difference in clinical remission rate was found among different donor selection groups (P=0.967). Conclusions: The efficacy of FMT for treatment of UC is affirmative, the effect of transplantation through lower digestive tract is better, and the effect is not related with specific donor.