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ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MethodsFrom May to October, 2021, twelve patients with T2DM were recruited with internet. An HIIT exercise intervention based on WHO Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour and World Health Organization Family of International Classifications (WHO-FICs) was constructed. They received aerobic combined with resistance training in a multi-combination HIIT using whole-body exercise, 30 to 35 minutes a time, three times a week, for eight weeks. Before and after intervention, their blood glucose levels, lipid levels, pancreatic fat content and body composition were measured. ResultsOne cased was dropped. After intervention, the fasting glucose, 2-hour postprandial glucose, hemoglobin A1c, fasting serum insulin, insulin resistance index, serum total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, pancreatic fat content, body weight, body mass index, and body fat percentage improved (t > 2.258, P < 0.05). ConclusionHIIT exercise intervention based on the Guidelines and WHO-FICs could improve the related functions of patients with T2DM, such as blood glucose levels, blood lipid levels, pancreatic fat content and body composition, and reduce the consumption of hypoglycemic drugs.
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Objective:To construct the molecular transmission network of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) epidemic strains in northern Zhejiang Province (Jiaxing City and Huzhou City) and to explore the HIV-1 transmission characteristics in this region.Methods:A total of 371 newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients in Jiaxing City and Huzhou City in 2017 were included as study subjects, and the blood samples were collected and the basic demographic and epidemiological information were obtained. RNA in plasma was extracted, and the pol region gene sequence was amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to construct phylogenetic tree for identifying subtypes. The pairwise genetic distances were calculated, and the optimal threshold of genetic distance was selected, and finally the molecular transmission network was constructed. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results:The pol region gene sequences of 336 samples were successfully obtained, and 11 subtypes were detected, mainly including circulating recombinant form (CRF)07_BC (40.8%, 137/336) and CRF01_AE (31.2%, 105/336). Based on the 1.0% genetic distance threshold, the molecular transmission network of HIV-1 was plotted. A total of 38 transmission clusters (cluster sizes ranging from two to 28) including 119 patients were found, with males predominantly (82.4%, 98/119) and most of the patients aged over 40 (include 40) years old (52.9%, 63/119), mainly infected with CRF07_BC subtype (57.1%, 68/119) and CRF01_AE (24.4%, 29/119). The clustering rate of CRF07_BC (49.6%, 68/137) was significantly higher than that of CRF01_AE (27.6%, 29/105), the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=5.27, P=0.022). Two large clusters C1 (28 cases) and C2 (11 cases) were identified, the majority of which were men who have sex with men (17 cases and seven cases, respectively). High-risk cases generally sought sexual partners in local or nearby cities through mobile phone dating software, of which the infected sequences mostly had high homology with other economic developed regions (Guangdong Province, Beijing City and Hangzhou City, etc.). Conclusions:The HIV-1 subtypes are diverse in Jiaxing City and Huzhou City, mainly CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE. The HIV-1 transmission networks are complex, among which high-risk cases may be the key factor leading to the HIV-1 epidemic in the region. Therefore, it is urgent to deepen the transmission network monitoring and formulate timely precise intervention and prevention strategies.
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Objective To understand the characteristics of distribution on HIV-1 subtypes and the transmission clusters in Yiwu in Zhejiang province.Methods A cross-sectional study of molecular epidemiology was carried out on newly reported H1V/AIDS cases in Yiwu.RNA was extracted from 168 plasma samples,followed by RT-PCR and nest-PCR for pol gene amplification,sequencing,phylogenetic tree construction used for analyzing the subtypes and transmission clusters.Mutations on drug resistance was analyzed by CPR 6.0 online tool.Results Subjects were mainly males (86.3％,145/168),with average age as (39.1 ± 13.4) years old and most of them were migrants (66.7％,112/168).The major routes of transmission included homosexual (51.2％,86/168) and heterosexual (48.8％,82/168) contacts.The rate of success for sequence acquisition was 89.9％ (151/168).The dominant subtypes showed as CRF01_AE (74,49.0％) and CRF07_BC (64,42.4％),followed by CRF08_BC (5,3.3％),CRF55_01B (3,2.0％),each case of subtype B,CRF45_cpx,CRF59_01B,CRF85_BC and URF (B/C).CRF45_cpx and CRF85_BC were discovered the first time in Zhejiang province.Twenty-six transmission clusters involving 65 cases were found,with the total clustered rate as 43.0％ (65/151),in which the CRF01_AE clustered rate appeared as 54.1％ (40/74),higher than that of CRF07_BC (21/64,32.8％).The average size of cluster was 2.5 cases/cluster,with average size of cluster in CRF01_AE patients infected through heterosexual transmission as the largest (3.5 cases/cluster).The prevalence of transmitted drug resistance was 4.6％ (7/151).Seven cases with surveillance drug resistant mutations (SDRM) were found,including 5 cases of M46L (3.3％),and one case of F77L or Y181C.Conclusion HIV genetic diversity and a variety of transmission clusters had been noticed in this study area (Yiwu).Programs on monitoring the subtypes and transmission clusters should be continued and strengthened.
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Objective To understand the characteristics of distribution on HIV-1 subtypes and the transmission clusters in Yiwu in Zhejiang province.Methods A cross-sectional study of molecular epidemiology was carried out on newly reported H1V/AIDS cases in Yiwu.RNA was extracted from 168 plasma samples,followed by RT-PCR and nest-PCR for pol gene amplification,sequencing,phylogenetic tree construction used for analyzing the subtypes and transmission clusters.Mutations on drug resistance was analyzed by CPR 6.0 online tool.Results Subjects were mainly males (86.3％,145/168),with average age as (39.1 ± 13.4) years old and most of them were migrants (66.7％,112/168).The major routes of transmission included homosexual (51.2％,86/168) and heterosexual (48.8％,82/168) contacts.The rate of success for sequence acquisition was 89.9％ (151/168).The dominant subtypes showed as CRF01_AE (74,49.0％) and CRF07_BC (64,42.4％),followed by CRF08_BC (5,3.3％),CRF55_01B (3,2.0％),each case of subtype B,CRF45_cpx,CRF59_01B,CRF85_BC and URF (B/C).CRF45_cpx and CRF85_BC were discovered the first time in Zhejiang province.Twenty-six transmission clusters involving 65 cases were found,with the total clustered rate as 43.0％ (65/151),in which the CRF01_AE clustered rate appeared as 54.1％ (40/74),higher than that of CRF07_BC (21/64,32.8％).The average size of cluster was 2.5 cases/cluster,with average size of cluster in CRF01_AE patients infected through heterosexual transmission as the largest (3.5 cases/cluster).The prevalence of transmitted drug resistance was 4.6％ (7/151).Seven cases with surveillance drug resistant mutations (SDRM) were found,including 5 cases of M46L (3.3％),and one case of F77L or Y181C.Conclusion HIV genetic diversity and a variety of transmission clusters had been noticed in this study area (Yiwu).Programs on monitoring the subtypes and transmission clusters should be continued and strengthened.
