[Curative effect analysis of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in patients with cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in the treatment of cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type(CSA). METHODS: The clinical data of 42 patients with CSA from January 2020 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 25 males and 17 females, aged from 30 to 74 years old with an average of (53.9±11.0) years old. There were 18 cases with single-segment lesions, 17 cases with two-segment lesions, and 7 cases with three-segment lesions. The American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery's Hearing and Balance Committee score (CHE), the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and the cervical curvature Cobb angle were recorded before surgery and after surgery at 6 months. RESULTS: All 42 ACDF patients were followed up for 6 to 30 months with an average of (14.0±5.2) months. The operative time ranged from 95 to 220 min with an average of (160.38±36.77) min, the intraoperative blood loss ranged from 30 to 85 ml with an average of (53.60±18.98) ml. Tow patients had mild postoperative dysphagia, which improved with symptomatic treatment such as nebulized inhalation. CHE score decreased from (4.05±0.96) preoperatively to (2.40±0.70) at 6 months postoperatively (t=12.97, P<0.05). The number of improved vertigo at 6 months postoperatively was 38, with an improvement rate of 90.5%. NDI score was reduced from (34.43±8.04) preoperatively to (20.76±3.91) at 6 months postoperatively (t=11.83, P<0.05). The cervical curvature Cobb angle improved from (8.04±6.70)° preoperatively to (12.42±5.23)° at 6 months postoperatively (t=-15.96, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The ACDF procedure has outstanding clinical efficacy in treating CSA. The operation can rapidly relieve patients' episodic vertigo symptoms by relieving bony compression and reconstructing cervical curvature. However, it is necessary to strictly grasp the indications for surgery and clarify the causes of vertigo in patients, and ACDF surgery is recommended for CSA patients for whom conservative treatment is ineffective.

Role of hsa_circ_0007482 in pterygium development: insights into proliferation, apoptosis, and clinical correlations.

AIM: To investigate the impact of hsa_circ_0007482 on the proliferation and apoptosis of human pterygium fibroblasts (HPFs) and its correlation with the severity grades of pterygium. METHODS: Pterygium and normal conjunctival tissues were collected from the superior area of the same patient's eye (n=33). The correlation between pterygium severity and hsa_circ_0007482 expression using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were analyzed. Three distinct siRNA sequences targeting hsa_circ_0007482, along with a negative control sequence, were transfected into HPFs. Cell proliferation was assessed using the cell counting kit-8. Expression levels of Ki67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Cyclin D1, Bax, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and Caspase-3 were measured via RT-qPCR. Immunofluorescence staining was employed to detect Ki67 and vimentin expressions. Apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry. RESULTS: Hsa_circ_0007482 expression was significantly higher in pterygium tissues compared to normal conjunctival tissues (P<0.001). Positive correlations were observed between hsa_circ_0007482 expression and pterygium severity, thickness, and vascular density. Knockdown of hsa_circ_0007482 inhibited cell proliferation, reducing the mRNA expression of Ki67, PCNA, and Cyclin D1 in HPFs. Hsa_circ_0007482 knockdown induced apoptosis, increasing mRNA expression levels of Bax and Caspase-3, while decreasing Bcl-2 expression in HPFs. Additionally, hsa_circ_0007482 knockdown attenuated vimentin expression in HPFs. CONCLUSION: The downregulation of hsa_circ_0007482 effectively hampers cell proliferation and triggers apoptosis in HPFs. There are discernible positive correlations detected between the expression of hsa_circ_0007482 and the severity of pterygium.

Cross-linked Sodium Hyaluronate Gel with PLLA-b-PEG Microsphere for Facial Contouring in Chinese: A Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND: In Asia, the demand for cosmetic facial treatments has surged due to technological advancements, increased social acceptability, and affordability. Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) fillers, known for their biocompatibility and biodegradability, have emerged as a popular choice for facial contouring, yet studies specifically addressing their use in Asian populations are scarce. METHODS: This retrospective study examined 30 Chinese patients who underwent facial contouring with PLLA fillers, focusing on product composition, injection techniques, and safety measures. A comprehensive clinical evaluation was performed, including the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) and Global Impression of Change Scale (GICS) for effectiveness and patient satisfaction, respectively. RESULTS: No significant difference in GAIS scores was observed between injectors and blinded evaluators over a 12-month period, indicating consistent effectiveness. Patient satisfaction remained high, with GICS scores reflecting positive outcomes. The safety profile was favorable, with no serious adverse events reported. The study highlighted the importance of anatomical knowledge to avoid complications, particularly in areas prone to blindness. CONCLUSIONS: PLLA fillers offer a safe, effective option for facial contour correction in the Asian population, achieving high patient satisfaction and maintaining results over time. The study underscores the need for tailored approaches in cosmetic procedures for Asians, considering their unique facial structures and aesthetic goals. Further research with larger, multicenter cohorts is recommended to validate these findings and explore long-term effects. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Emergence of Optical Anisotropy in Moiré Superlattice via Heterointerface Engineering.

The interaction between light and moiré superlattices presents a platform for exploring unique light-matter phenomena. Tailoring these optical properties holds immense potential for advancing the utilization of moiré superlattices in photonics, optoelectronics, and valleytronics. However, the control of the optical polarization state in moiré superlattices, particularly in the presence of moiré effects, remains elusive. Here, we unveil the emergence of optical anisotropy in moiré superlattices by constructing twisted WSe2/WSe2/SiP heterostructures. We report a linear polarization degree of ∼70% for moiré excitons, attributed to the spatially nonuniform charge distribution, corroborated by first-principles calculations. Furthermore, we demonstrate the modulation of this linear polarization state via the application of a magnetic field, resulting in polarization angle rotation and a magnetic-field-dependent linear polarization degree, influenced by valley coherence and moiré potential effects. Our findings demonstrate an efficient strategy for tuning the optical polarization state of moiré superlattices using heterointerface engineering.

Psychological distress, sexual satisfaction and quality of life of gynaecological cancer patients and their spouses during cancer survivorship: A comparison of husbands and wives.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the psychological distress, sexual satisfaction, and quality of life of gynaecological cancer survivors and their spouses during cancer survivorship. BACKGROUND: The survival rate of patients with cancer is increasing owing to advances in medical treatment technology. Spouses are the closest companions of gynaecological cancer survivors. Patients with gynaecological cancer and their spouses face different situations and challenges after experiencing cancer invasion. DESIGN: Questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. METHODS: Convenience sampling was employed, and 180 participants, including patients with gynaecological cancer and their spouses, were enrolled. A structured questionnaire was used to investigate the psychological distress, sexual satisfaction, and quality of life of gynaecological cancer survivors and their spouses during acute, extended, and permanent survivorship. The STROBE checklist guided the study preparation. RESULTS: For gynaecological cancer survivors and their spouses, (1) severe psychological distress was present during acute survivorship, with anxiety extending until permanent survivorship; (2) no significant differences were observed in pre- and post-treatment sexual satisfaction, although pre-treatment sexual satisfaction was higher than post-treatment sexual satisfaction in all three cancer survivorship stages and (3) quality of life decreased during acute survivorship and gradually improved with time. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological distress, sexual satisfaction and quality of life of gynaecological cancer survivors and their spouses worsened during acute survivorship and improved over time until permanent survivorship. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Gynaecological cancer survivors and their spouses experience anxiety and depression from diagnosis confirmation until permanent survivorship (>5 years survival). Therefore, clinical nurses' sensitivity to emotional distress in cancer survivors and their spouses can be improved and a consistent and routine evaluation method has been established for the early detection of such emotional distress. The results of this study can provide a reference for clinical healthcare professionals and contribute to a better quality of care.

Anomalous Phonon Behavior and Tunable Exciton Emissions: Insights into Pressure-Driven Dynamics in Silicon Phosphide.

IV-V two-dimensional materials have emerged as key contenders for polarization-sensitive and angle-resolved devices, given their inherent anisotropic physical properties. While these materials exhibit intriguing high-pressure quasi-particle behavior and phase transition, the evolution of quasi-particles and their interactions under external pressure remain elusive. Here, employing a diamond anvil cell and spectroscopic measurements coupled with first-principles calculations, we unveil rarely observed pressure-induced phonon-phonon coupling in layered SiP flakes. This coupling manifests as an anomalous phonon hardening behavior for the A1 mode within a broad wavenumber phonon softening region. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effective tuning of exciton emissions in SiP flakes under pressure, revealing a remarkable 63% enhancement in the degree of polarization (DOP) within the pressure range of 0-3.5 GPa. These findings contribute to our understanding of high-pressure phonon evolution in SiP materials and offer a strategic approach to manipulate the anisotropic performance of in-plane anisotropic 2D materials.

van der Waals Engineering of Charge Density Waves in One-Dimensional Nb6Te6 Nanowires.

One-dimensional (1D) systems have played a crucial role in the development of fundamental physics and practical applications. Recently, transition metal monochalcogenide (TMM) wires based on molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) have emerged as promising platforms for investigating 1D physics in pure van der Waals (vdW) platforms. Here, we report on the bottom-up fabrication of Nb6Te6 wires down to the single-wire limit. The unique properties of Nb6Te6 single wire enable the realization of 1D charge density wave (CDW) phases in an isolated single TMM wire. Moreover, we revealed the appealing regulation of 1D CDW orders by van der Waals interactions at either the 1D-2D interface (i.e., rotation of a single wire along its wire axis) or the 1D-1D interface. Two rotation angles (30° and 0°) give rise to 3 × 1 and zigzag chain CDW morphologies, respectively, which exhibit pronounced differences in atomic displacement by a factor of 2. The interwire vdW coupling overwhelms its counterpart at the 1D-2D interface, thus locking the rotation angle (at 0°) as well as the interwire atomic registries. In contrast, interestingly, the phases of the charge oscillations are independent of the adjacent wires. The ability to tailor 1D charge orders provides a crucial addition to the toll set of vdW integrations beyond two-dimensional materials.

Individualized management of immunosuppressants in liver transplant recipients by using a novel immune score system.

BACKGROUND: There is no reliable means to evaluate the immune status of liver transplant recipients. We proposed a novel score model, namely Mingdao immune cell analysis and Mingdao immune score system, to quantify the immunity. METHODS: Data from those who underwent a single liver transplant between January 2017 and June 2020 at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, were collected. In addition, healthy volunteers were also enrolled. The score model was based on the immune cell populations determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: There were a total of 376 healthy controls with 376 tests and 148 liver transplant recipients with 284 tests in this study. Evaluated by Mingdao immune cell analysis and Mingdao immune score system, the mean scores of healthy controls were near zero suggesting a balanced immune system. In contrast, the mean scores of liver transplant recipients were negative both before and after surgery indicating a compromised immune system. When liver transplant recipients were given a reduced or routine first dose according to their preoperative score, they had similar recovery of liver function. Moreover, liver transplant recipients with increased scores ≥ 5 were associated with elevated aspartate transaminase and alanine amiotransferase. Finally, on multivariate analysis the score model was the only significant independent risk factor for clinical acute rejection (P = 0.021; Odds ratio, 0.913; 95% confidence interval, 0.845-0.987). CONCLUSION: The novel score model could be used as an indicator to reflect immunity and to regulate immunosuppressants in liver transplant recipients after surgery.

Development of an innovative eugenol and borax-based orodispersible film for enhanced treatment of mouth ulcers.

Orodispersible films (ODFs) have emerged as an advanced and patient-friendly delivery system due to ease of administration, improved patient compliance, quick release and taste-masking of active pharmaceutical ingredients. This research reports the preparation of the ODF containing eugenol and borax (EB-ODF) by a solvent casting technique for treating mouth ulcers. The EB-ODF consisted of vinyl pyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer (Kollidon® VA64, VA64) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC-K250) as the film formers where eugenol and borax were loaded. The thickness of the EB-ODF obtained was 0.119 ± 0.001 mm and the tensile strength was 13.1 ± 1.1 N/mm2 (p > 0.05). The prepared films disintegrated in the oral cavity within 30 s and over 90% of the eugenol was released from the film in the first 5 min. Furthermore, the combined application of eugenol and borax, loaded in EB-ODF, displayed notable synergetic antibacterial property against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. In an in-vivo study on a rat model with chemical burn-induced oral ulcers, the EB-ODF treatment group had a 100% reduction in ulcer area (p > 0.05) after 10 days of treatment and demonstrated a 38.7% higher reduction in oral ulcer area compared to the Dingpeng Cream treatment group (p < 0.0001). The EB-ODF treatment group showed minimal oral irritation, scoring only 1 point and a 65% preference in the taste tests (p < 0.0001). In summary, EB-ODF had successfully overcome the poor palatability of commercially available formulation and provided notable potential for further ulcer treatment product development.

Discovery of novel coumarin-based KRAS-G12C inhibitors from virtual screening and Rational structural optimization.

KRAS-G12C inhibitors has been made significant progress in the treatment of KRAS-G12C mutant cancers, but their clinical application is limited due to the adaptive resistance, motivating development of novel structural inhibitors. Herein, series of coumarin derivatives as KRAS-G12C inhibitors were found through virtual screening and rational structural optimization. Especially, K45 exhibited strong antiproliferative potency on NCI-H23 and NCI-H358 cancer cells harboring KRAS-G12C with the IC50 values of 0.77 µM and 1.50 µM, which was 15 and 11 times as potent as positive drug ARS1620, respectively. Furthermore, K45 reduced the phosphorylation of KRAS downstream effectors ERK and AKT by reducing the active form of KRAS (KRAS GTP) in NCI-H23 cells. In addition, K45 induced cell apoptosis by increasing the expression of anti-apoptotic protein BAD and BAX in NCI-H23 cells. Docking studies displayed that the 3-naphthylmethoxy moiety of K45 extended into the cryptic pocket formed by the residues Gln99 and Val9, which enhanced the interaction with the KRAS-G12C protein. These results indicated that K45 was a potent KRAS-G12C inhibitor worthy of further study.

LLPS of FXR proteins drives replication organelle clustering for ß-coronaviral proliferation.

ß-Coronaviruses remodel host endomembranes to form double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) as replication organelles (ROs) that provide a shielded microenvironment for viral RNA synthesis in infected cells. DMVs are clustered, but the molecular underpinnings and pathophysiological functions remain unknown. Here, we reveal that host fragile X-related (FXR) family proteins (FXR1/FXR2/FMR1) are required for DMV clustering induced by expression of viral non-structural proteins (Nsps) Nsp3 and Nsp4. Depleting FXRs results in DMV dispersion in the cytoplasm. FXR1/2 and FMR1 are recruited to DMV sites via specific interaction with Nsp3. FXRs form condensates driven by liquid-liquid phase separation, which is required for DMV clustering. FXR1 liquid droplets concentrate Nsp3 and Nsp3-decorated liposomes in vitro. FXR droplets facilitate recruitment of translation machinery for efficient translation surrounding DMVs. In cells depleted of FXRs, SARS-CoV-2 replication is significantly attenuated. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 exploits host FXR proteins to cluster viral DMVs via phase separation for efficient viral replication.

Sexual dysfunction in women with primary Sjögren's syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an inflammatory autoimmune condition affecting the exocrine glands, which can adversely affect the sexual activities of women with pSS. OBJECTIVES: The study sought to evaluate the performance of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) score in women with pSS regarding desire, arousal, orgasm, lubrication, satisfaction, and pain compared with those of healthy individuals. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted by examining studies published up to May 2023 using Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed with the search terms "sexual" and "Sjögren's syndrome." RESULTS: Out of the 228 articles retrieved, 9 met the criteria for inclusion in this systematic review. Six of these studies were cross-sectional, involving 229 women with pSS and 303 control subjects. Results from the meta-analysis showed that women with pSS had significantly lower scores in all 6 FSFI subdomains and the total FSFI score compared with healthy individuals. Lubrication showed the largest decrease, followed by pain. In addition, women with pSS exhibited significantly higher standardized mean differences in depression and in anxiety, as assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, when compared with control subjects. CONCLUSION: This updated meta-analysis underscores the importance of assessing genitourinary atrophy, disease-related psychological changes, and dyspareunia in women with pSS. It also emphasizes the need for customized therapeutic approaches to address these sexual dysfunctions effectively.

[Development and in vivo biomechanics of goat mobile artificial lumbar spine complex].

OBJECTIVE: Mobile artificial lumbar complex (MALC) which suitable for reconstruction after subtotal lumbar resection in goats was developed,and to test stability of the complex and postoperative lumbar segmental motor function. METHODS: Eighteen male boer goats aged from 1 to 2 years old (weighted from 35 to 45 kg) were selected and divided into control group,fusion group and non-fusion group,with 6 goats in each group. According to preoperative CT scans and MRI examinations of lumbar,the goat MALC was designed and performed by 3D printed for non-fusion group. Operation was performed on three groups respectively,and only vertebral body and disc were exposed in control group. In fusion group,L4 part of vertebral body and the upper and lower complete disc tissues were removed,and the lumbar spine bone plate fixation was performed with titanium mesh bone grafting. In non-fusion group,vertebral body and disc were removed in the same way,and MALC was implanted. AP and lateral X-rays of lumbar vertebrae in goat were taken at 6 months after surgery,in order to understand whether the plant was dislocated,displaced and fractured. Biomechanical tests were performed on the specimens by mechanical instrument to measure range of motion (ROM) of L2,3,L3,4,L4,5 intervertebral space and the overall ROM of L2-5 lumbar vertebrae. RESULTS: MALC of lumbar vertebra was designed by 3D printing,and its component artificial vertebrae and upper and lower artificial end plates were manufactured. The semi-spherical structure was fabricated by precision lathe using high-crosslinked polyethylene material,and the prosthesis was assembled. Postoperative AP and lateral X-rays of lumbar vertebra at 6 months showed the implant position of implant and MALC were good without displacement and dislocation. In vitro biomechanical test of lumbar vertebrae specimens:(1) There were no statistical significance in ROM of lumbar intervertebral space flexion and extension,lateral flexion and rotation on L3,4 and L4,5,between non-fusion group and control group (P>0.05),while ROM of fusion group was significantly reduced compared with the other two groups (P<0.05). There were no significant difference in ROM of L2,3 intervertebral flexion and extension,lateral flexion and rotation between non-fusion group and control group (P>0.05),while fusion group was significantly increased compared with the other two groups (P<0.001). (2) There was no significant difference in overall lumbar ROM of L2-5 (P> 0.05). CONCLUSION: The individual MALC could restore intervertebral height of lumbar vertebra while maintaining the stability of lumbar vertebra and re-establishing motor function of lumbar space.

Kinase PIM1 governs ferroptosis to reduce retinal microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction triggered by high glucose.

Previous studies have implicated targeting Pim-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (PIM1) as a preventive measure against high glucose-induced cellular stress and apoptosis. This study aimed to reveal the potential role and regulatory mechanism of PIM1 in diabetic retinopathy. Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRMECs) underwent high glucose induction, and fluctuations in PIM1 levels were assessed. By overexpressing PIM1, its effects on the levels of inflammatory factors, oxidative stress indicators, migration and tube formation abilities, tight junction protein expression levels, and ferroptosis in hRMECs were identified. Afterwards, hRMECs were treated with the ferroptosis-inducing agent erastin, and the effect of erastin on the above PIM1 regulatory functions was focused on. PIM1 was downregulated upon high glucose, and its overexpression inhibited the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, cell migration, and tube formation potential in hRMECs, whereas elevated tight junction protein levels. Furthermore, PIM1 overexpression reduced intracellular iron ion levels, lipid peroxidation, and levels of proteins actively involved in ferroptosis. Erastin treatment reversed the impacts of PIM1 on hRMECs, suggesting the mediation of ferroptosis in PIM1 regulation. The current study has yielded critical insights into the role of PIM1 in ameliorating high glucose-induced hRMEC dysfunction through the inhibition of ferroptosis.

Purinergic P2X7 receptor involves in anti-retinal photodamage effects of berberine.

Berberine (BBR) is a Chinese herb with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In a previous study, we found that BBR had a protective effect against light-induced retinal degeneration in BALB/c mice. The purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) plays a key role in retinal degeneration via inducing oxidative stress, inflammatory changes, and cell death. The aim of this study was to investigate whether BBR can induce protective effects in light damage experiments and whether P2X7R can get involved in these effects. C57BL/6 J mice and P2X7 knockout (KO) mice on the C57BL/6 J background were used. We found that BBR preserved the outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness and retinal ganglion cells following light stimulation. Furthermore, BBR significantly suppressed photoreceptor apoptosis, pro-apoptotic c-fos expression, pro-inflammatory responses of Mϋller cells, and inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1ß). In addition, protein levels of P2X7R were downregulated in BBR-treated mice. Double immunofluorescence showed that BBR reduced overexpression of P2X7R in retinal ganglion cells and Mϋller cells. Furthermore, BBR combined with the P2X7R agonist BzATP blocked the effects of BBR on retinal morphology and photoreceptor apoptosis. However, in P2X7 KO mice, BBR had an additive effect resulting in thicker ONL and more photoreceptors. The data suggest that the P2X7 receptor is involved in retinal light damage, and BBR inhibits this process by reducing histological impairment, cell death, and inflammatory responses.

S-9-PAHSA's neuroprotective effect mediated by CAIII suppresses apoptosis and oxidative stress in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND: With the rapidly increasing prevalence of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), neuronal complications associated with these diseases have resulted in significant burdens on healthcare systems. Meanwhile, effective therapies have remained insufficient. A novel fatty acid called S-9-PAHSA has been reported to provide metabolic benefits in T2DM by regulating glucose metabolism. However, whether S-9-PAHSA has a neuroprotective effect in mouse models of T2DM remains unclear. METHODS: This in vivo study in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 5 months used fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance, and insulin tolerance tests to examine the effect of S-9-PAHSA on glucose metabolism. The Morris water maze test was also used to assess the impact of S-9-PAHSA on cognition in the mice, while the neuroprotective effect of S-9-PAHSA was evaluated by measuring the expression of proteins related to apoptosis and oxidative stress. In addition, an in vitro study in PC12 cells assessed apoptosis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial membrane potential with or without CAIII knockdown to determine the role of CAIII in the neuroprotective effect of S-9-PAHSA. RESULTS: S-9-PAHSA reduced fasting blood glucose levels significantly, increased insulin sensitivity in the HFD mice and also suppressed apoptosis and oxidative stress in the cortex of the mice and PC12 cells in a diabetic setting. By suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis, S-9-PAHSA protected both neuronal cells and microvascular endothelial cells in in vivo and in vitro diabetic environments. Interestingly, this protective effect of S-9-PAHSA was reduced significantly when CAIII was knocked down in the PC12 cells, suggesting that CAIII has a major role in the neuroprotective effect of S-9-PAHSA. However, overexpression of CAIII did not significantly enhance the protective effect of S-9-PAHSA. CONCLUSION: S-9-PAHSA mediated by CAIII has the potential to exert a neuroprotective effect by suppressing apoptosis and oxidative stress in neuronal cells exposed to diabetic conditions. Furthermore, S-9-PAHSA has the capability to reduce fasting blood glucose and LDL levels and enhance insulin sensitivity in mice fed with HFD.

Biomechanical Research of Three Parallel Cannulated Compression Screws in Oblique Triangle Configuration for Fixation of Femoral Neck Unstable Fractures.

OBJECTIVE: Surgical treatment with internal fixation, specifically percutaneous fixation with three cannulated compression screws (CCSs), is the preferred choice for young and middle-aged patients. The mechanical advantage of the optimal spatial configuration with three screws provides maximum dispersion and cortical support. We suspect that the spatial proportion of the oblique triangle configuration (OTC) in the cross-section of the femoral neck isthmus (FNI) may significantly improve shear and fatigue resistance of the fixed structure, thereby stabilizing the internal fixation system in femoral neck fracture (FNF). This study aims to explore the mechanical features of OTC and provide a mechanical basis for its clinical application. METHODS: Twenty Sawbone femurs were prepared as Pauwels type III FNF models and divided equally into two fixation groups: OTC and inverted equilateral triangle configuration (IETC). Three 7.3 mm diameter cannulated compression screws (CCSs) were used for fixation. The specimens of FNF after screw internal fixation were subjected to static loading and cyclic loading tests, respectively, with five specimens for each test. Axial stiffness, 5 mm failure load, ultimate load, shear displacement, and frontal rotational angle of two fragments were evaluated. In the cyclic loading test, the load sizes were 700 N, 1400 N, and 2100 N, respectively, and the fracture end displacement was recorded. Results were presented as means ± SD. Data with normal distributions were compared by the Student's t test. RESULTS: In the static loading test, the axial stiffness, ultimate load, shear displacement, and frontal rotational angle of two fragments were (738.64 vs. 620.74) N/mm, (2957.61 vs. 2643.06) N, (4.67 vs. 5.39) mm, and (4.01 vs. 5.52)° (p < 0.05), respectively. Comparison between the femoral head displacement after 10,000 cycles of 700N cyclic loading and total displacement after 20,000 cycles of 700-1400N cyclic loading showed the OTC group was less than the IETC group (p < 0.05). A comparison of femoral head displacement after 10,000 cycles of 1400N and 2100N cycles and total displacement after 30,000 cycles of 700-2100N cycles showed the OTC group was less than another group, but the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: When three CCSs are inserted in parallel to fix FNF, the OTC of three screws has obvious biomechanical advantages, especially in shear resistance and early postoperative weight-bearing, which provides a mechanical basis for clinical selection of ideal spatial configuration for unstable FNF.

The Association Between Dietary Magnesium Intake and Pulmonary Function: Recent Fndings from NHANES 2007-2012.

This article aims to study the correlation between dietary magnesium intake and pulmonary function, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. This cross-sectional study examined representative samples of adults from the USA (n = 818; NHANES 2007-2012) to explore the correlation between magnesium intake and pulmonary function. We obtained the average magnesium intake over 2 days, as well as measured pulmonary function parameters, including forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow rate (PEF), and forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of FVC (FEF25-75%). Weighted multivariable linear regression was used to investigate the relationship between magnesium intake and pulmonary function. Additionally, subgroup analyses, interaction tests, and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Weighted multiple linear regression models revealed a significant positive correlation between magnesium and pulmonary function, even after adjusting for all included confounding variables. When we categorized magnesium intake into tertiles, we found that participants in the highest tertile of magnesium intake had significantly higher values for FVC (ß: 898.54, 95%CI: 211.82-1585.25), FEV1 (ß: 858.16, 95%CI: 212.41-1503.91), FEV1/FVC (ß: 0.024, 95%CI: 0.004-0.044), PEF (ß: 1324.52, 95%CI: 481.71-2167.33), and FEF25-75% (ß: 831.39, 95%CI: 84.93-1577.84). Upon stratifying the data by age and sex, it was observed that this positive correlation was particularly pronounced among men aged 40-79. At the same time, the stability of the results was further confirmed by sensitivity analyses. This study suggested that dietary magnesium intake may improve pulmonary function.

Observation of Emergent Superconductivity in the Topological Insulator Ta2Pd3Te5 via Pressure Manipulation.

Topological insulators offer significant potential to revolutionize diverse fields driven by nontrivial manifestations of their topological electronic band structures. However, the realization of superior integration between exotic topological states and superconductivity for practical applications remains a challenge, necessitating a profound understanding of intricate mechanisms. Here, we report experimental observations for a novel superconducting phase in the pressurized second-order topological insulator candidate Ta2Pd3Te5, and the high-pressure phase maintains its original ambient pressure lattice symmetry up to 45 GPa. Our in situ high-pressure synchrotron X-ray diffraction, electrical transport, infrared reflectance, and Raman spectroscopy measurements, in combination with rigorous theoretical calculations, provide compelling evidence for the association between the superconducting behavior and the densified phase. The electronic state change around 20 GPa was found to modify the topology of the Fermi surface directly, which synergistically fosters the emergence of robust superconductivity. In-depth comprehension of the fascinating properties exhibited by the compressed Ta2Pd3Te5 phase is achieved, highlighting the extraordinary potential of topological insulators for exploring and investigating high-performance electronic advanced devices under extreme conditions.