[Neuropsychological development of human immunodeficiency virus-exposed uninfected infants/young children]. / äººç±»å ç–«ç¼ºé™·ç— æ¯’æš´éœ²æœªæ„ŸæŸ“å©´å¹¼å„¿çš„ç¥žç»å¿ƒç†å‘è‚²çŠ¶å†µ.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the level of neuropsychological development in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants/young children and the influence of maternal HIV infection on the neuropsychological development of HEU infants/young children. METHODS: A total of 141 HEU infants/young children, aged 0-18 months and born to HIV-infected mothers, who were managed in four maternal and child health care hospitals in Yunnan Province of China from June 2019 to December 2020 and met the inclusion criteria were enrolled as the HEU group. A total of 141 HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) infants/young children who were born to healthy mothers and managed in the same hospitals, matched at a ratio of 1:1 based on sex, age, method of birth, birth weight, and gestational age, were enrolled as controls. Griffiths Development Scales-Chinese Edition was used to assess the development in the five domains of locomotion, personal-social, hearing and language, eye-hand co-ordination, and performance (visual perception and space integration ability). A questionnaire survey was performed to collect relevant information. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the influence of maternal HIV infection on the neuropsychological development of HEU infants/young children. RESULTS: Compared with the HUU group, the HEU group had significantly higher detection rates of retardation in the domains of hearing and language and performance (P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that maternal HIV infection increased the risk of retardation in the domains of hearing and language (OR=2.661, 95%CI: 1.171-6.047, P<0.05) and performance (OR=2.321, 95%CI: 1.156-4.658, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal HIV infection can negatively affect the development of hearing and language and performance in HEU infants/young children, and further studies are needed to clarify related mechanisms.

The diversity of human papillomavirus infection among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women in Yunnan, China.

BACKGROUND: Yunnan has one of the oldest and the most severe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics in China. We conducted an observational study to evaluate the human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution in relation to cervical neoplastic disease risk among HIV-infected women in Yunnan. METHODS: We screened 301 HIV-infected non-pregnant women in Mangshi prefecture in Yunnan province. All consenting participants underwent simultaneous and independent assessment by cervical cytology, colposcopy-histopathology, and HPV genotyping. Unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate factors associated with single or multiple carcinogenic HPV genotypes. RESULTS: HPV genotypes were present in 43.5% (131/301) overall, and carcinogenic HPV genotypes were present in 37.5% (113/301) women. Among women with carcinogenic HPV genotypes, 80 (70.8% of 113) had a single carcinogenic HPV type, while 33 (29.2%) women had multiple (2 or more) carcinogenic HPV types. Overall, the most common carcinogenic HPV types were HPV52 (7.3%), HPV58 (6.6%), HPV18 (6.3%), HPV16 (6.0%), and HPV33 (5.3%). In women with cervical precancerous lesions (i.e., high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions [HSIL] on cytology or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse [CIN2+] detected on colposcopy-histology), the most commonly detected genotypes were HPV16 (28.6%), HPV52 (25.0%), HPV58 (17.9%), HPV18 (10.7%) and HPV31 (10.7%). Increasing age was an independent risk factor associated with presence of single carcinogenic HPV types (adjusted odds ratio: 1.04, 95%CI: 1.01-1.07, p = 0.012) but not with the presence of multiple carcinogenic types in the multivariable-adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS: As HIV-infected women continue to live longer on antiretroviral therapy in China, it will be increasingly important to screen for, and prevent, HPV-associated cervical cancer in this population, especially given the wide diversity and multiplicity of HPV genotypes.

HPV prevalence and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among HIV-infected women in Yunnan Province, China: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of HPV and cervical neoplasia among HIV-infected women in southwestern China. METHODS: Cervical cytology, HPV detection by Hybrid Capture-2™ assay, and diagnostic colposcopy were followed by cervical biopsy if indicated. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze associations between HPV co-infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and HIV-related clinical and laboratory parameters. RESULTS: Colposcopic-histopathologically proven CIN2+ lesions were present in 7/83 (8.4%) HIV-infected women. Nearly half (41/83, 43%) were co-infected with carcinogenic HPV genotypes. HPV co-infection was higher in women with colposcopic-histopathologically proven CIN2+ lesions than women with

[Cross-sectional study on rates and influential factors of standard medication for antiretroviral therapy in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the status of standard medication of antiretroviral therapy and identify its correlationship with preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT). METHODS: Qualitative and quantitative methods for measuring of standard medication towards antiretroviral therapy of PMTCT were used in a cross-sectional study of 167 pregnant women who had accessed to PMTCT services and 57 physicians providing service from January 2005 to June 2007 in 5 HIV epidemic counties in Yunnan province. RESULTS: A total of 167 mothers were recruited, of which 65.87% (110/167) demonstrated for standard medication. The percentage of rational selection of antivirus-therapy regimen was 88.02% (147/167). HIV positive mothers with rational using medicine during labor covered 81.37% (131/161). 87.42% (146/167) of women demonstrated good compliance. The main correlations with the standard medication level of HIV positive pregnant women and their infants were as follows: diagnose time (OR = 2.617; 95% CI: 1.184 - 5.783), place of delivery (OR = 0.064; 95% CI: 0.007 - 0.607), minorities (OR = 0.344; 95% CI: 0.162 - 0.730), understanding of HIV women for antiretroviral therapy (OR = 6.843; 95% CI: 1.449 - 32.312), and doctors' cognition about the regimen for antiretroviral therapy was not enough; 5 key knowledge points (purpose of PMTCT, the consequence of not requiring standard medication, the effect of knowing regimens, the relationship of CD4 levels and selected regimens, the side effect of the relevant medicine) score rate was 47.72% (136/285). CONCLUSION: The proportions of standard medication in PMTCT antiretroviral therapy were not high. Standard medication might be associated with multiple factors from doctors, patients and society. It is necessary to make some steps to improve standard medication of antiretroviral therapy in PMTCT.