Organic photoelectrochemical transistor based on cascaded DNA network structure modulated ZnIn2S4/MXene Schottky junction for sensitive ATP detection.

Organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT) biosensor is now appearing in perspective of public, which characterized by amplified the grating electrode potential by ion transport. In this study, the DNA network formed by the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) detects the target adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by adjusting the surface potential of the new heterojunction of ZnIn2S4/MXene. The formation of DNA network amplifies the detection signal of ATP. Significantly, OPECT biosensor could further amplify the signal, which calculated the gain achieved 103, which is consistent with the gain signal of the previously reported OPECT biosensor. Furthermore, the OPECT biosensor achieved a highly sensitivity detection of the target ATP, which the linear detection range is 0.03 pM-30 nM, and the detection limit is 0.03 pM, and illustrated a high selectivity to ATP. The proposed OPECT biosensor achieved signal amplification by adjusting the surface potential of ZnIn2S4/MXene through cascade DNA network, which provides a new direction for the detection of biomolecules.

A triple read-out visible biosensing platform based on multifunctional nanozyme and bipolar electrode for multi-mode detection and imaging of CEA.

In this paper, a proposal of closed bipolar electrode (BPE) and nanozyme based multi-mode biosensing platform is first presented. As a novel integrated chip, multi-mode-BPE (MMBPE) combines enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), electrochemiluminescence (ECL), ECL imaging and light emitting diode (LED) imaging, enabling highly sensitive triple read-out visible detection of cancer embryonic antigen (CEA). The ECL probe Ab2@Au@Co3O4/CoFe2O4 hollow nanocubes (HNCs) with excellent peroxidase (POD) activity is introduced into the BPE cathode through immune adsorption. The Au@Co3O4/CoFe2O4 HNCs can increase the rate of hydrogen peroxide oxidation of TMB, thus promoting the reaction, and can be used for ELISA detection of CEA at different concentrations. The modification of the BPE sensing interface and reporting interface involved the introduction of the luminescent reagent Ru(bpy)32+ to the BPE anode. The decomposition rate of H2O2 increased under the catalytic action of Au@Co3O4/CoFe2O4 HNCs nanozyme, leading to an accelerated electron transfer rate in the MMBPE system and an enhanced ECL signal from Ru(bpy)32+. The LED imaging technology further provides a convenient and visible approach for CEA imaging in which no additional chemicals are needed. The integration of nanoenzymes as the catalytic core in MMBPE system provides impetus, while the combination of nanozymes with BPE expands the application of nanoenzymes in the field of biological analysis. The integration of intelligent chips with multiple modes of detection shows portable, miniaturized, and integrated excellent properties which meets the requirements of modern detection devices and thus offers a flexible approach for determination of nucleic acids, proteins, and cells.

Interfacial Modification of Lithium Metal Anode by Boron Nitride Nanosheets.

Metallic lithium (Li) is the most attractive anode for Li batteries because it holds the highest theoretical specific capacity (3860 mA h g-1) and the lowest redox potential (-3.040 V vs SHE). However, the poor interface stability of the Li anode, which is caused by the high reactivity and dendrite formation of metallic Li upon cycling, leads to undesired electrochemical performance and safety issues. While two-dimensional boron nitride (BN) nanosheets have been utilized as an interfacial layer, the mechanism on how they stabilize the Li-electrolyte interface remains elusive. Here, we show how BN nanosheet interlayers suppress Li dendrite formation, enhance Li ion transport kinetics, facilitate Li deposition, and reduce electrolyte decomposition. We show through both simulation and experimental data that the desolvation process of a solvated Li ion within the interlayer nanochannels kinetically favors Li deposition. This process enables long cycling stability, reduced voltage polarization, improved interface stability, and negligible volume expansion. Their application as an interfacial layer in symmetric cells and full cells that display significantly improved electrochemical properties is also demonstrated. The knowledge gained in this study provides both critical insights and practical guidelines for designing a Li metal anode with significantly improved performance.

Engineering Assembly of Plasmonic Virus-Like Gold SERS Nanoprobe Guided by Intelligent Dual-Machine Nanodevice for High-Performance Analysis of Tetracycline.

Accurate detection of trace tetracyclines (TCs) in complex matrices is of great significance for food and environmental safety monitoring. However, traditional recognition and amplification tools exhibit poor specificity and sensitivity. Herein, a novel dual-machine linkage nanodevice (DMLD) is proposed for the first time to achieve high-performance analysis of TC, with a padlock aptamer component as the initiation command center, nucleic acid-encoded multispike virus-like Au nanoparticles (nMVANs) as the signal indicator, and cascade walkers circuit as the processor. The existence of spike vertices and interspike nanogaps in MVANs enables intense electromagnetic near-field focusing, allowing distinct surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity. Moreover, through the sequential activation between multistage walker catalytic circuits, the DLMD system converts the limited TC recognition into massive engineering assemblies of SERS probes guided by DNA amplicons, resulting in synergistic enhancement of bulk plasmonic hotspot entities. The continuously guaranteed target recognition and progressively promoted signal enhancement ensure highly specific amplification analysis of TC, with a detection limit as low as 7.94 × 10-16  g mL-1 . Furthermore, the reliable recoveries in real samples confirm the practicability of the proposed sensing platform, highlighting the enormous potential of intelligent nanomachines for analyzing the trace hazards in the environment and food.

Construction of Binder-Free, Self-Supported, Hetero-Core-Shell Honeycomb Structured CuCo2 O4 @Ni0.5 Co0.5 (OH)2 with Abundant Mesopores and High Conductivity for High-Performance Energy Storage.

Clever and rational design of structural hierarchy, along with precise component adjustment, holds profound significance for the construction of high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials. In this study, a binder-free self-supported CCO@N0.5 C0.5 OH/NF cathode material is constructed with hierarchical hetero-core-shell honeycomb nanostructure by first growing CuCo2 O4 (CCO) nanopin arrays uniformly on highly conductive nickel foam (NF) substrate, and then anchoring Ni0.5 Co0.5 (OH)2 (N0.5 C0.5 OH) bimetallic hydroxide nanosheet arrays on the CCO nanopin arrays by adjusting the molar ratio of Ni(OH)2 and Co(OH)2 . The constructed CCO@N0.5 C0.5 OH/NF electrode material showcases a wealth of multivalent metal ions and mesopores, along with good electrical conductivity, excellent electrochemical reaction rates, and robust long-term performance (capacitance retention rate of 87.2%). The CCO@N0.5 C0.5 OH/NF electrode, benefiting from the hierarchical structure of the material and the exceptional synergy between multiple components, demonstrates an excellent specific capacitance (2553.6 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 ). Furthermore, the assembled asymmetric CCO@N0.5 C0.5 OH/NF//AC/NF supercapacitor demonstrates a high energy density (70.1 Wh kg-1 at 850 W kg-1 ), and maintains robust capacitance cycling stability performance (83.7%) after undergoing 10 000 successive charges and discharges. It is noteworthy that the assembled supercapacitor exhibits an operating voltage (1.7 V) that is well above the theoretical value (1.5 V).

Strong Ti3 C2 Tx MXene-Based Composite Films Fabricated through Bioinspired Bridging for Flexible Energy Storage Devices.

Flexible energy storage device is one of the most critical components as power source for wearable electronics. The emergence of MXenes, a growing family of 2D nanomaterials, has demonstrated a brand-new possibility for flexible energy storage. However, the fabrication of MXene films with satisfactory mechanical, electrical, and electrochemical reliabilities remains challenging due to the weak interlayer interactions and self-restacking of MXene sheets. Sequential bridging of polydopamine/polyethyleneimine-functionalized (PDA/PEI)-coated MXene sheets to induce synergistically covalent and hydrogen binding connections of MXene-based films is demonstrated here. By interrupting self-hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions, the introduction of long-chain PEI can not only inhibit the massive aggregation of PDA, but also improve the continuity of the interconnection network of PDA/PEI between MXene layers. Hence, the as-prepared MXene/PDA/PEI composite film displays high mechanical strength (≈366 MPa) which achieves 12-fold improvement compared with pure MXene film, as well as superior energy storage capability (≈454 F g-1  at 5 mV s-1 ) and rate performance of ≈48% at 10 000 mV s-1 . This modulation of inserted polymer between MXene layers can provide an avenue for assembling high performance MXene films, and can even be extended to the fabrication of other 2D platelets for varied applications.

Ultrathin MXene nanosheet-based TiO2/CdS heterostructure as a photoelectrochemical sensor for detection of CEA in human serum samples.

To develop highly accurate and ultrasensitive strategies is of great importance for the clinical measurement, in particular, the detection of cancer biomarkers. Herein, we synthesized an ultrasensitive TiO2/MXene/CdS QDs (TiO2/MX/CdS) heterostructure as a photoelectrochemical immunosensor, which favors energy levels matching and fast electron transfer from CdS to TiO2 in the help of ultrathin MXene nanosheet. Dramatic photocurrent quenching can be observed upon incubation of the TiO2/MX/CdS electrode by Cu2+ solution from 96-well microplate, which caused by the formation of CuS and subsequent CuxS (x = 1, 2), reducing the absorption of light and boosting the electron-hole recombination upon irradiation. As a result, the as-prepared biosensor demonstrates a linearly increased photocurrent quenching percentage (Q%) value with CEA concentration ranging from 1 fg/mL to 10 ng/mL, as well as a low detection limit of 0.24 fg/mL. Benefit from its excellent stability, high selectivity and good reproducibility of as-prepared PEC immunosensor, we believe that this proposed strategy might provide new opportunities for clinical diagnosis of CEA and other tumor markers.

Compression-tolerant supercapacitor based on NiCo2O4/Ti3C2Tx MXene/reduced graphene oxide composite aerogel with insights from density functional theory simulations.

Compression-tolerant electrodes are critical for developing next-generation wearable energy storage devices. However, most of previous studies on compressible electrodes focus on carbon-based materials, whereas metal-based materials such as spinel metal oxide with faradaic nature have been rarely studied due to their lack of compressibility. Herein, NiCo2O4 (NCO) microtubes assembled by ultrathin and mesoporous nanosheets, are deposited on/into Ti3C2Tx MXene/reduced graphene oxide aerogel (MGA), an intrinsically compressible host template with high conductivity and specific surface areas. The optimized NCO/MGA-300 sample shows a reversible compressive strain of 60% and a superior durability. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the NCO/MGA-300 heterojunction has high electronic conductivity, fast electron transfer ability, and low adsorption energy for OH- ions. As a result, the NCO/MGA-300 electrode exhibits superb electrochemical performance in terms of its high gravimetric capacitance (1633F g-1 at 1 A g-1), rate performance (1492F g-1 at 10 A g-1), and remarkable cycling stability of 86.6% after 10,000 charge-discharging cycles. Moreover, an assembled asymmetric supercapacitor based on compressible NCO/MGA-300 shows stable electrochemical performances under different compressive strains (20%. 40% and 60%), or after 100 compression-release cycles. This research finding demonstrates the possibility of metal-based electrode for wearable devices with high energy storage capability and good compressibility.

Zero-Carbon Emission Chemical Method to Remove Formaldehyde without Catalyst by Highly Porous Polymer Composites at Room Temperature.

Herein, the fabrication of reduced graphene oxide (RGO)-templated polymer composites for chemical removal of gaseous formaldehyde under ambient conditions is presented. The chemical removal of formaldehyde is achieved by a nucleophilic addition reaction between formaldehyde and aminooxy groups on the polymer chain ends to form the oxime bonds with the only byproduct of H2 O. RGO is essential since it not only has an ultralarge surface area but also can act as a perfect template for immobilizing pyrene-terminated and aminooxy-functionalized polymers via strong π-π stacking interactions, while melamine foam provides a three-dimensional skeleton for loading RGO/polymer composites to afford a porous 3D structure for efficient formaldehyde removal. Since the oxime bond can be cleaved into aminooxy group in acidic media, the RGO/polymer composite can be regenerated for repeatable usage, which shows an excellent performance of adsorbing 14 mg of formaldehyde by 100 mg of the polymer at ambient condition.

The Effect of Domestic Sewage Treatment on Islands Using Ecological Treatment Processes: A Case Study of Haimen Island, Fujian Province.

Islands are characterized by a lack of land and freshwater resources, public finances, and technical personnel. As a result, domestic sewage may not be effectively treated, which can lead to major pollution on islands and in the surrounding sea areas. In this study, a pilot treatment of domestic sewage was conducted using an ecological treatment process (i.e., a constructed wetland and ecological pond) in an abandoned pond located on Haimen Island, Fujian Province, China. The pollutant indicators were monitored to analyze this treatment method at different treatment stages. The results showed that the combination of multiple ecological treatment processes had favorable treatment effects on various pollutants in the sewage. The treatment rates of the chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) and suspended solids (SS) surpassed 88%. The treatment rate of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and fecal coliform surpassed 93%, and all the indicators met or were close to the level I B emission standards for urban sewage treatment plants. Different treatment stages have different treatment effects on different pollutants. The constructed wetland played an important role in sewage treatment through plant absorption, substrate adsorption, sedimentation, and microbial decomposition, particularly for the TP, CODCr, and BOD5. In contrast, algal photosynthesis in the ecological pond produced a large amount of dissolved oxygen, and the treatment effect was highest for the TN and NH3-N. The treatment effects on the fecal coliform in the constructed wetland and ecological pond were very significant. Ecological treatment processes based on the combination of a constructed wetland and ecological pond have favorable treatment effects, low construction and maintenance costs, and pollution-free conditions, which are suitable for application in island areas.

Application of the Gaussian Process Regression Method Based on a Combined Kernel Function in Engine Performance Prediction.

At present, regression modeling methods fail to achieve higher simulation accuracy, which limits the application of simulation technology in more fields such as virtual calibration and hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulation in automotive industry. After fully considering the abruptness and complexity of engine predictions, a Gaussian process regression modeling method based on a combined kernel function is proposed and verified in this study for engine torque, emission, and temperature predictions. The comparison results with linear regression, decision tree, support vector machine (abbreviated as SVM), neural network, and other Gaussian regression methods show that the Gaussian regression method based on the combined kernel function proposed in this study can achieve higher prediction accuracy. Fitting results show that the R 2 value of engine torque and exhaust gas temperature after the engine turbo (abbreviated as T4) prediction model reaches 1.00, and the R 2 value of the nitrogen oxide (abbreviated as NOx) prediction model reaches 0.9999. The model generalization ability verification test results show that for a totally new world harmonized transient cycle data, the R 2 value of engine torque prediction is 0.9993, the R 2 value of exhaust gas temperature is 0.995, and the R 2 value of NOx emission prediction result is 0.9962. The results of model generalization ability verification show that the model can achieve high prediction accuracy for performance prediction, temperature prediction, and emission prediction under steady-state and transient operating conditions.

Self-templated pseudomorphic transformation of ZIF into layered double hydroxides for improved supercapacitive performance.

Zeolitic imidazole frameworks (ZIFs) have been researched as excellent templates for synthesizing functional materials to be used in various fields. However, direct adoption of ZIFs as electrode material shows dissatisfactory electrochemical performance due to their limited exposed electroactive sites, poor chemical stability and sluggish charging dynamics. Herein, we demonstrate in situ transformation of ZnCo-ZIF frameworks decorated on ZnCo nanorod array (ZnCo-NA) into three-dimensional (3D) spatially distributed ZnCo-LDH/ZnCo-NA heterostructure. Owing to this unique structure that can provide abundant electroactive sites and ion transport paths in all directions, the resulting ZnCo-LDH/ZnCo-NA electrode exhibits an improved supercapacitive performance with a high capacity of 15.76 F cm-2 (1576 F g-1, 788 C g-1) at 20 mA cm-2 (2 A g-1), and maintains the capacity of 13.855 F cm-2 (1385.5 F g-1, 692.75 C g-1) at 150 mA cm-2 (15 A g-1), showing a high rate capability of 87.9%. A coin cell asymmetric supercapacitor (aSC) is assembled by employing ZnCo-LDH/ZnCo-NA as cathode and active carbon as anode, which exhibits an energy density of 21.3 Wh kg-1 and superb cycling performance with capacitance retention of 88.1% after 5000 cycles. More importantly, such a simple in-situ pseudomorphic transformation of ZIF templates into novel class LDH materials demonstrates a new generation of bimetallic heterostructure for applications in energy-related fields and beyond.

Scalable Fabrication of Ti3C2Tx MXene/RGO/Carbon Hybrid Aerogel for Organics Absorption and Energy Conversion.

High aspect ratio two-dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXene flakes with extraordinary mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties are ideal candidates for assembling elastic and conductive aerogels. However, the scalable fabrication of large MXene-based aerogels remains a challenge because the traditional preparation method relies on supercritical drying techniques such as freeze drying, resulting in poor scalability and high cost. Herein, the use of porous melamine foam as a robust template for MXene/reduced graphene oxide aerogel circumvents the volume shrinkage during its natural drying process. Through this approach, we were able to produce large size (up to 600 cm3) MXene-based aerogel with controllable shape. In addition, the aerogels possess an interconnected cellular structure and display resilience up to 70% of compressive strain. Some key features also include high solvent absorption capacity (∼50-90 g g-1), good photothermal conversion ability (an average evaporation rate of 1.48 kg m-2 h-1 for steam generation), and an excellent electrothermal conversion rate (1.8 kg m-2 h-1 at 1 V). More importantly, this passive drying process provides a scalable, convenient, and cost-effective approach to produce high-performance MXene-based aerogels, demonstrating the feasibility of commercial production of MXene-based aerogels toward practical applications.

Superelastic Ti3C2Tx MXene-Based Hybrid Aerogels for Compression-Resilient Devices.

Superelastic aerogels with excellent electrical conductivity, reversible compressibility, and high durability hold great potential for varied emerging applications, ranging from wearable electronics to multifunctional scaffolds. In the present work, superelastic MXene/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) aerogels are fabricated by mixing MXene and GO flakes, followed by a multistep reduction of GO, freeze-casting, and finally an annealing process. By optimizing both the composition and reducing conditions, the resultant aerogel shows a reversible compressive strain of 95%, surpassing all current reported values. The conducting MXene/rGO network provides fast electron transfer and stable structural integrity under compression/release cycles. When assembled into compressible supercapacitors, 97.2% of the capacitance was retained after 1000 compression/release cycles. Moreover, the high conductivity and porous structure also enabled the fabrication of a piezoresistive sensor with high sensitivity (0.28 kPa-1), wide detection range (up to 66.98 kPa), and ultralow detection limit (∼60 Pa). It is envisaged that the superelasticity of MXene/rGO aerogels offers a versatile platform for utilizing MXene-based materials in a wide array of applications including wearable electronics, electromagnetic interference shielding, and flexible energy storage devices.

Hollow 3D Frame Structure Modified with NiCo2 S4 Nanosheets and Spinous Fe2 O3 Nanowires as Electrode Materials for High-Performance All-Solid-State Asymmetric Supercapacitors.

Supercapacitors have attracted tremendous research interest, since they are expected to achieve battery-level energy density, while having a long calendar life and short charging time. Herein, a novel asymmetric supercapacitor has been successfully assembled from NiCo2 S4 nanosheets and spinous Fe2 O3 nanowire modified hollow melamine foam decorated with polypyrrole as positive and negative electrodes, respectively. Owing to the well-designed nanostructure and suitable matching of electrode materials, the assembled asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) exhibits an extended operation voltage window of 1.6 V with an energy density of 20.1 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 159.4 kW kg-1 . Moreover, the ASC shows stable cycling stability, with 81.3 % retention after 4000 cycles and a low internal resistance of 1.03 Ω. Additionally, a 2.5 V light-emitting diode indicator can be lit up by three ASCs connected in series; this provides evidence of the practical application potential of the assembled energy-storage system. The excellent electrochemical performances should be credited to the significant enhancement of the specific surface area, charge transport, and mechanical stability resulting from the unique 3D morphology.

Electrochemical synthesis of NiCo layered double hydroxide nanosheets decorated on moderately oxidized graphene films for energy storage.

The introduction of oxygenous functional groups onto graphene can provide additional pseudocapacitance for supercapacitors. However, how to balance the amount of introduced oxygenous functional groups and the reduced electrical conductivity arising from the disruption of the conjugated system remains a big challenge. Here, a controllable strategy is reported to prepare moderately oxidized reduced graphene oxide (MORGO) via an electrochemical oxidation process. The MORGO not only has oxygenous groups with appropriate quantities, but also preserves the highly crystalline structure of the π-π conjugated carbon framework. As a result, the MORGO films showed superior electrochemical properties to the pristine RGO films and other previously reported RGO films. Furthermore, the oxygenous groups and the conductivity of MORGO films can be easily adjusted by controlling the oxidation time. A hierarchical composite of NiCo-layered double hydroxide nanosheet arrays on MORGO films (MORGO/NiCo-LDH) was also constructed via electrochemical deposition to combine the advantages of electric double-layer electrode materials and faradaic electrode materials. The flexible solid-state supercapacitor fabricated with MORGO/NiCo-LDH film electrodes exhibits a high energy density (0.51 mW h cm-3), as well as a long cycle life (88.2% capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles).

Variations of DOM quantity and compositions along WWTPs-river-lake continuum: Implications for watershed environmental management.

Wastewater effluent makes up an increasingly large percentage of surface water supplies, but the impacts of discharge of effluent organic matter (EfOM) on receiving riverine and lacustrine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is still largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated variations of DOM quantity and quality along wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs)-river-lake continuum during drought periods, and made a tentative discussion on its implications for watershed environmental management. We used dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations, UV absorption coefficients and excitation-emission-matrixs (EEMs) fluorescence spectroscopy combined with fluorescence regional integration (FRI) to characterize EfOM and riverine and lacustrine DOM along WWTPs-river-Chaohu Lake continuum. Our results showed that changes in DOM quantity and quality in receiving waterbodies were related to EfOM discharged from WWTPs and external input of DOM along inflowing river. Specifically, we found that the ratio of protein-like/humic-like notably decreased (P < 0.05), and %humic-like increased (P < 0.01) along WWTPs-river-lake continuum. Furthermore, the recent autochthonous contribution index (BIX) and the humification index (HIX) values showed that these variations of DOM composition were attributed to microbial degradations in receiving waterbodies. We concluded that the changes of DOM quantity and quality along WWTPs-river-lake continuum had important implications for DOM behaviors, and offered some novel ideas for watershed environmental management.

Quantifying the Tunable Conjugated Area of Graphene Oxide by Using Pyrene as a Fluorescent Probe.

The determination of oxygenous groups, conjugated area ratio, and reduction efficiency of graphene oxide (GO) is a difficult task because of its heterogeneous structure. Herein, a novel approach is described for a detailed understanding of the surface chemistry of GO by using pyrene as a fluorescent probe through π-π stacking interactions.

[Spectral characteristics variations of chromophoric dissolved organic matter during growth of filamentous green macroalgae].

As an important component of dissolved organic matter (DOM), chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) plays a central role in the global biogeochemical carbon cycle. Macroalgae are essential producers in aquatic ecosystems. They can release a considerable part of photosynthetic products as CDOM. So changes in optical properties of CDOM are studied on filamentous green macroalgae-Chadophorasle found in tidal flats of a brackish Lake Beihu in natural field condition by using spectrometry. Humic-like fluorescence peaks and protein-like fluorescence peaks detected by fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectrum (EEMS) change little in control experiment but increase dramatically in incubation experiment. Applying parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) together with fluorescence excitation-emission matrix can get four components of CDOM (C1, C2, C3 and C4) which are relative to humic-like fluorescence peak A(C), M and protein-like fluorescence peak B, T respectively. In incubation experiment four components increase by 211.5%, 255.8%, 75.3% and 129.3% respectively while in control experiment components have little changes except C1 decreasing by 34.3%. Absorption coefficient alpha (355) increases by 92.9% and has positive significant correlation (P < 0.01) with the four components in incubation-experiment while alpha (355) decreases by 59.8% and only has correlation (P < 0.05) with C1 in control experiment. As the parameters representing CDOM molecular weight and composition, M and S values in incubation experiment are smaller than in control experiment, which illustrate that aromatic and macromolecular CDOM is produced in growth of Chadophorasle. All results indicate that growth of Chadophorasle can change the content and composition of CDOM.