First Report of Diaporthe hongkongensis Causing Leaf Blight on Macadamia in China.

Macadamia (Macadamia ternifolia Maiden and Betche) belongs to the Proteaceae family (Li et al. 2022). In the hilly areas of Guangxi (southern China), macadamia trees are an important source of revenue. The planting area in Guangxi has increased in recent years, exceeding 53,333 hectares by the end of 2022, but this increase is also associated with emergency of, macadamia diseases. Leaf blight symptoms were observed in 37/241 macadamia trees (15% incidence) in a plantation in Nanning, Guangxi province in China, during June, 2022. Disease severity on infected trees ranged from 5% to 60%. The disease developed from the tips or margins of leaves, causing the leaves to turn brown, and later gradually withered (Fig. 1 A). Ten leaves with lesions were collected from five macadamia trees (two leaves per tree. Thereafter, small segments (3 to 4 mm²) excised from the margins of ten lesions were surface sterilized in 75% ethanol for 30 s and 1% hypochlorite for 90 s and Page 1 of 6 2 rinsed in sterile water, before plating onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Plates were incubated under lighting during the daytime, and darkness at night-time for 5 days at 25℃. Twenty-two purified colonies were generated by subculturing hyphal tips, of which eight exhibited similar morphology and were further characterized. The colonies on PDA were gray with a white outer ring and flat lawn on the surface (Fig. 1 B). The pycnidia were superficial to semi-immersed on PDA, solitary to aggregated, globose to sub-globose, brown to black and oozed yellow mucilaginous masses (Fig.1 C). The α-conidia were unicellular, hyaline elliptical or fusiform, and measuring 4-8 × 1.9-4 µm (n=30) ， whereas the ß-conidia were hyaline, long, straight or curved, measuring 20-23 × 0.9-2 µm (n=30) (Fig. 1 D-E). The morphological features were similar to Diaporthe hongkongensis (Dissanayake et al. 2015). The eight morphologically similar isolates were identified as D. hongkongensis using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, but only one isolate, JG11, was selected for further molecular identification. Five target genes, including the ITS region, translation elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1-α), beta-tubulin genes (TUB2), calmodulin (CAL), and histone H3 (HIS) were amplified and sequenced using primers ITS1/ITS4, EF1-728F/EF1-986R, Bt2a/Bt2b, CAL-228F/CAL-737R, and CYLH3F/H3-1b, respectively (Carbone and Kohn 1999). The sequences were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers OQ932790 (ITS) and OR147955-58 for EF1-α, TUB, CAL and HIS genes, respectively. BLAST search of GenBank showed that ITS, EF1-α, TUB, CAL, and HIS sequences of JG11 were similar to Page 2 of 6 3 those of D. hongkongensis NR111848 (99.22% identity), KY433566 (99.72%), MW208603 (99.42%), MW221740 (99.80%), and MW221661 (99.79%), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of concatenated sequences was performed with IQ-TREE software. JG11 was grouped in the same clade as other Diaporthe hongkongensis isolates (Fig. 2). Pathogenicity experiments were carried out on healthy macadamia trees in a greenhouse. Three macadamia trees were used as negative controls where five uninjured leaves per tree were sprayed with sterile distilled water. Uninjured five leaves per tree of three other macadamia trees were sprayed with conidia suspension of the isolate JG11 at a concentration of 1×106. Each treatment was repeated 3 times independently, with 5 leaves per tree (Liu et al. 2023; Havill et al. 2023; Zhang et al. 2022). Plastic bags were placed over all inoculated leaves. The average daily temperature and relative humidity in the greenhouse were 32°C and 65%, respectively. Two days later, browning appeared on the leaves inoculated with the spore suspension and expanded outward. After 5 days, all macadamia leaves inoculated with the fungal spores began to wither, while controls remained asymptomatic (Fig. 1 H-I). D. hongkongensis was consistently re-isolated and purified from inoculated leaves and the identity was confirmed by morphological identification and molecular analysis, completed Koch's postulates. D. hongkongensis has been reported on peach (Zhang et al. 2021), grapevine trunk (Dissanayake et al. 2015) and Cunninghamia lanceolata (Liao et al. 2022). To our knowledge, this is the first report of D. hongkongensis causing leaf blight on macadamia in China. These findings provide a foundation for future research on the epidemiology and control of this newly emerging disease of macadamia.

Marinimicrococcus flavescens gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Geminicoccaceae, isolated from a marine sediment of the South China Sea.

A Gram-stain-negative, catalase-positive and oxidase-positive, nonmotile, aerobic, light yellow, spherical-shaped bacterial strain with no flagella, designated strain YIM 152171T, was isolated from sediment of the South China Sea. Colonies were smooth and convex, light yellow and circular, and 1.0-1.5×1.0-1.5 µm in cell diameter after 7 days of incubation at 28°C on YIM38 media supplemented with sea salt. Colonies could grow at 20-45°C (optimum 28-35°C) and pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-9.0), and they could proliferate in the salinity range of 0-6.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c/C18 : 1 ω6c), C18 : 1 ω7c 11-methyl, C16 : 0, C16 : 1 ω11c, C16 : 1 ω5c, C17 : 1 ω6c and C18 : 1 ω5c. The respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 10, and the polar lipid profile included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, one unidentified phospholipid and one unidentified aminolipid. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain YIM 152171T within the order Rhodospirillales in a distinct lineage that also included the genus Geminicoccus. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of YIM 152171T to those of Arboricoccus pini, Geminicoccus roseus and Constrictibacter antarcticus were 92.17, 89.25 and 88.91 %, respectively. The assembled draft genome of strain YIM 152171T had 136 contigs with an N50 value of 134704 nt, a total length of 3 001 346 bp and a G+C content of 70.27 mol%. The phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data showed that strain YIM 152171T (=MCCC 1K08488T=KCTC 92884T) represents a type of novel species and genus for which we propose the name Marinimicrococcus gen. nov., sp. nov.

Streptomyces koelreuteriae sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Koelreuteria paniculata and healthy leaves of Xanthium sibiricum.

Two actinomycete strains, designated MG62T and CRLD-Y-1, were isolated from rhizosphere soil of Koelreuteria paniculata and healthy leaves of Xanthium sibiricum, respectively, in Hunan province, PR China. They could produce abundant aerial mycelia that generated rod-shaped spores with spiny surfaces. Morphological features of the two strains are typical of the genus Streptomyces. Strains MG62T and CRLD-Y-1 exhibited 99.93 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between them were 99.99 and 100 %, respectively, suggesting that they belonged to the same species. 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis revealed that the two strains belonged to the genus Streptomyces and showed highest similarities to Streptomyces violarus NBRC 13104T (99.07-99.29 %) and Streptomyces arenae ISP 5293T (99.21-99.35 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains MG62T and CRLD-Y-1 were closely related to S. violarus NBRC 13104T and S. arenae ISP 5293T. However, the ANI, dDDH and multilocus sequence analysis evolutionary distance values between the two strains and their relatives provide a robust basis upon which to verify strains MG62T and CRLD-Y-1 as representing a novel species. Moreover, a comprehensive comparison of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics further confirmed that the two strains were distinct from their relatives. Based on all these data above, strains MG62T and CRLD-Y-1 should represent a novel Streptomyces species, for which the name Streptomyces koelreuteriae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MG62T (=JCM 34747T=MCCC 1K06175T).

Acinetobacter faecalis Sp. Nov., Isolated from Elephant Faeces.

A Gram-negative coccobacillus, YIM 103518T, isolated from wild elephant feces in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, West China, was characterized and identified using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The strain was strictly aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, colonies were round, convex, smooth, and pale yellow. The strain growth at 4-40 ℃ (optimum, 28 ℃), pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and 0-4% NaCl (optimum, 0%) in culture medium YIM 38. The major fatty acids of strain YIM 103518T were summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω6c/C16:1 ω7c), C16:0, and C18:1 ω9c. The predominant ubiquinone was Q-9. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and phospholipids. The 16S rRNA gene sequence showed moderate level of similarity with Acinetobacter portensis AC 877T (98.7%), Acinetobacter sichuanensis CCTCC AB 2018118T (97.1%), and Acinetobacter cumulans CCTCC AB 2018119T (97.1%). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 36.5 mol%. Strain YIM 103518T showed an average nucleotide identity value of 86.6%, 77.3% and 78.5%, a digital DNA-DNA hybridizations value of 31.2%, 21.9% and 23.0% with the type strain of A. portensis, A. sichuanensis and A. cumulans based on draft genome sequences, respectively. The results of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, showed that strain YIM 103518T represents a novel species of the genus Acinetobacter, for which the name Acinetobacter faecalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 103518T (=CCTCC AB 2019201T = NBRC 114057T).

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the NAC Gene Family in Kandelia obovata, a Typical Mangrove Plant.

The NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) gene family, one of the largest transcription factor families in plants, acts as positive or negative regulators in plant response and adaption to various environmental stresses, including cold stress. Multiple reports on the functional characterization of NAC genes in Arabidopsis thaliana and other plants are available. However, the function of the NAC genes in the typical woody mangrove (Kandelia obovata) remains poorly understood. Here, a comprehensive analysis of NAC genes in K. obovata was performed with a pluri-disciplinary approach including bioinformatic and molecular analyses. We retrieved a contracted NAC family with 68 genes from the K. obovata genome, which were unevenly distributed in the chromosomes and classified into ten classes. These KoNAC genes were differentially and preferentially expressed in different organs, among which, twelve up-regulated and one down-regulated KoNAC genes were identified. Several stress-related cis-regulatory elements, such as LTR (low-temperature response), STRE (stress response element), ABRE (abscisic acid response element), and WUN (wound-responsive element), were identified in the promoter regions of these 13 KoNAC genes. The expression patterns of five selected KoNAC genes (KoNAC6, KoNAC15, KoNAC20, KoNAC38, and KoNAC51) were confirmed by qRT-PCR under cold treatment. These results strongly implied the putative important roles of KoNAC genes in response to chilling and other stresses. Collectively, our findings provide valuable information for further investigations on the function of KoNAC genes.

Nakamurella leprariae sp. nov., isolated from a lichen sample.

A novel actinobacterium, YIM 132084T, was isolated from Lepraria sp. lichen collected from Yunnan province, south-west PR China and identified by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The strain was Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile and coccus-shaped. Colonies were round, convex, smooth and light orange yellow in color. It grew at 10-40 °C (optimum 28 °C), at pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-4% NaCl (optimum 0%). Strain YIM 132084T comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0 as major fatty acids. Strain YIM 132084T had meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and mannose, ribose, glucose and rhamnose as whole-cell sugars. The 16S rRNA gene sequence showed high level of similarity with Nakamurella flavida KCTC 19127T (97.7%) and Nakamurella flava CGMCC 4.7524T (97.7%). The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 72.4 mol%. Based on draft genome sequences, strain YIM 132084T showed an average nucleotide identity value of 76.1% and 74.9%, a digital DNA-DNA hybridization value of 20.9% and 20.6% with the reference strains Nakamurella flavida and Nakamurella flava, respectively. The results of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses showed that strain YIM 132084T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella leprariae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 132084T (= CGMCC 4.7667T = NBRC 114280T = KCTC 49367T).

Paenibacillus oceani sp. nov., isolated from surface seawater.

A Gram-stain-positive and motile bacterial strain, designated IB182363T, was isolated from surface seawater of the South China Sea. Cells grew at pH 5.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0), 20-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and with 1-8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2-4 %). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain IB182363T was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and the closest phylogenetically related species was Paenibacillus ginsengarvi DSM18677T with 96.9 % sequence similarity. The values of whole genome average nucleotide identity analysis and digital DNA-DNA hybridization between the isolate and the closely related type strains were less than 86.3 and 25.6 %, respectively. Chemotaxonomic analysis revealed that strain IB182363T possessed meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and contained menaquinone MK-7 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The polar lipids comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified phospholipids and four unidentified aminophospholipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 54.5 mol%. On the basis of the above results, strain IB182363T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which we propose the name Paenibacillus oceani sp. nov. with the type strain IB182363T (=MCCC 1K04630T=JCM 34214T).

Glaciibacter flavus sp. nov., isolated from a lichen sample.

A novel Actinobacterium strain YIM 131861 T, was isolated from lichen collected from the South Bank Forest of the Baltic Sea, Germany. It was Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, catalase positive and oxidase negative, yellow pigmented. Cells were motile with a polar flagellum, irregular rod shaped and did not display spore formation. The strain grew at 15 - 30 °C (optimum 25 °C), at pH 6.0 - 10.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0 - 1.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM 131861 T belonged to the genus Glaciibacter, and exhibited a high sequence similarity (96.4%) with Glaciibacter superstes NBRC 104264 T. The genomic DNA G + C content of strain YIM 131861 T was 68.2 mol%. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain YIM 131861 T and Glaciibacter superstes NBRC 104264 T were 73.2 and 19.9% based on the draft genome sequence. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was B2γ and contained the 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic amino acid. Whole cell sugars were galactose, rhamnose, ribose and glucose. It contained MK-12 and MK-13 as the predominant menaquinones. The major cellular fatty acids (> 10%) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0 and anteiso-C17:0. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown glycolipids. Based on the results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain YIM 131861 T should belong to the genus Glaciibacter and represents a novel species of the genus Glaciibacter, for which the name Glaciibacter flavus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 131861 T (= CGMCC 1.16588 T = NBRC 113572 T).

Crenobacter intestini sp. nov., Isolated from the Intestinal Tract of Konosirus punctatus.

A novel Gram-stain-negative bacterium, designated strain GY 70310T, was isolated from the intestinal tract of Konosirus punctatus collected from Minjiang River, China. Cells of the strain were rod-shaped and motile with a single polar flagellum. The result of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain GY 70310T was moderately related to Crenobacter luteus YIM 78141T (94.7%), Paludibacterium paludis KBP-21T (93.8%) and Crenobacter cavernae K1W11S-77T (93.0%). The draft genome of strain GY 70310T consisted of 3.4 Mbp with DNA G+C content of 66.3 mol%, which possessed genes putatively encoding nitrate reductase, nitrite oxidoreductase and urease. The novel strain showed a whole genome average nucleotide identity (OrthoANI) value of 77.1% and a digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) value of 22.4% with Crenobacter luteus DSM 27258T, followed by Crenobacter cavernae K1W11S-77T with OrthoANI and dDDH values of 76.4% and 20.6%, respectively. The major fatty acids (>10%) were identified as summed feature 3 (C16:1ω6c and/or iso-C15:0 2-OH, C16:1ω7c), C16:0 and C18:1ω7c. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminophospholipid, one unidentified lipid and one unidentified phospholipid. On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain GY 70310T represents a novel species of the genus Crenobacter, for which the name Crenobacter intestini sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is GY 70310T (= CGMCC 1.16821T = KCTC 62945T = NBRC 113900T).

Nocardioides flavescens sp. nov., isolated from soil of Gaoligong Mountain, PR China.

A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic, rod-shaped, golden yellow-pigmented actinobacterium, designated strain YIM 123512T, was isolated from soil sampled at Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan Province, PR China. The strain grew at 10-40 °C (optimum, 28 °C), with 0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-1.0 %) and at pH 5.0-11.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). The major menaquinone was MK-8(H4) and the major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were identified as iso-C16 : 0 and C17 : 1 ω8c. Strain YIM 123512T had ll-2, 6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic cell-wall diamino acid. The major polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown lipid. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YIM 123512T was 72.7 mol% based on its draft genome sequence. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain YIM 123512T appeared to be most closely related to Nocardioides halotolerans KCTC 19274T (97.7 % sequence similarity) and to belong to the genus Nocardioides. The sequence similarity values of strain YIM 123512T to other currently described type strains of the genus Nocardioides were less than 97.0 %. Based on the draft genome sequence, the novel strain showed an average nucleotide identity value of 80.2 % and a digital DNA-DNA hybridization value of 23.1 % with the reference strain N. halotolerans KCTC 19274T. The results of the polyphasic taxonomic study including phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses show that strain YIM 123512T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides flavescens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 123512T (=KCTC 49303T=CGMCC 4.7628T).

Nakamurella albus sp. nov.: A Novel Actinobacterium Isolated from a Lichen Sample.

A novel actinobacterium, YIM 132087T, isolated from Lepraria sp. lichen collected from Yunnan province, south-west PR China. Cells are Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, aerobic, non-motile and short rod-shaped. Colonies are asporogenous, circular and white brown in colour. Optimal growth occured at 15-35 °C (optimum 28 °C), at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum pH 6.0), and in the presence of 3% NaCl (w/v). The DNA G+C content of strain YIM 132087T based on the draft genome sequence was 71.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain YIM 132087T belonged to the genus Nakamurella and exhibited high levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella endophytica CGMCC 4.7038T (97.9%) and Nakamurella intestinalis NBRC 111844T (97.2%). The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain YIM 132087T and its closest relatives are lower than 26%. Strain YIM 132087T had meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic cell-wall diamino acid, and MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone. Predominant cellular fatty acids (> 10%) were iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, C16:0 and anteiso-C15:0. The polar lipid profile were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, three unknown phospholipids, one unknown aminophospholipid and one unknown lipid. Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain YIM 132087T belongs to the genus Nakamurella and represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella albus sp. nov., with type strain YIM 132087T (=CGMCC 4.7629T =NBRC 114017T), is proposed.

[A new polyketide from marine-derived Streptomyces sp.MDW-06].

To isolate and identify secondary metabolites of marine-derived Streptomyces sp.MDW-06,the isolations and purifications of compounds were performed by means of column chromatography over silica gel. And their structures were elucidated through the spectroscopic analysis of MS,NMR and specific rotations. The bioactivities were assayed by paper diffusion and DPPH method. From the fermentation broth of marine-derived Streptomyces sp.MDW-06,five compounds( 1-5) were isolated and identified as streptopentanoic acid( 1),germicidin A( 2),germicidin B( 3),isogermicidin A( 4),isogermicidin B( 5) and oxohygrolidin( 6),respectively. Compound 1 is a new compound. Compound 1 shows DPPH radical scavenging activity with 36. 4% at 100 mg·L~(-1).

Ottowia flava sp. nov., isolated from fish intestines.

A novel Gram-negative bacterium, non-motile and short rod-shaped, designated strain GY511T, was isolated from the intestines of fish collected from Maowei Sea, China. Growth occurred at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum 7.0), 4-37 °C (optimum 28 °C) and at 0-2.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1.0%). The result of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain GY511T is closely related to O. oryzae NBRC 113109T (97.6%), O. konkukae DSM 105395T (97.4%), Ottowia beijingensis CGMCC 1.12324T (95.9%), Ottowia pentelensis DSM 21699T (95.2%) and Ottowia thiooxydans DSM 14619T (95.0%). The DNA-DNA hybridization values of strain GY511T with O. oryzae NBRC 113109T and O. konkukae DSM 105395T were 35.4 ± 3.1% and 26.3 ± 1.8%, respectively. The major fatty acids (> 10%) were identified as summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c), C16:0 and summed feature 8 (C18:1ω7c and/or C18:1ω6c) and the major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and an unidentified phospholipid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 62.9 mol%. Thiosulfate could be utilized as co-substrate for aerobic growth and was oxidised to sulfate. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular data, strain GY511T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ottowia, for which the name Ottowia flava sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GY511T (= NBRC 113500T = DSM 107425T = CGMCC 1.13650T).

Falsibacillus albus sp. nov., isolated from mangrove soil.

A novel Gram-stain-positive, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, designated GY 10110T, was isolated from mangrove soil collected from Qinzhou, Guangxi province, China. Cells were aerobic, motile with peritrichous flagella and rod-shaped. The strain grew at 15-37 °C (optimum, 28 °C), at 0-3 %(w/v) NaCl (1 %) and at pH 6.0-9.0 (pH 7.0). The major fatty acids of strain GY 10110T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The polar lipid profile comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphoglycolipid, glycolipid, two unidentified aminophospholipids and three unidentified phospholipids. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain GY 10110T was closely related to Falsibacillus pallidus CCTCC AB 207188T (98.0 % sequence similarity) and Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (96.9 %), respectively. The G+C content of strain GY 10110T based on the whole genome sequence was 42.3 mol%. The novel strain showed an average nucleotide identity (ANI) value of 77.8 % and a digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) value of 15.6 % with Falsibacillus pallidus CCTCC AB 207188T based on draft genome sequences, followed by Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T with ANI and dDDH values of 75.2 and 12.8 %, respectively. The results of the polyphasic taxonomic study, including phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, showed that strain GY 10110T represents a novel species of the genus Falsibacillus, for which the name Falsibacillus albus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GY 10110T (=CGMCC 1.13648T=NBRC 113502T).

Complete Genome Sequence of Actinobacillus succinogenes GXAS137, a Highly Efficient Producer of Succinic Acid.

The bacterium Actinobacillus succinogenes GXAS137, an efficient producer of succinic acid, was isolated from bovine rumen in Nanning, Guangxi Province, China. Here, we present the 2.3-Mb genome assembly of this strain, which consists of 2,314,479 bp (G+C content of 44.89%) with a circular chromosome, 2,235 DNA coding sequences, 57 tRNAs, and 15 rRNAs.

Efficient production of succinic acid from duckweed (Landoltia punctata) hydrolysate by Actinobacillus succinogenes GXAS137.

A novel process of enzyme pretreatment and semi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSSF) was developed in this work to improve succinic acid (SA) productivity from duckweed (Landoltia punctata) and achieve low viscosity. Viscosity (83.86%) was reduced by the pretreatment with combined enzymes at 50 °C for 2 h to a greater extent than that by single enzyme (26.19-71.75%). SSSF was an optimal combination with 65.31 g/L of SA content, which was remarkably higher than those obtained through conventional separate hydrolysis and fermentation (62.12 g/L) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (52.41 g/L). The combined approach was effective for SA production. Approximately 75.46 g/L of SA content with a yield of 82.87% and a productivity of 1.35 g/L/h was obtained after 56 h in a 2 L bioreactor. Further studies will focus on increasing the working scale of the proposed method.

Marmoricola endophyticus sp. nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from Thespesia populnea.

A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain 8BXZ-J1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized branches of Thespesia populnea collected from Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. Cells of the isolate were Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile and short rod-shaped. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain 8BXZ-J1T belonged to the genus Marmoricola, sharing highest similarity with Marmoricola solisilvae DSM 27140T (96.9 %). The isolate grew at 10-35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-5.0 %). The organism contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the major menaquinone, and a polar lipid profile including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown lipids. The major fatty acids of strain 8BXZ-J1T were C18 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.7 mol%. These data demonstrate that strain 8BXZ-J1T is representative of a novel species of the genus Marmoricola, for which the name Marmoricola endophyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 8BXZ-J1T (=KCTC 39789T=CGMCC 1.16067T).

Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Micromonosporaceae isolated from Bruguiera sexangula.

A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain S3Cf-2T, was isolated from a surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan Province, China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain S3Cf-2T fell within the family Micromonosporaceae and formed a distinct clade in the Micromonosporaceae phylogenetic tree. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain S3Cf-2T and the type species of 30 genera in the family Micromonosporaceae were 91.55-97.45 %. Strain S3Cf-2T formed extensively branched substrate mycelia without fragmentation. An oval or rod-like spore with a smooth surface was borne singly at the end of substrate mycelium. The novel isolate possessed meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, and glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and ribose as whole-cell sugars. The acyl type of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was glycolyl and mycolic acids were absent. The major polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and an unknown aminolipid, corresponding to phospholipid type PII. The major menaquinones were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.4 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain S3Cf-2T represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is S3Cf-2T (=DSM 100693T=CGMCC 4.7299T).

Discussion on Constructing "Moblie Medical + Medicare" to Further Promote Graded Medical Treatment Model / 医学信息学杂志

The paper analyzes the feasibility of further promoting graded medical treatment model through "moblie medical + medicare",and constructs "moblie medical + medicare" to promote the graded medical treatment model.By analyzing the innovative mode from stakeholder and "cooperation" among the aspects of medicare,medical care and medicine,it points out the significance of such construction.

Microlunatus endophyticus sp. nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from bark of Bruguiera sexangula.

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccoid, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain S3Af-1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan, China, and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. This bacterium did not produce substrate mycelia or aerial hyphae, and no diffusible pigments were observed on the media tested. Strain S3Af-1T grew optimally without NaCl, at 28-30 °C and at pH 7.0.Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain S3Af-1T belonged to the genus Microlunatus and shared highest similarity with 'Microlunatus terrae' BS6 (97.43 %) and Microlunatus soli CC-12602T (97.08 %). DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the level of relatedness between strain S3Af-1T and M. soli CC-12602T was less than 70 %. The DNA G+C content of strain S3Af-1T was 67.1 mol%. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) were the predominant menaquinones. Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and other lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain S3Af-1T represents a novel species of the genus Microlunatus, for which the name Microlunatus endophyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S3Af-1T ( = DSM 100019T = CGMCC 4.7306T).