Actinomadura logoneensis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from the soil.

One novel actinobacterial isolate, designated strain NEAU-G17T, was isolated from muddy soil collected from a riverbank in Chad and characterised using polyphasic approach. Morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of this strain coincided with those of the genus Actinomadura. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain NEAU-G17T was most closely related to Actinomadura oligospora JCM 10648T (98.7 %) and Actinomadura gamaensis NEAU-Gz5T (98.6 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NEAU-G17T formed a cluster with Actinomadura oligospora JCM 10648T, Actinomadura gamaensis NEAU-Gz5T and Actinomadura rupiterrae CS5-AC15T (96.4 %). However, the combination of DNA-DNA hybridisation values and some phenotypic characteristics allowed the isolate to be differentiated from their most closely related species. The major menaquinones were identified as MK-9(H4), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8). Their polar lipid profile was found to contain diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified lipid. The major fatty acids were identified as C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C18 : 1 ω9c. Therefore, it is proposed that strain NEAU-G17T should be classified as representative of a novel species of the genus Actinomadura, for which the name Actinomadura logoneensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strains is NEAU-G17T (=CGMCC 4.7411T=DSM 105122T).

Streptomyces inhibens sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from rhizosphere soil of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-D10T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) collected from Northeast Agricultural University in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, north-east China. A polyphasic approach was employed to determine the status of strain NEAU-D10T. Morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics were consistent with those of members of the genus Streptomyces. The menaquinones detected were MK-9 (H6), MK-9 (H8) and MK-9 (H4). The phospholipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and three unidentified lipids. The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain NEAU-D10T belongs to the genus Streptomyces with high sequence similarity to Streptomyces sioyaensis DSM 40032T (99.0 %) and Streptomyces auratus DSM 41897T (98.8 %). Moreover, multilocus sequence analysis based on five other housekeeping genes (atpD, gyrB, rpoB, recAand trpB) and the low level of DNA-DNA relatedness and phenotypic differences allowed the novel isolate to be differentiated from its most closely related strains, S. sioyaensis DSM 40032T and S. auratus DSM 41897T. It is concluded that the organism can be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomycesinhibens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-D10T (=CGMCC 4.7469T=DSM 106197T).

Trinickia diaoshuihuensis sp. nov., a plant growth promoting bacterium isolated from soil.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped plant growth promoting bacterium, NEAU-SY24T, was isolated from soil in Diaoshuihu, Heilongjiang, China. The isolate grew at temperatures 10-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 5-8 (optimum, pH 6) and in the presence of up to 1 % (w/v) NaCl, although NaCl was not required for growth. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain NEAU-SY24T belonged to the genus Trinickia and was closely related to Trinickia dabaoshanensis NRRL B-59553T (99.16 % similarity) and Trinickia soli DSM 18235T (99.11 %). The average nucleotide identity values between NEAU-SY24T and its most closely related species were 79.30-87.09 %. The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between NEAU-SY24T and T. dabaoshanensis NRRL B-59553T and T. soli DSM 18235T were 29.30 and 24.00 %, respectively, again indicating they belong to different taxa. The genomic DNA G+C content was 63.3 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were C17 : 0cyclo, C18 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0, summed feature 2 (comprising C14 : 0 3-OH and/or C16 : 1iso I) and C16 : 0 3-OH. The predominant respiratory quinone was Q-8 and the whole-cell sugars contained ribose, glucose and galactose. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine and two unidentified aminolipids. On the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain NEAU-SY24T was classified as a novel species in the genus Trinickia, for which the name Trinickiadiaoshuihuensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-SY24T (=DSM 106065T=CCTCC AA 2018003T).

Glycomyces luteolus sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from rhizosphere soil of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Three Gram-stain positive, aerobic actinomycete strains, designated NEAU-A15T, NEAU-A13 and NEAU-C4, were isolated from rhizosphere soil of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) collected from Langfang, Hebei Province, China. Based on their morphological characteristics, biochemical features and molecular phylogenetic studies, these strains were concluded to belong to a new member of the genus Glycomyces. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain NEAU-A15T shares 99.91% and 99.80% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with NEAU-A13 and NEAU-C4, respectively, and these three strains showed high sequence similarities to Glycomyces algeriensis DSM 44727T (99.24, 99.45, 99.38%), Glycomyces lechevalierae DSM 44724T (98.97, 99.17, 99.11%) and Glycomyces rutgersensis DSM 43812T (98.83, 99.04, 98.97%). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these three strains clustered together and formed a cluster with Glycomyces tritici NEAU-C2T (97.30, 97.73, 99.48%), G. algeriensis DSM 44727T, G. lechevalierae DSM 44724T and G. rutgersensis DSM 43812T. These three strains were observed to contain MK-10(H2), MK-10(H6) and MK-11 as menaquinones. The whole cell sugar profiles were found to contain galactose, ribose and xylose. The polar lipids were found to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and an unidentified glycolipid. The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C15:0. The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NEAU-A15T and NEAU-A13/NEAU-C4 were 86.2 ± 2.3% and 83.4 ± 3.5%, respectively. The values between these three strains and their close phylogenetic relatives were 48-52%, supporting the conclusion that they belong to a distinct genomic species. An array of phenotypic characteristics also differentiated these isolates from their closely related species. On the basis of the genetic and phenotypic properties, strains NEAU-A15T, NEAU-A13 and NEAU-C4 can be classified as representatives of a novel species of the genus Glycomyces, for which the name Glycomyces luteolus sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-A15T (= DSM 104643T = CGMCC 4.7394T).

Streptomyces monticola sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from soil.

A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-GS4T, was isolated from soil collected from Mount Song and characterised using a polyphasic approach. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies showed that strain NEAU-GS4T belongs to the genus Streptomyces, being closely related to Streptomyces spectabilis JCM 4308T (98.8%), Streptomyces sclerotialus DSM 43032T (98.3%) and Streptomyces lasiicapitis 3H-HV17(2)T (98.0%). A multilocus sequence analysis based on five house-keeping genes (atpD, gyrB, rpoB, recA and trpB) also indicated that strain NEAU-GS4T should be assigned to the genus Streptomyces. The major menaquinones were identified as MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4). The polar lipid profile was found to contain diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and an unidentified phospholipid. The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0 and anteiso-C17:0. Moreover, DNA-DNA hybridization results and some phenotypic characteristics indicated that strain NEAU-GS4T can be clearly differentiated from its closely related species of the genus Streptomyces. Therefore, it is concluded that strain NEAU-GS4T represents a novel species of the genus of Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces monticola sp. nov. is proposed. The type stain is NEAU-GS4T (=CGMCC 4.7467T = DSM 105116T).

Pseudonocardia tritici sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from rhizosphere soil of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

An aerobic, non-motile, Gram-stain positive actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-YY211T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) collected from Zhumadian, Henan Province, mid-eastern China, and characterised taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain NEAU-YY211T belongs to the genus Pseudonocardia, showing high similarities with respect to Pseudonocardia ammonioxydans H9T (99.1%) and Pseudonocardia antitumoralis SCSIO 01299T (99.0%), respectively. The cell wall was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole cell sugars were identified as arabinose and galactose. The predominant menaquinone of strain NEAU-YY211T was identified as MK-8(H4) and the major fatty acids were identified as iso-C16:0, C17:1ω8c and iso-C16:1. The phospholipid profile was found to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and an unidentified phospholipid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 72.6 mol%. Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with P. ammonioxydans JCM 12462T and P. antitumoralis DSM 45322T were 54.5 ± 3.5% and 49.8 ± 2.5% (mean ± SD), respectively. Based on phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic data, it is concluded that the isolate can be distinguished from closely related type strains and thus represents a novel species of the genus Pseudonocardia, for which the name Pseudonocardia tritici sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-YY211T (= DSM 106068T = CGMCC 4.7474T).

Sphaerimonospora triticiradicis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from a root of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-HRGS1-10T, was isolated from a root of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) collected from Zhumadian, Henan Province, Central China and characterised using a polyphasic approach. The organism was found to have morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics typical of members of the genus Sphaerimonospora. The major menaquinones and the whole cell hydrolysates were identified as MK-9(H4) and MK-9(H2) and meso-diaminopimelic acid and madurose, respectively. The phospholipid profile was found to contain diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, a phosphoglycolipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified phospholipid. The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C16:0 and 10-methyl C17:0. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain NEAU-HRGS1-10T is closely related to Sphaerimonospora mesophila JCM 3151T (99.0%), Sphaerimonospora cavernae NBRC 111481T (97.9%) and Sphaerimonospora thailandensis NBRC 107569T (97.4%). However, DNA-DNA relatedness, cultural and physiological and biochemical data showed that strain NEAU-HRGS1-10T can be distinguished from its close relatives. Therefore, it is proposed that strain NEAU-HRGS1-10T represents a novel species of the genus Sphaerimonospora, for which the name Sphaerimonospora triticiradicis sp. nov. is proposed. The type stain is NEAU-HRGS1-10T (= CGMCC 4.7401T = DSM 104915T).

Nonomuraea lactucae sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from rhizosphere soil of lettuce (Lactuca sativa).

A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-YG30T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of lettuce collected in Heilongjiang province, north-east China. The taxonomic position of the strain was investigated using a polyphasic approach. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NEAU-YG30T belongs to the genus Nonomuraea, and shared highest sequence similarity to Nonomuraea muscovyensis KCTC 29233T (97.9 %) and Nonomuraea indica CCTCC AA 209050T (97.6 %). The major menaquinone was identified as MK-9(H4). The major fatty acids were 10-methyl C17 : 0, C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 2-OH, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyl-phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain NEAU-YG30T was 70.5 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization values between them were less than 70 %. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain NEAU-YG30T can be characterized to represent a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraealactucae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-YG30T (=JCM 32549T=CGMCC 4.7506T).

Kribbella monticola sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from soil.

A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-SW521T, was isolated from soil collected from Xianglu Mountain, Heilongjiang province, north PR China. The results of analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that NEAU-SW521T represented a member of the genus Kribbella. The results of phylogenetic analyses using the 16S rRNA gene and multilocus sequence analysis using the concatenated gene sequences of the gyrB, rpoB, relA, recA and atpD genes all indicated that the strain formed a clade with Kribbella alba DSM 15500T (99.16 %), Kribbella ginsengisoli JCM 16928T (98.96 %), Kribbella catacumbae JCM 14968T (98.82 %), Kribbella sancticallisti JCM 14969T (98.62 %), Kribbella qitaiheensis NEAU-GQTH2-3T (98.61 %) and Kribbella koreensis JCM 10977T (98.47 %). The cell wall contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the major diamino acid and the whole-cell hydrolysates were ribose, glucose and galactose. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and an unidentified phospholipid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). Major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. These chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of NEAU-SW521T to the genus Kribbella. The DNA G+C content was 67.8 mol%. Furthermore, the strain could be clearly distinguished by concatenated gene genetic distances, the combination of DNA-DNA hybridization results and some phenotypic characteristics. Therefore, it is proposed that NEAU-SW521T represents a novel species of the genus Kribbella, for which the name Kribbellamonticola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-SW521T (=CGMCC 4.7465T=DSM 105770T).

Arthrobacter silvisoli sp. nov., isolated from forest soil.

A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic strain, NEAU-SA1T, which showed a rod-coccus growth life cycle, was isolated from forest soil from Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province, China. The isolate grew at 10-40 °C (optimum 28 °C), at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and in the presence of up to 5 % (w/v) NaCl, although NaCl was not required for growth. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NEAU-SA1T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter cupressi DSM 24664T (98.1 % similarity). Average nucleotide identity values between NEAU-SA1T and A. cupressi DSM 24664T were 88.91 and 87.41 % by ANIm and ANIb analysis, respectively. The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain NEAU-SA1T and A. cupressi DSM 24664T was 34.20 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. The genomic DNA G+C content was 66.74 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two unidentified glycolipids. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H2). The peptidoglycan type was A3α with an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Lys and l-Ala. Glucose, ribose and galactose were the whole-cell sugars. On the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain NEAU-SA1T was classified as representing a novel species in the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter silvisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-SA1T (=DSM 106716T=CCTCC AB 2017271T).

Microbispora triticiradicis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from the root of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-HRDPA2-9T, was isolated from the roots of wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) and characterized using a polyphasic approach. The morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the strain coincided with those of members of the genus Microbispora. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the isolate was most closely related to Microbispora bryophytorum NEAU-TX2-2T (98.6 %), Microbispora hainanensis DSM 45428T (98.5 %), Microbispora camponoti 2C-HV3T (98.5 %), Microbispora amethystogenes JCM 3021T (98.2 %), Microbispora siamensis NBRC 104113T (98.1 %), Microbispora corallina JCM 10267T (98.0 %) and Microbispora roseasubsp.rosea JCM 3006T (97.9 %). However, two tree-making algorithms supported the position that strain NEAU-HRDPA2-9T formed a distinct clade with M. siamensis NBRC 104113T and M. hainanensis DSM 45428T. Furthermore, a combination of DNA-DNA hybridization results and some physiological and biochemical properties demonstrated that the strain could be distinguished from its closest relatives. Therefore, it is proposed that strain NEAU-HRDPA2-9T should be classified as representative of a novel species of the genus Microbispora, for which the name Microbisporatriticiradicis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-HRDPA2-9T (=CGMCC 4.7399T=DSM 104649T).

Lentzea terrae sp. nov., isolated from soil and an emended description of Lentzea soli.

A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-LZS 42T, was isolated from soil collected from Mount Song, Henan Province, China, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the organism should be assigned to the genus Lentzea and had the closest relationship with Lentzea soli NEAU-LZC 7T (99.1 % similarity) and Lentzea cavernae SYSU K10001T (98.2 %). The major menaquinones were identified as MK-9(H4) and MK-9(H2). The phospholipid profile was found to contain diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, glycophospholipid and three unidentified lipids. The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c and C16 : 0. DNA-DNA hybridization results and some phenotypic characteristics indicated that strain NEAU-LZS 42T could be clearly differentiated from L. soli NEAU-LZC 7T and L. cavernae SYSU K10001T. Therefore, it is concluded that strain NEAU-LZS 42T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which the name Lentzea terrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type stain is NEAU-LZS 42T (=CGMCC 4.7428T=DSM 105696T).

Streptomyces triticisoli sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from rhizosphere soil of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-DSCPA1-4-4T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of wheat and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the organism should be assigned to the genus Streptomyces. The strain formed a monophyletic clade with its closest relatives, Streptomyces ghanaensis DSM 40746T (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Streptomyces viridosporus DSM 40243T (97.6 %). Similarly, chemotaxonomic data, including major menaquinones, fatty acid compositions and polar lipid profile, also supported the placement of strain NEAU-DSCPA1-4-4T in the genus Streptomyces. However, DNA-DNA relatedness, physiological and biochemical data showed that strain NEAU-DSCPA1-4-4T could be distinguished from its closest relatives. Therefore, we propose that strain NEAU-DSCPA1-4-4T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomycestriticisoli sp. nov. is proposed, with NEAU-DSCPA1-4-4T (=CCTCC AA 2017025T=DSM 105118T) as the type strain.

Glycomyces dulcitolivorans sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

A novel actinomycete, designated strain SJ-25T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain SJ-25T belonged to the genus Glycomyces and was closely related to Glycomyces scopariae YIM 56256T (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Glycomyces artemisiae IXS4T (98.8 %), Glycomyces sambucus E71T (98.7 %) and Glycomyces mayteni YIM 61331T (98.4 %). Moreover, key morphological and chemotaxonomic properties also confirmed the affiliation of strain SJ-25T to the genus Glycomyces. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose and xylose. The phospholipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, glycolipid and two unidentified polar lipids. The menaquinones were MK-11, MK-10(H4) and MK-10(H2). Major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 72.2 mol%. The combination of DNA-DNA hybridization results and some phenotypic characteristics demonstrated that strain SJ-25T could be distinguished from its closely related strains. Therefore, it is proposed that strain SJ-25T represents a novel species of the genus Glycomyces, for which the name Glycomycesdulcitolivorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SJ-25T (=CGMCC 4.7414T=DSM 105121T).

Streptomyces lutosisoli sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from muddy soil.

A novel Gram-stain positive, spore-forming, aerobic actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-QTH3-11T, was isolated from muddy soil collected from a stream in Qitaihe, Heilongjiang Province, northeast China and characterised using a polyphasic approach. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain NEAU-QTH3-11T belongs to the genus Streptomyces and is closely related to Streptomyces rhizosphaerihabitans NBRC 109807T (99.38%) and Streptomyces mirabilis JCM 4791T (99.03%). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain formed a cluster with S. rhizosphaerihabitans NBRC 109807T and Streptomyces siamensis NBRC 108799T (98.62%). The menaquinones were identified as MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4). The phospholipid profile was found to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified lipid. The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, C16:0 and C15:0. However, multilocus sequence analysis based on five house-keeping genes (atpD, gyrB, rpoB, recA and trpB), low DNA-DNA hybridization results and some phenotypic, physiological and biochemical properties could differentiate the strain from its close relatives in the genus Streptomyces. Therefore, strain NEAU-QTH3-11T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces lutosisoli sp. nov. is proposed, with NEAU-QTH3-11T (=DSM 42165T=CGMCC 4.7198T) as the type strain.

Streptomyces xiangluensis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from soil.

A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-LA29T, was isolated from soil collected from Xianglu Mountain and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Based on a polyphasic taxonomic approach comprising chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic, morphological and physiological characterisation, the isolate has been affiliated to the genus Streptomyces. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the isolate is closely related to Streptomyces vastus JCM4524T (98.8% identity) and Streptomyces cinereus DSM43033T (97.9%). However, multilocus sequence analysis based on five other house-keeping genes (atpD, gyrB, rpoB, recA and trpB) and low DNA-DNA relatedness values enabled the strain to be differentiated from these closely related species of the genus Streptomyces. Thus, strain NEAU-LA29T is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces xiangluensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-LA29T (= CGMCC 4.7466T = DSM 105786T).

Nonomuraea rhizosphaerae sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg).

A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-mq18T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) collected from Xianglu Mountain in Heilongjiang Province, northeast China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the isolate belongs to the genus Nonomuraea with high sequence similarity to Nonomuraea guangzhouensis NEAU-ZJ3T (98.5%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain clusters phylogenetically with N. guangzhouensis NEAU-ZJ3T and Nonomuraea glycinis NEAU-BB2C19T. Moreover, key chemotaxonomic properties including the major menaquinones, fatty acid composition and phospholipid profile also confirmed the affiliation of the strain to the genus Nonomuraea. However, some physiological, morphological and biochemical properties, and low DNA-DNA relatedness values, enabled the strain to be differentiated from closely related species of the genus Nonomuraea. Thus, strain NEAU-mq18T is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea rhizosphaerae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-mq18T (=CGMCC 4.7431T=DSM 105761T).

Promicromonospora viridis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from soil.

Two Gram-stain positive, aerobic actinomycete strains, designated NEAU-JGR1T and NEAU-JGC41, were isolated from soil collected from Fairy Lake Botanical Garden in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, south of China. The 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis showed that the two strains exhibited 99.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and were closely related to Promicromonospora thailandica JCM 17130T (99.4, 99.3%) and Promicromonospora citrea DSM 43110T (99.2, 99.2%). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains clustered together and formed a cluster with P. thailandica JCM 17130T and P. citrea DSM 43110T. Both strains were observed to contain MK-9(H4) and MK-9(H2) as predominant menaquinones. Their whole cell sugar profiles were found to main contained rhamnose, ribose, glucose and galactose. The phospholipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycophosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified phospholipid. The predominant cellular fatty acids for the two strains were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strains NEAU-JGR1T and NEAU-JGC41 was 85.1 ± 0.3%, and the values between the two strains and their close phylogenetic relatives were well below 70%, supporting the conclusion that they represent a distinct genomic species. An array of phenotypic characteristics also differentiated the isolates from closely related species. On the basis of the genetic and phenotypic properties, strains NEAU-JGR1T and NEAU-JGC41 can be classified as representatives of a novel species of the genus Promicromonospora, for which the name Promicromonospora viridis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-JGR1T (= DSM 105536T = CGMCC 4.7473T).

Two new spliceostatin analogs from the strain Pseudomonas sp. HS-NF-1408.

Two new spliceostatin derivatives, designed as spliceostatin H (1) and spliceostatin I (2), and one known compound FR901464 (3), were isolated from the strain Pseudomonas sp. HS-NF-1408. Their structures were determined by the comprehensive spectroscopic data, including 1D, 2D NMR, MS spectral analysis and comparison with data from the literature. Compound 1 exhibited potent cytotoxicity activity against A549 and HepG2 with IC50 values of 3.57 and 16.72 µg/ml, respectively.

Streptacidiphilus monticola sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from soil.

A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-SW11T, was isolated from soil collected from Binxian, Heilongjiang province, north China. The isolate was found to have chemical and morphological properties of the genus Streptacidiphilus, with the highest sequence similarities to Streptacidiphilus anmyonensis JCM 16223T (98.1 %), Streptacidiphilus jiangxiensis JCM 12277T (97.8 %), Streptacidiphilus melanogenes JCM 16224T (97.6 %) and Streptacidiphilus rugosus JCM 16225T (97.4 %) and it phylogenetically clustered with these four strains. The cell wall contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the major diamino acid and the whole-cell hydrolysates were rhamnose, ribose, glucose and galactose. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and two unidentified phospholipids. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H6). The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C14 : 0 and C15 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 71.0 mol%. However, DNA-DNA hybridization, physiological and biochemical data showed that strain NEAU-SW11T could be distinguished from its closest relatives. Therefore, strain NEAU-SW11T represents a novel species of the genus Streptacidiphilus, for which the name Streptacidiphilus monticola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-SW11T (=CGMCC 4.7427T=DSM 105744T).