TIGIT: A potential immunotherapy target for gynecological cancers.

Gynecological cancer represents a significant global health challenge, and conventional treatment modalities have demonstrated limited efficacy. However, recent investigations into immune checkpoint pathways have unveiled promising opportunities for enhancing the prognosis of patients with cancer. Among these pathways, TIGIT has surfaced as a compelling candidate owing to its capacity to augment the immune function of NK and T cells through blockade, thereby yielding improved anti-tumor effects and prolonged patient survival. Global clinical trials exploring TIGIT blockade therapy have yielded promising preliminary findings. Nevertheless, further research is imperative to comprehensively grasp the potential of TIGIT-based immunotherapy in optimizing therapeutic outcomes for gynecological cancers. This review primarily delineates the regulatory network and immunosuppressive mechanism of TIGIT, expounds upon its expression and therapeutic potential in three major gynecological cancers, and synthesizes the clinical trials of TIGIT-based cancer immunotherapy. Such insights aim to furnish novel perspectives and serve as reference points for subsequent research and clinical application targeting TIGIT in gynecological cancers.

Exploring the effects of Qijiao Shengbai capsule on leukopenic mice from the perspective of intestinbased on metabolomics and 16S rRNA sequencing.

Qijiao Shengbai capsule (QJSB) is formulated according to the traditional Chinese medicine formula, its function is to nourish Qi and blood, improve the body's immunity. Leukopenia has been treated with it in clinical settings. However, the mechanism of leukopenia from the perspective of intestinal tract has not been reported. This study combined metabolomics and 16S rRNA sequencing technologies to investigate the mechanism of QJSB on leukopenia from the intestine. As a result of cyclophosphamide induction in mice, the results demonstrated that QJSB may greatly increase the quantity of peripheral leukocytes (including neutrophils). Meanwhile, QJSB had a restorative effect on the colon of leukopenic mice; it also increased the level of IL-2, IL-6 and G-CSF in the intestine, further enhancing the immunity and hematopoietic function of mice. Metabolic studies showed that QJSB altered 27 metabolites, most notably amino acid metabolism. In addition, QJSB had a positive regulatory effect on the intestinal microbiota, and could alter community composition by improving the diversity and abundance of the intestinal microbial, which mainly involved 6 related bacterial groups, and primarily regulates three associated SCFAs (acetic acid, butyrate acid and valeric acid). Therefore, this study suggests that QJSB can improve hematopoietic function, enhance the immune system, relieve leucopenia and improve the gut in leucopenic mice by modulating metabolic response pathways, fecal metabolites and intestinal microbiota.

Snapshot imaging Mueller matrix polarimeter using modified Savart polariscopes.

We present a snapshot imaging Mueller matrix polarimeter using modified Savart polariscopes (MSP-SIMMP). The MSP-SIMMP contains both the polarizing optics and the analyzing optics encoding all Mueller matrix components of the sample into the interferogram by the spatial modulation technique. An interference model and the methods of reconstruction and calibration are discussed. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed MSP-SIMMP, the numerical simulation and the laboratory experiment of a design example are presented. The remarkable advantage of the MSP-SIMMP is easy to calibrate. Moreover, compared with conventional imaging Mueller matrix polarimeters with rotating parts, the advantage of the proposed instrument is simple, compact, snapshot-enabled, and stationary (no moving parts).

Calibration of spatially modulated snapshot imaging polarimeter based on phase-shift interferometry.

The snapshot imaging polarimeters (SIPs) using spatial modulation have gained increasing popularity due to their capability of obtaining all four Stokes parameters in a single measurement. However, the existing reference beam calibration techniques cannot extract the modulation phase factors of the spatially modulated system. In this paper, a calibration technique based on a phase-shift interference (PSI) theory is proposed to address this issue. The proposed technique can accurately extract and demodulate the modulation phase factors through measuring the reference object at different polarization analyzer orientations and performing a PSI algorithm. Using the snapshot imaging polarimeter with modified Savart polariscopes as an example, the basic principle of the proposed technique is analyzed in detail. Subsequently, the feasibility of this calibration technique was demonstrated by a numerical simulation and a laboratory experiment. This work provides a different perspective for the calibration of a spatially modulated snapshot imaging polarimeter.

Demodulation of polarization information for a spatially modulated snapshot imaging polarimeter based on the coherent demodulation theory.

The snapshot imaging polarimeter (SIP) using spatial modulation can obtain all the Stokes parameters of the target through a single measurement. During demodulating of the polarization information of the target, the reference light calibration method is generally used, including a bandpass filter. In this work, a method to demodulate the target polarization information is proposed, which is based on the coherence demodulation theory. Additionally, this method includes a multiplier and a low-pass filter. Taking a spatially modulated SIP using modified Savart polariscopes as an example, a detailed theoretical analysis of the method is derived, and the computer simulation and experiments are carried out to verify the method's feasibility. To the best of our knowledge, this work provides a novel method for demodulating polarization information of spatially modulated SIPs.