Mechanism of hippocampal CRHR1 regulating chronic stress-induced learning and memory impairment in early aged mice / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective @# To explore the mechanism of hippocampal corticotropin-releasing hormone ( CRH) receptor type 1 ( CRHR1 ) in chronic stress-induced learning and memory impairment in early aged mice．@*Methods@#C57BL /6J mice aged 12 －14 months were divided into two groups according to gender，and then divided into wild type (WT) group and hippocampal CRHR1 conditional gene knockout (KN) group according to genotype．Mice in each group were randomly divided into control group and stress group，and the stress group was subjected to chronic unpredictable stress ( CUS ) for 30 days． Genotyping of mice was performed using polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) ，agarose gel electrophoresis and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) ．The new object rec- ognition experiment and Morris Water maze measured learning and memory ability．Golgi-Cox staining was used to observe damage to hippocampal neuronal dendrites． The protein expressions of target protein of rapamycin (mTOR) ，p-mTOR (Ser2448) ，ribosomal protein S6 kinase ( p70S6K) and p-p70S6K ( Thr389 / Thr412 ) were detected by Western blot．Serum levels of corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH) were measured by ELISA. @*Results @# Compared to mice without chronic stress，the cognitive coefficient of WT stress groups decreased after chron- ic stress，and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0. 05) ，while there was no significant difference in cognitive coefficient of KN stress groups before and after chronic stress．Compared with the WT stress group，the escape latency of the WT control group was shortened (P＜0. 05) ，and the number of crossing the platform and tar- get quadrant increased (P ＜0. 01) ，and there was no significant difference in the KN groups above． Compared with the WT control group，the WT stress group had a significant reduction in the neuronal complexity in the hipp- ocampal CA1，CA3 and DG regions (P ＜0. 05) and significant reductions in the expression of p-mTOR and p- p70S6K in the hippocampus (P＜0. 05) ．There was no significant difference in the expression of p-mTOR between the KN stress group and the KN control group (P＞0. 05) ，except that the expression of p-mTOR in the hippocam- pus of the female group decreased (P＜0. 05) ．In addition，the serum level of CRH in the stress group was higher than that in the control group (P＜0. 01) ．@*Conclusion @#Hippocampal CRHR1 regulates learning and memory im- pairment and neuronal dendrite damage in early aged mice induced by chronic stress．The mechanism may be that high levels of CRH induced by chronic stress cannot bind to CRHR1 receptor，thereby enhancing the expression of down-regulated mTOR / p70S6K signaling pathway.

Clinical and pathological features of intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasms / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical and pathological features and improve the acknowledgement of intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm (ITPN) of pancreas.Methods:Six cases with ITPN in the Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University combined with 40 cases from PubMed and CNKI were retrospectively analyzed. There were 25 males and 21 females, aged (58.6±16.0) years. The clinical manifestations, pathological features, treatment and so on were analyzed.Results:All cases were treated with surgery. The main clinical symptoms were upper abdominal pain and discomfort (23 cases, 50.0%), followed by jaundice (9 cases, 19.6%). Seven cases (15.2%) had no clinical symptoms. Three cases (6.5%) had low back discomfort, chills and other rare symptoms, and 4 cases (8.7%) had no clinical symptoms mentioned in the literature. Tumors of 27 cases (58.7%) located in the head of the pancreas, 9 cases (19.6%) in the body and tail, 4 cases (8.7%) in the whole pancreas, 3 cases (6.5%) in the body, 2 cases (4.3%) in ampulla and 1 case (2.2%) in head and body. Most of the tumors located in the main pancreatic duct. Microscopically, back-to-back tubular glands were densely arranged, parts of them with papillary structure, with obvious cell atypia and many mitoses. Twenty-two cases (47.8%) of ITPN were completely confined to the pancreatic duct, and 24 cases (52.2%) were with associated invasive carcinoma. Tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin 7 and mucin 1, but negative for cytokeratin 20, synaptophysin, chromogranin and trypsin. Mucin 2, mucin 5AC and mucin 6 were negative in most cases. Ki-67 ranged from 10% to 70%.Conclusion:Pancreatic ITPNs were mostly located in the pancreatic head, confined to the main pancreatic duct, and were mostly manifested as pain and discomfort in the upper abdomen. Surgery was the main treatment. Tumors cells of ITPN were arranged in tubular and papillary, with severe epithelial atypia and special immunophenotype, parts of cases accompanied with associated invasive carcinoma.

RNA Modification in Carcinogenesis and Development of Gastric Cancer / 肿瘤防治研究

The occurrence of gastric cancer is closely related to environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors. Currently, RNA modification is a research frontier and hotspot in the field of epigenetics. With the advancements in analytical chemistry and high-throughput sequencing technologies, new technologies and methods of exploring RNA modification are constantly being presented. Numerous studies have confirmed the involvement of RNA modifications in the occurrence and development of various diseases. Recent studies have shown that RNA modifications such as m6A, m5C, and ac4C regulate the malignant progression of various tumors, including gastric cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, and leukemia. This article systematically reviews the research status and mechanism of different RNA modifications in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer, as well as discusses its potential value in the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.

Regulatory T cells and Kawasaki disease / 国际儿科学杂志

Kawasaki disease is an acute, systemic vasculitis that easily injures coronary arteries and is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children.Although the cause of Kawasaki disease remains unknown, it is widely believed that the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease is an inflammatory cascade caused by a combination of infection and genetic predisposition.Regulatory T cells, which express Foxp3 + , CD4 + and CD25 + , are a T-cell subpopulation specialized in immune suppression.There are some correlations between regulatory T cells and Kawasaki disease in pathophysiology, treatment and prognosis.The dysfunction of regulatory T cells may be involved with the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease, but there are few researches on it.This article reviews the progress of regulatory T cells in Kawasaki disease in recent years and summarizes the mechanism of regulatory T cells in the occurrence and repair of Kawasaki disease, prospecting the research future of targeted regulatory T cells therapy in the prevention of coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease.

Neuron injury of amygdala and depression－like behavior in offspring mice induced by chronic pregnancy stress / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective @#To investigate the sex difference of the effects of chronic pregnancy stress on depression-like behavior in offspring adolescent mice and whether the amygdala is involved in mediating depression-like behavior and its possible mechanism．@*Methods @#Male and female of C57BL /6J mice were put in cage together．Pregnant mice were randomly divided into normal control group ( CON group) and chronic pregnancy stress group ( CPS group) ．The day of delivery was recorded as post-natal day(PND0) ．The offspring of different groups were divided into Female group and Male groupaccording to sex，respectively．From PND35，the depressive-like behavior of off- spring was monitored in different groups．Morphological structure of basolateral amygdala (BLA) cone neurone was observed by Golgi-Cox staining，and apoptosis of BLA neurone was detected by TUNEL．Serum corticotrophin-relea- sing hormone ( CRH) was detected by ELISA．The level of protein associated with amygdala mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin ［p-mTOR ( Ser2448) ］was detected by Western blot.@*Results @#Depression-like behavior was appeared in different sexual offspring by chronic pregnancy stress，and there was an interaction between chronic pregnancy stress and gender．In the forced swimming test，the immobility time of offspring in the CPS group prominently increased(Female: P＜0. 05，Male: P＜0. 001) ．Interest- ingly，compared with female offspring ，despairing behavior of male offspring was much more clearly observed in CPS group(P＜0. 05) ．Compared with offspring of CON group，the rate of sucrose preference was significantly re- duced in the female offspring of CPS group(P＜0. 05) ，while no obvious difference was observed in the male off- spring．Compared with the CON group，the density of neuronal dendrite branches in the BLA of offspring mice in the CPS group decreased(Female: P＜0. 01，Male : P＜0. 01) and the degree of neuronal apoptosis increased( Fe- male: P＜0. 001，Male : P ＜0. 001) ，the expression level of p-mTOR in amygdala of offspring mice in CPS group significantly decreased(Female: P＜0. 001，Male: P＜0. 001) ．Chronic pregnancy stress increased the serum CRH level of offspring mice(P＜0. 001) ，and the gender had significant influence on serum CRH level，the serum CRH level of female in CPS group was higher than that of male(P＜0. 05) ．@*Conclusion @#Chronic pregnancy stress leads to depression-like behavior in offspring adolescent mice，and the depression-like behavior has gender differences. In addition，chronic pregnancy stress leads to dendrite atrophy and apoptosis of BLA neurons in offspring mice，and the mechanism may be that the activation of mTOR in the amygdala of offspring mice is inhibited．CRH may be in- volved in mediating sex differences in depression-like behavior and BLA neuron damage in offspring induced by chronic pregnancy stress.

Effects of laryngeal mask ventilation combined with continuous nerve block analgesia on postoperative lung infection in elderly patients undergoing the lower extremity orthopedics surgery / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate effects of laryngeal mask ventilation combined with continuous nerve block analgesia versus the endotracheal intubation under general anesthesia on postoperative lung infection in elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery,so as to provide a theoretical basis for a reasonable anesthesia method.Methods A total of 180 elderly patients undergoing lower extremity orthopedic surgery at our hospital from January 2016 to December 2016 were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups.The control group (n =90) were treated with endotracheal intubation under general anesthesia and intravenous analgesia after the operation,and the observation group (n =90)received the ultrasound-guided continuous nerve block analgesia in spontaneous respiration with laryngeal mask ventilation.The anesthetic dosage,awakening time,visual analogue scale(VAS)scores,and incidence of lung infections at 7 days after surgery were compared between the two groups.Pathogenic strains causing lung infections were isolated and identified.Results The anesthetic dosage was lower in the observation group than in the control group(P ＜ 0.05).The awaking time was shorter in the observation group than in the control group[(22.4±4.4) min vs.(34.1±8.5)min,P ＜0.05].The VAS scores under postoperative exercise were lower in the observation group than in the control group(P ＜0.05).The adverse reaction rate after surgery was lower in the observation group than in control group(3.3％ or 3/90 cases vs.41.1％ or 37/90 cases,P ＜0.05).The incidence of lung infections at 7 days after surgery was lower in the observation group than in the control group(3.3％ or 3/90 cases vs.11.1％ or 10/90 cases,P＜0.05).Ten pathogenic strains were isolated from control group,of which 9 strains were gram-negative bacteria,accounting for 90.0％.Three pathogenic strains were isolated from the observation group,of which 2 strains were gram-negative bacteria,accounting for 66.7％.Conclusions Laryngeal mask ventilation combined with continuous nerve block analgesia can reduce the anesthetic dosage,shorten the awaking time,provide a better analgesic effect and decrease the incidence of lung infections in elderly patients undergoing lower extremity orthopedics.The main pathogenic bacteria are gram-negative bacteria.

Study of the clinicopathologic features of breast cancer between young and elderly women / 中国现代普通外科进展

Objective:To investigate the clinical and pathological features of breast cancer of young women.Methods:The clinical and pathological characteristics of breast carcinoma were compared between young women(≤35 years old,181 cases) and elder women(≥60 years old,186 cases).Results:More tumors were found in left breast,and located in the upper outer quadrant.The major pathological type was invasive ductal carcinoma.There were significant differences in tumor size,histological grading,TNM staging and axillary lymph node metastases(P