Application of flipped classroom based on effective teaching theory in clinical teaching of nursing students in otolaryngology and head and neck surgery / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of flipped classroom teaching based on effective teaching theory in the clinical teaching of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery.Methods:A total of 35 nursing students who received clinical teaching in Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical College, from June 2019 to June 2020 were selected as control group, and 35 nursing students who received clinical teaching from July 2020 to July 2021 were selected as study group. The students in the control group received traditional teaching, and those in the observation group received flipped classroom teaching based on effective teaching theory. The two groups were compared in terms of the scores of theoretical knowledge and practical operation after teaching, abilities of self-learning, analysis and problem-solving, innovative thinking, teamwork, and nurse-patient communication before and after treatment, and the degree of satisfaction with teaching among nursing students. SPSS 24.0 was used to perform the t-test and the chi-square test. Results:After teaching, the study group had significantly higher scores of theoretical knowledge and practical operation than the control group (94.24±3.25/94.65±3.41 vs. 89.54±3.36/88.76±3.37, P < 0.05). After teaching, both groups had significant increases in the scores of self-study ability, analysis and problem-solving ability, innovative thinking ability, teamwork ability, and nurse-patient communication ability, and the study group had significantly higher scores of these abilities than the control group ( P < 0.05). The study group had a significantly higher satisfaction rate of teaching than the control group [94.29% (33/35) vs. 71.43% (25/35)]. Conclusion:In the clinical teaching of nursing students in otolaryngology and head and neck surgery, the application of flipped classroom teaching based on effective teaching theory can improve the understanding of theoretical knowledge and practical operation ability, with significant increases in comprehensive ability and degree of satisfaction with teaching, and therefore, it has a good application value.

Effect of High-Concentration Uric Acid on Nitric Oxide / 中国医学科学院学报

Uric acid (UA) is the final product of purine metabolism in human body,and its metabolic disorder will induce hyperuricemia (HUA).The occurrence and development of HUA are associated with a variety of pathological mechanisms such as oxidative stress injury,activation of inflammatory cytokines,and activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.These mechanisms directly or indirectly affect the bioavailability of endogenous nitric oxide (NO).The decrease in NO bioavailability is common in the diseases with high concentration of UA as an independent risk factor.In this review,we summarize the mechanisms by which high concentrations of UA affect the endogenous NO bioavailability,with a focus on the mechanisms of high-concentration UA in decreasing the synthesis and/or increasing the consumption of NO.This review aims to provide references for alleviating the multisystem symptoms and improving the prognosis of HUA,and lay a theoretical foundation for in-depth study of the correlations between HUA and other metabolic diseases.

Single-port laparoscopy-assisted vaginal repair of a cesarean scar defect: a single-center retrospective study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#The incidence of uterine cesarean scar defect (niche) is high, and some patients require surgery. Single-port laparoscopy can reduce post-operative pain, and provide better cosmetic effects. This study was performed to evaluate the safety and superiority of single-port laparoscopy-assisted vaginal repair of uterine cesarean scar defect (niche) in women after cesarean section.@*METHODS@#This study included 74 patients who were diagnosed with uterine cesarean niche at the Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital from January 2013 to June 2015. Thirty-seven patients underwent single-port laparoscopy-assisted vaginal surgery as the case group, and the remaining patients underwent vaginal repair surgery as the control group. We collected data from the inpatient and follow-up medical records. The clinical characteristics of these two groups were compared. The odds ratios and 95% confidential intervals were calculated for each variable by univariate and multivariate analyses.@*RESULTS@#Patients who underwent single-port laparoscopy-assisted vaginal repair had a significantly longer operation time (2.3 [2.0-2.7] vs. 2.0 [1.6-2.3] h, P = 0.015), shorter gas passage time (1.2 [1.0-1.5] vs. 1.7 [1.0-2.0] days, P = 0.012), shorter hospital stay (3.1 [3.0-4.0] vs. 4.5 [4.0-6.0] days, P = 0.019), and fewer complications (0 vs. 4 cases). Univariate analysis showed that depth of the niche (P = 0.021) the mild adhesiolysis score (P = 0.035) and moderate adhesiolysis score (P = 0.013) were associated with the bladder injury. Multivariate analysis showed that the moderate adhesiolysis score (P = 0.029; 95% confidence interval, 1.318-3.526) was the strongest independent predictor of bladder injury.@*CONCLUSION@#This study confirmed the safety and superiority of single-port laparoscopy-assisted vaginal repair of uterine cesarean scars.

A study on the influence of blood glucose fluctuation on the ultra - structure of thyroid gland tissues in diabetes rats / 预防医学

Objective To learn the injury severity and the possible mechanism of the thyroid tissue of DM rats with different levels of glucose levels. Methods Firstly,20 Wistar rats were treated with STZ to create the experimental diabetic rats models. Then,the DM rats were divided into two groups including the persistence hyperglycemia group(n = 10),and blood glucose fluctuation group(n = 10). Another 10 Wistar rats were treated as the control group. Rats were sacrificed after 12 week treatment. The bilateral thyroid were weighted and the blood biochemistry tests were conducted for detecting glucose level,lipid levels,and thyroid functions. The ultra - structure of thyroid tissue was observed using electron microscope. Results The MBG,LAGE,and SDBG of blood glucose fluctuation group and the persistence hyperglycemia group were all higher than the control group(P ﹤ 0. 05). The MBG of blood glucose fluctuation group were lower than the persistence hyperglycemia group(P ﹤ 0. 05),the SDBG and LAGE were higher than the persistence hyperglycemia group(P ﹤ 0. 05). The TC,FPG,and HbA1c levels of DM rats were significantly higher in blood glucose fluctuation group than in control group(P ﹤ 0. 05). TC ,FPG and TG levels of the DM rats in blood glucose fluctuation group were significantly lower than the rats in persistence hyperglycemia group(P ﹤ 0. 05). No significance of the free T3 and free T4 levels was observed between the diabetes rats in persistence hyperglycemia group and blood glucose fluctuation group. However,the free T3 and T4 levels were significantly lower in both model groups than in control group(P ﹤ 0. 05). The injury of follicular epithelial cells and loss of microvilli were observed in diabetes rats in both the hyperglycemia group and blood glucose fluctuation group. Conclusion The ultra - structure changes of thyroid gland tissues indicated that abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism could result in thyroid gland tissue injury,which is the potential mechanism. However,no difference of the thyroid function and ultra - structure were observed between the hyperglycemia group and blood glucose fluctuation group.

Transgenic Expression and Identification of Recombinant Human Proinsulin in Peanut

The increased incidence of diabetes, coupled with the introduction of alternative insulin delivery methods that rely on higher doses, is expected to result in a substantial escalation in the future demand for affordable insulin. Plant-based systems offer a safe and economical method for producing pharmaceutical proteins. We used peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) as bio-reactors to express biosafe, stable proinsulin. We designed two proinsulin analogues (FAIA and LAIA) with substitutions in their amino acid sequences. The fast-acting insulin analogue (FAIA) contains a Gly inserted between Cys19 and Gly20, as well as a Pro28Asp substitution, in the B chain. The long-acting insulin analogue (LAIA) contains a Gly inserted between Cys19 and Gly20 and two Arg residues inserted into the terminus of the B chain, as well as an Asn21Gly substitution in the A chain. Four plasmids were constructed: pROKII-Flag-FAIA, pROKII-Flag-LAIA, pCAMBIA2301-Oleosin-FAIA and pCAMBIA2301-Oleosin-LAIA. These plasmids were transferred into peanut to produce recombinant proinsulin. Western blot and GUS staining analysis indicated that some transgenic peanut successfully expressed exogenous proinsulin. Peanut seeds can act as insulin storage sites, which is the foundation for further production of recombinant proinsulin from peanut seeds.

Epidemiological survey of childhood asthma in 2010 in urban Baotou, China / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence rate of childhood asthma in 2010 in urban Baotou, China, as well as the characteristics of attacks and the status of diagnosis and treatment of childhood asthma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>More than 10 000 children (0-14 years) were selected from 3 secondary schools, 3 primary schools, 6 kindergartens, and 4 community vaccination sites in urban Baotou by cluster random sampling between September 2009 and August 2010. A standardized preliminary questionnaire was used for screening out suspected cases, which were then confirmed or excluded by a clinician; the confirmed cases underwent further questionnaire survey. Double entry and validation was adopted for all data using Epi-Info software, and analysis was performed using SPSS 13.0.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 11 323 children were surveyed. Asthma was diagnosed in 127 cases (including 121 children with typical asthma and 6 children with cough variant asthma), with a prevalence rate of 1.12%. The prevalence rate of asthma in male children was significantly higher than that in female children (1.51% vs 0.72%; P<0.01). The prevalence rate of asthma in 2010 was significantly increased compared with that in 1990 (0.55%) and 2000 (0.88%) (P<0.05). Systemic glucocorticoid use decreased significantly from 60.2% in 2000 to 25.9% in 2010 (P<0.01); inhaled corticosteroid use increased significantly from 13.6% in 2000 to 85.8% in 2010 (P<0.01); antibiotic use decreased from 98.1% in 2000 to 66.9% in 2010 (P<0.01). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that family history of allergy, allergic rhinitis, chronic cough, and recurrent respiratory tract infection were independent risk factors for childhood asthma.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The prevalence rate of childhood asthma in urban Baotou shows an increasing trend. Inhaled corticosteroids have been widely used.</p>

Prevalence and transmission of oqxAB gene in clinical strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae / 中国感染与化疗杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence and the transmission of oqxAB gene in clinical strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae .Methods Nonduplicate clinical isolates of E.coli (n=72)and K .pneumoniae (n=49)were col-lected.The oqxAB gene was amplified by PCR.The product was sequenced.Plasmid conjugation experiments were done in oqxAB-positive E.coli and K.pneumoniae strains to detemine whether oqxAB gene is located in plasmid.The MICs and mu-tant prevention concentrations (MPCs)for ciprofloxacin were determined in transconjugants with oqxAB gene by agar dilution method.Results The oqxA,oqxB and oqxAB were identified in 15,4,and 7 of the 72 strains of Escherichia coli and 4,1,and 34 of the 49 strains of K.pneumoniae,respectively.The oqxAB gene was positive in 2 (2/16)ciprofloxacin sensitive and 5 (5/56)ciprofloxacin resistant E.coli strains,in 8 (8/14)ciprofloxacin sensitive and 26 (26/35)ciprofloxacin resistant K. pneumoniae strains,respectively.The E.coli and K.pneumoniae strains with or without oqxAB did not show different sus-ceptibility to ciprofloxacin.The oqxA and oqxB sequences from E.coli and K.pneumoniae showed 99% similarity to the se-quences of GeneBank accession number AB601773.1 and accession number FJ975561.1,respectively.The oqxAB gene was successfully transferred in 4 of the 5 oqxAB-positive E.coli strains.The MIC of ciprofloxacin was 0.25-0.5 mg/L against the transconjugants,31-62 times higher than the MICs for the recipient strains.The MPC of ciprofloxacin was 8-16 mg/L against the transconjugants,32 times higher than that for recipient strain J53.The oqxAB gene were not transferred in K. pneumoniae. When the MIC of ciprofloxacin was ≤0.062 5 mg/L,the MPC of ciprofloxacin was 0.25-0.5 mg/L for K.pneumoniae strains with or without oqxAB.When MIC was 0.25-0.5 mg/L,the MPC of ciprofloxacin was 2-16 mg/L for K .pneumoniae strains with or without oqxAB .Conclusions oqxAB gene is present in E .coli and K .pneumoni-ae .The oqxAB gene spreads through plasmid in E .coli.The nonsiginificant difference of oqxAB prevalence between ciproflox-acin sensitive and ciprofloxacin resistant strains indicates that oqxAB gene may mediate low level resistance to ciprofloxacin in E.coli.The E.coli transconjugants of oqxAB gene can produce high level resistance under the selection pressure of ciproflox-acin.The high level resistance in K .pneumoniae under selection pressure of ciprofloxacin is not associated with oqxAB gene, but related to the ciprofloxacin MIC against these strains.

Preliminary study of Sub-Health Measurement Scale Version1.0 norms for Chinese civil servants / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the norms of Sub-Health Measurement Scale Version1.0 (SHMS V1.0) for Chinese civil servants.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We sampled a total of 15 000 civil servants form Tianjin (north China), Guangdong (south China), Anhui and Hunan (central China), Xinjiang (northwest China) and Shenyang (northeast China) to perform the spot trial, and established the mean, percentile and threshold norms based on the characteristics of SHMS V1.0 scores for Chinese civil servants.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The established norms based on the average scores of SHMS V1.0 showed a mean score of 66.55∓12.36 for young male subjects (below 40 years), 67.42∓12.40 for older male subjects, 66.22∓11.81 for female subjects younger than 40 years, and 65.94∓11.91 for older female subjects. The threshold norms of SHMS V1.0 divided 5 health states, namely disease, severe sub-health, moderate sub-health, mild sub-health and healthy states according to the Mean∓SD and Mean∓0.5SD of the converted scores. The 4 cut-off points were close to the 15th, 30th, 70th and 85th percentile scores of SHMS V1.0.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We have established SHMS V1.0 norms for Chinese civil servants, which facilitates further investigation of the incidence of sub-health state and its contributing factors in civil servants.</p>

Sequencing and analysis of the complete genome of encephalomyocarditis virus strain GXLC isolated from swine / 病毒学报

The complete genome of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV)strain GXLC isolated from swine was sequenced and analyzed. Five overlapped gene fragments covering the entire open reading frame (ORF) were amplified by RT-PCR, and the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) and 5'-UTR were amplified by the 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and 5'-RACE method, respectively. The genome sequences of strain GXLC were obtained by assembling the sequences of RT-PCR-generated cDNA fragments. The length of the complete genome was 7 725 nucleotides (nt). The homology comparison and phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences between strain GXLC and other EMCV strains available in GenBank were performed. The results showed that the complete genome identity between GXLC strain and the strains from China, i.e. GX0601, GX0602, BJC3 and HB1 and the strains from other countries, i.e. CBNU, K3, K11, TEL-2887A, EMCV-R and PV21 was over 99%. The phylogenetic trees based on the complete genome, the structural protein or the non-structural protein gene sequences revealed that the tree topology was similar. All the EMCV strains could be divided into two groups: group I and group II, and group I could be subdivided into subgroup Ia and subgroup Ib. The strains from swine belonged to subgroup Ia or Ib, and the strains from mice belonged to subgroup Ia, while the strains from Sus scro fa belonged to group II. Strain GXLC, together with other EMCV isolates from China, belonged to subgroup Ia.

Reversal effect of recombinant human Endostatin on cisplatin resistance line A549/DDP human lung adenocarcinoma cells / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective To evaluate reverse effect of recombinant human Endostatin on drug-resistance of A549/DDP cells to cisplatin (DDP). Methods Lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 and its DDP-resistant cell line A549/DDP were treated with DDP and recombinant human Endostatin. Difference in drug resistance was analyzed between different regimens ( DDP, Endostatin and combination) and between different cell lines ( human lung adenocarcinoma A549 and drug resistant A549/DDP), after a 72h-treatment in vitro. Reverse effect of recombinant human Endostatin on drug-resistance of A549/DDP to DDP was tested by MTT assay. Results The observed 50% inhibitory concentration ( IC50 ) was (0.72 ± 0.05 ) ug/ml against A549 and ( 11.54 ± 0.64)against A549/DDP in DDP, and (2.0 ± 0.1 ) μg/ml against A549/DDP in rh-Endostatin- DDP combination respectively, with a reversal fold (RF) of 5.77 and a relative reversal rate of 88. 2%. Conclusion rh-Endostatin may reverse drug-resistance of A549/DDP cells to DDP.

Medical thoracoscopy in the diagnosis of complicate pleural effusion / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the role of medical thoracoscopy in the diagnosis of the pleural effusion of unknown etiology.@*METHODS@#The results of 36 patients with the pleural disease of unknown etiology diagnosed by medical thoracoscopy were retrospectively analyzed, including the pathologic results and the complications.@*RESULTS@#Among the 36 patients, 35 were determined with positive rate of 97.2%, and no serious complications was found.@*CONCLUSION@#Medical thoracoscopy is an important method of diagnosing complicate pleural effusion, and has high positive rate. It is a simple operation, with no serious complication, and fast recovery.