Analysis of the Economic Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease With Comorbidities Among Patients in Xuzhou, China.

Objectives: To analyze the costs and medication patterns of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and comorbidities in Xuzhou, China, using a large electronic medical records database. Methods: Data were obtained from an electronic medical records database. The annual per-person and per-visit cost of hospitalization, as well as the proportions of those costs, are presented. Results: The majority of the participants were middle-aged men, and had medical insurance. Glomerulonephritis was the primary cause of CKD in patients with an identified etiology. The average per-visit cost of hospitalization for the CKD-renal anemia and CKD-mineral and bone disorder groups was 8,674.5 (5,154.3-13,949.6) and 8,182.6 (4,798.2-12,844.7) Yuan, respectively, which was greater than that of the other groups. The major expenses incurred were for diagnostics, drug usage, surgical procedures, laboratory tests and material costs. Conclusion: The substantial burden imposed by CKD with comorbidities indicates the importance of implementing public health strategies aimed at detecting and preventing these conditions in the general population. With the aging population, our nation may experience a greater CKD-related economic burden.

Prevalence and Patterns of Multimorbidity Among Adults Aged 18 Years and Older - China, 2018.

What is already known about this topic?: Multimorbidity is becoming more common and poses a major challenge to healthcare systems. However, the prevalence and patterns of multimorbidity among Chinese adults aged ≥18 years are largely unknown. What is added by this report?: This study found that 46.5% of Chinese adults had multimorbidity in 2018. And the prevalence of multimorbidity prevalence is increased with age. Prevalence of multimorbidity was higher among men, Han Chinese, adults with lower educational level, and those with lower household income. The most common multimorbidity pattern is a combination of three chronic conditions, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. What are the implications for public health practices?: As multimorbidity diversifies characteristics and patterns, guideline development, clinical management, and public intervention should consider the complexity of multimorbidity.

Design and application of a kind of anti-bedsore turning pad / 中华危重病急救医学

Patients who are bedridden are for a long-time prone to develop bedsores, especially in the hip and sacral areas and limbs, which causes eczema, ulcers, infection and other complications, resulting in pain and more medical costs. Therefore, the medical staff of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University designed and developed a kind of anti-bedsore turning pad, and has obtained the national utility model patent (ZL 2021 2 3004923.9), which is suitable for various long-term bedridden patients. The anti-bedsore turning pad includes the center axis of the turning pad, and ventilation pad 1 and ventilation pad 2 designed on the left and right of turning pad center axis. Under the ventilation pad 1 and the ventilation pad 2, the air pad 1 and the air pad 2 are respectively designed. There is a bedspread connected with ventilation pad 1 and ventilation pad 2 on the inflatable pad 1 and the inflatable pad 2. Through the design of inflatable pad 1 and inflatable pad 2, the left and right of the anti-bedsore turning pad can be lowered or raised independently, which is convenient for the patient's body to tilt and turn over, and can significantly reduce the number of nursing staff and the burden of nursing staff when turning over. In addition, it is convenient to replace the force site at any time and reduce the occurrence of pressure ulcers caused by long-term pressure on the force site. Through the design of ventilation cushion 1 and ventilation cushion 2, the internal gas flow of the turning pad can be made, and the ventilation between the patient and the turning pad can be kept dry, so as to reduce the occurrence of eczema, ulcers or infection and other complications, and ultimately reduce the occurrence of bedsores. In addition, through the design of the most superficial limb pad, the patient's limb can be appropriately elevated or massaged, which increases the comfort of the patient. The anti-bedsore turning pad is simple and effective, and can be widely used in long-term bedridden patients.

Forkhead Box M1 Regulates the Proliferation,Invasion,and Drug Resistance of Gastric Cancer Cells via circ_NOTCH1 / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the impacts of forkhead box M1(FOXM1)on the proliferation,invasion,and drug resistance of gastric cancer cells by regulating the circular RNA circ_NOTCH1.Methods Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR were performed to determine the expression of FOXM1 protein and circ_NOTCH1,respectively,in the gastric cancer tissue,para-carcinoma tissue,human normal gastric mucosa epithelial cell line GES-1 and gastric cancer cell lines MGC-803,HGC-27,and BGC-823.BGC-823 cells were classified into the following groups:control,short hairpin RNA FOXM1(sh-FOXM1)and negative control(sh-NC),small interfering RNA circ_NOTCH1(si-circ_NOTCH1)and negative control(si-NC),and sh-FOXM1+circ_NOTCH1 overexpression plasmid(sh-FOXM1+pcDNA-circ_NOTCH1)and sh-FOXM1+negative control(sh-FOXM1+pcDNA).CCK-8 assay and clone formation assay were employed to measure the cell proliferation,and Transwell assay to measure cell invasion.After treatment with 1.0 mg/L adriamycin for 48 h,the cell resistance in each group was analyzed.Western blotting was employed to determine the expression levels of FOXM1,proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),Bax,multi-drug resistance-associated protein 1(MRP1),and multi-drug resistance gene 1(MDR1).RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation were employed to examine the binding of circ_NOTCH1 to FOXM1 protein.Results Compared with those in the para-carcinoma tissue,the expression levels of FOXM1 protein and circ_NOTCH1 in the gastric cancer tissue were up-regulated(all P<0.001).Compared with GES-1 cells,MGC-803,HGC-27,and BGC-823 cells showed up-regulated expression levels of FOXM1 protein and circ_NOTCH1(all P<0.001).Compared with the control group and sh-NC group,the sh-FOXM1 group with down-regulated expression of FOXM1 protein and circ_NOTCH1 showed decreased optical density value,clone formation rate,cell invasion number,and cell viability,down-regulated expression of PCNA,MRP1,and MDR1,and up-regulated expression of Bax protein in BGC-823 cells(all P<0.001).Compared with the control group and the si-NC group,the si-circ_NOTCH1 group with down-regulated expression of circ_NOTCH1 showed decreased optical density value,clone formation rate,cell invasion number,and cell viability,down-regulated expression of PCNA,MRP1,and MDR1,and up-regulated expression of Bax protein in BGC-823 cells(all P<0.001).Compared with sh-FOXM1 group and sh-FOXM1+pcDNA group,the sh-FOXM1+pcDNA-circ_NOTCH1 group with up-regulated expression of circ_NOTCH1 showed increased optical density value,clone formation rate,cell invasion number,and cell viability,up-regulated expression of PCNA,MRP1,and MDR1,and down-regulated expression of Bax protein(all P<0.001).FOXM1 protein was able to interact with circ_NOTCH1.Conclusion Interference with FOXM1 may inhibit the proliferation,invasion,and drug resistance of gastric cancer cells by silencing circ_NOTCH1 expression.

Effect of Yiqi Liangxue Shengji Formula （益气凉血生肌方） on Recurrence of Angina Pectoris and Quality of Life after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Coronary Heart Disease Patients with Qi Deficiency and Blood Stasis Syndrome and Binding of Stasis and Heat Syndrome： A Randomized， Triple-blind， Placebo-controlled Parallel Trial / 中医杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical effect of Yiqi Liangxue Shengji Formula （益气凉血生肌方， YLSF） on recurrence of angina pectoris and quality of life at eight weeks after perecutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. MethodsEighty-two coronary artery disease （CAD） patients with qi deficiency and blood stasis and binding of stasis and heat syndrome who had underwent PCI were randomly divided into two groups with 41 patients each in the treatment group and the control group. Based on conventional western medicine after PCI， patients in the treatment group orally took YLSF granules while those in the control group were administered with placebo， one dose daily for 8 weeks. The recurrence rate of angina pectoris and readmission rate within eight weeks after PCI were recorded. Before and after treatment， total traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score， Seattle Angina Questionnaire （SAQ） scores （physical limitation， angina stability， angina frequency， treatment satisfaction and disease perception）， and the SF-36 scores for quality of life （physical and mental health） were evaluated. The adverse reactions during medication in both groups were recorded. ResultsWithin eight weeks after PCI， the recurrence rate of angina pectoris in the treatment group （4/41， 9.76%） was significantly lower than that in the control group （11/41， 26.83%， P＜0.05）. The readmission rate in the treatment group was 2.44% （1/41）， while that in the control group was 12.20% （5/41）， with no significantly statistical difference （P＞0.05）. After treatment， total TCM syndrome score significantly decreased in both groups， while in terms of quality of life， the SAQ scores on domains of angina stability， angina frequency and disease perception as well as SF-36 total scores， physical health and mental health scores significantly increased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared between the two groups， total TCM syndrome score was significantly lower in the treatment group than the control group （P＜0.01）， while no significant differences were found in SAQ scores and SF-36 total， physical and mental health scores （P＞0.05）. No adverse reactions occurred in both groups during the treatment period. ConclusionYLSF can reduce the recurrence rate of angina pectoris within eight weeks after PCI for coronary artery disease， and can improve the TCM syndrome score， and have sound safety， with comparable effect to that of placebo in improving postoperative short-term quality of life.

Long non-coding RNA GATA6-AS1 inhibits proliferation,apoptosis,and metastasis of 5-fluorouracil resistant gastric cancer cells SGC7901/5-FU by regulating GATA6 / 肿瘤

Objective:To investigate the effects of regulation of GATA6 expression by long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)GATA6 antisense RNA 1(GATA6-AS1)on the proliferation,apoptosis,and metastasis of 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)resistant gastric cancer(GC)cells SGC7901/5-FU,and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods:Parental SGC7901 cells and SGC7901/5-FU cells were used as controls(treated with blank culture medium).Empty vector pcDNA3.1(control for GATA6-AS1 overexpression),recombinant vector pcDNA3.1-GATA6-AS1(for GATA6-AS1 overexpression),shNC(negative control for GATA6-AS1 silencing)or shGATA6-AS1(for GATA6-AS1 silencing)were transfected into SGC7901/5-FU cells by Lipofectamine 2000 to overexpress or silent GATA-AS1.The mRNA expression of GATA6-AS1 and GATA6 in cells of different treatment groups were examined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.After 5-FU treatment,the proliferation,migration,invasion and apoptosis were analyzed by CCK-8 assay,wound-healing assay,Transwell assay,and flow cytometry(FCM)assay,respectively.The protein expression levels of Bax,Bcl-2,Caspase 3 and GATA6 in different treatment groups were examined by Western blotting.The stability of GATA6 mRNA was evaluated after α-amanitin treatment.The relationship between GATA6-AS1 and GATA6 was studied by RNA pull-down experiment.Furthermore,the SGC7901 cell transplantation tumor model was established using Balb/c nude mice,and the grouping was the same as in vitro experiments with 12 mice in each group.The tumor growth was recored and the tumor inhibition rate was calculated after 5-FU treatment.The histopathological changes of tumor tissue in each group was assessed by HE staining.The protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)in tumor tissues of nude mice in each group was detected by Western blotting. Results:Compared with parental SGC7901 cells(control group),the expression of GATA6-AS1 and GATA6 mRNA was significantly downregulated in SGC7901/5-FU cells(P＜0.05);the proliferation,migration and invasion of SGC7901/5-FU cells was significantly decreased while the apoptosis of SGC7901/5-FU cells was significantly decreased(P＜0.05);the protein expression levels of GATA6,Bax and Caspase 3 were significantly decreased while that of Bcl-2 was significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with SGC7901/5-FU-pcDNA group,the above changes showed opposite trends in SGC7901/5-FU cells overexpressing GATA6-AS1.Compared with SGC7901/5-FU-shNC group,the expression of GATA6-AS1 and GATA6 mRNA was significantly downregulated in GATA6-AS1-silencing SGC7901/5-FU cells(P＜0.05);the proliferation,migration and invasion of GATA6-AS1-silencing SGC7901/5-FU cells was significantly decreased while apoptosis of GATA6-AS1-silencing SGC7901/5-FU cells was significantly decreased(P＜0.05);the protein expression levels of GATA6,Bax and Caspase 3 were significantly decreased while that of Bcl-2 was significantly increased(P＜0.05).GATA6-AS1 can increase the stability of GATA6 mRNA and positively regulate the expression of GATA6.In vivo characterization showed that,compared with mice transplanted with parental SGC7901 cells,the tumor volume and PCNA protein expression in tumor tissues were significantly increased in mice transplanted with drug resistant SGC7901/5-FU cells after 5-FU treatment(P＜0.05).Mice in SGC7901/5-FU-GATA6-AS1 group showed significantly reduced tumor volume and PCNA protein expression compared with the SGC7901/5-FU-pcDNA group(P＜0.05),and pathological analysis of the tumor tissues revealed milder development of GC in SGC7901/5-FU-GATA6-AS1 group.Whereas,mice in SGC7901/5-FU-shGATA6-AS1 group showed significantly increased tumor volume and PCNA protein expression compared with the SGC7901/5-FU-shNC group(P＜0.05),and histopathological analysis of the tumor tissues revealed severer development of GC in SGC7901/5-FU-shGATA6-ASl group. Conclusion:Overexpression of GATA6-AS1 can promote the expression of GATA6,inhibit the growth of GC cells,and thus reverse the resistance of SGC7901/5-FU cells to 5-FU.

Role of Mitophagy in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Chinese Medicine Treatment / 中国结合医学杂志

Mitophagy is one of the important targets for the prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). Moderate mitophagy can remove damaged mitochondria, inhibit excessive reactive oxygen species accumulation, and protect mitochondria from damage. However, excessive enhancement of mitophagy greatly reduces adenosine triphosphate production and energy supply for cell survival, and aggravates cell death. How dysfunctional mitochondria are selectively recognized and engulfed is related to the interaction of adaptors on the mitochondrial membrane, which mainly include phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN)-induced kinase 1/Parkin, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α/Bcl-2 and adenovirus e1b19k Da interacting protein 3, FUN-14 domain containing protein 1 receptor-mediated mitophagy pathway and so on. In this review, the authors briefly summarize the main pathways currently studied on mitophagy and the relationship between mitophagy and MIRI, and incorporate and analyze research data on prevention and treatment of MIRI with Chinese medicine, thereby provide relevant theoretical basis and treatment ideas for clinical prevention of MIRI.

Anti-inflammatory Therapy Progress in Major Adverse Cardiac Events after PCI: Chinese and Western Medicine / 中国结合医学杂志

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the leading causes of death in cardiovascular disease. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is an important method for the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD), and it has greatly reduced the mortality of ACS patients since its application. However, a series of new problems may occur after PCI, such as in-stent restenosis, no-reflow phenomenon, in-stent neoatherosclerosis, late stent thrombosis, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and malignant ventricular arrhythmias, which result in the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) that seriously reduce the postoperative benefit for patients. The inflammatory response is a key mechanism of MACE after PCI. Therefore, examining effective anti-inflammatory therapies after PCI in patients with ACS is a current research focus to reduce the incidence of MACE. The pharmacological mechanism and clinical efficacy of routine Western medicine treatment for the anti-inflammatory treatment of CHD have been verified. Many Chinese medicine (CM) preparations have been widely used in the treatment of CHD. Basic and clinical studies showed that effectiveness of the combination of CM and Western medicine treatments in reducing incidence of MACE after PCI was better than Western medicine treatment alone. The current paper reviewed the potential mechanism of the inflammatory response and occurrence of MACE after PCI in patients with ACS and the research progress of combined Chinese and Western medicine treatments in reducing incidence of MACE. The results provide a theoretical basis for further research and clinical treatment.

Using 16S rDNA Sequencing Technology to Preliminarily Analyze Intestinal Flora in Children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#We investigated changes in the intestinal flora of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP).@*Methods@#Between September 2019 and November 2019, stool samples from 14 children with MPP from The Fourth Hospital of Baotou city, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, were collected and divided into general treatment (AF) and probiotic (AFY) groups, according to the treatment of "combined Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Bacillus cereus tablets live". High-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing was used to identify intestinal flora.@*Results@#Intestinal flora abundance and diversity in children with MPP were decreased. Both Shannon and Simpson indices were lower in the AF group when compared with healthy controls ( P < 0.05). When compared with healthy controls, the proportion of Enterorhabdus was lower in the AF group, while the proportion of Lachnoclostridium was higher ( P < 0.05). The proportion of Bifidobacteria and Akkermansia was lower in the AFY group but Enterococcus, Lachnoclostridium, Roseburia, and Erysipelatoclostridium proportions were higher. The proportion of Escherichia coli- Shigella in the AFY group after treatment was decreased ( P < 0.05).@*Conclusions@#The intestinal flora of children with MPP is disturbed, manifested as decreased abundance and diversity, and decreased Bifidobacteria. Our probiotic mixture partly improved intestinal flora disorders.

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Therapeutic Effect of Acupuncture on Migraine.

Background: Migraine is an intractable headache disorder, manifesting as periodic attacks. It is highly burdensome for patients and society. Acupuncture treatment can be beneficial as a supplementary and preventive therapy for migraine. Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for migraine, and to examine transcranial doppler changes after acupuncture. Methods: Reports, conference, and academic papers published before March 15, 2019 in databases including PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WANFANG Database, Chinese journal of Science and Technology, and China Biomedical were searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving acupuncture, sham acupuncture, and medication in migraine were included. The Cochrane Collaboration software, RevMan 5.3, was used for data processing and migration risk analysis. Results: Twenty-eight RCTs were included. 15 RCTs included medication only, 10 RCTs included sham acupuncture only, and 3 RCTs included both. The study included 2874 patients, split into 3 groups: acupuncture treatment group (n = 1396), medication control group (n = 865), and sham acupuncture control group (n = 613). The results showed that treatment was more effective in the acupuncture group than in the sham acupuncture group (MD = 1.88, 95% CI [1.61, 2.20], P < 0.00001) and medication group (MD = 1.16, 95% CI [1.12, 1.21], P < 0.00001). Improvement in visual analog scale (VAS) score was greater in the acupuncture group than in the sham acupuncture group (MD = -1.00, 95% CI [-1.27,-0.46], P < 0.00001; MD = -0.59, 95% CI [-0.81,-0.38], P < 0.00001), and their adverse reaction rate was lower than that of the medication group (RR = 0.16, 95% CI [0.05, 0.52], P = 0.002). The improvement of intracranial blood flow velocity by acupuncture is better than that by medication, but the heterogeneity makes the result unreliable. Conclusions: Acupuncture reduced the frequency of migraine attacks, lowered VAS scores, and increased therapeutic efficiency compared with sham acupuncture. Compared with medication, acupuncture showed higher effectiveness with less adverse reactions and improved intracranial blood circulation. However, owing to inter-study heterogeneity, a prospective, multicenter RCT with a large sample is required to verify these results.

Active loading of verteporfin into cationic liposome for neovasculature- and tumor-targeted photodynamic therapy / 药学学报

To target neovasculature and tumor cells, a novel cationic liposome with verteporfin (BPD) active-loaded in lumen (CLL) was designed and its basic in vitro and in vivo behaviors were evaluated in this study. Calcium acetate gradient loading method was applied to encapsulate BPD actively and cationic lipid (2,3-dioleoy-loxy-propyl)-trimethylammonium (DOTAP) was added by post-insertion for the positive charge of CLL. Results of characterization showed that the diameter and zeta-potential of CLL were around 100 nm and 28 mV, respectively. Compared with passive loading liposomes, CLL significantly enhanced the stability of BPD loading. What's more, the loaded BPD in lumen could switch off the fluorescence and photosensitization during blood circulation by homo-fluorescence resonance energy transfer (homo-FRET) effect, leading to the diminished phototoxicity to normal tissues. In vitro cellular uptake and cytotoxicity assay exhibited that positive charge dramatically enhanced the uptake of CLL both in vascular endothelial cells and tumor cells leading to superior therapeutic efficacy. In vivo study further showed that CLL reduced the clearance rate and increased tumor accumulation compared with passive loading group. Quantitative results of exvivo organ indicated that negligible CLL distributed in normal organs contributing to low phototoxicity. Animal experiments were conducted according to the Guidelines of the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Peking University Health Science Center and International Animal Experiments. In conclusion, we successfully designed a novel cationic targeting liposome that overcame the limitations of passive loading and significantly enhanced the efficacy of photodynamic therapy.

Difficulties and strategies of public hospitals from the epicenter in their participation in the prevention and control of COVID-19 / 中华医院管理杂志

Outbreak of COVID-19 across the country has seriously threatened people′s lives and health, endangering smooth operation of the national economy and social stability. An all-out campaign to save these patients and reduce their mortality is not only one of the key tasks to fight against the epidemic, but also a major responsibility and mission of public hospitals. In view of the field practice of Wuhan Union Hospital in the epicenter, the authors described the challenges faced by such hospitals in the prevention and control, summarized its experiences and proposed improvement measures, for reference of other public hospitals and relevant authorities.

Anti-inflammatory Effect of Gentiopicroside in Adjuvant-induced Arthritis Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To study the therapeutic and inflammatory effects of gentiopicroside(GPS) on adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) rats. Method::The 36 male SD rats were randomly divided into six groups, namely the model group, GPS groups (low, medium and high dose), and the methotrexate (MTX) group, with six rats in each group. AA rats were induced through intradermal injection with 0.1 mL complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the right hind paw, except the normal group. After modeling, rats in each group were treated with drugs for 7 days, once a day. The doses were 30, 60, 120 mg·kg-1 in the GPS groups, and 0.2 mg·kg-1 in the MTX group. The normal group and the model group were intragastrically treated with the same volume of normal saline. During the experiment, the paw thickness and paw volume of rats were recorded everyday by the digital vernier calipers and the toe volume measuring instrument. On the seventh day, X-ray and histopathological examination of the ankle joints were performed by the small animal living imaging instrument and hematoxylin eosin stain. Blood samples were collected from the abdominal aorta at the end of the experiment to determine the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) kits. The mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in synovial tissues were determined by Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR). Result::Compared with the normal group, the results of each index in the model group were significantly different (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the results of paw volume and paw thickness decreased significantly (P<0.01), TNF-α level decreased significantly (P<0.01), and IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA levels decreased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01) in drug treated groups. The results of X-ray and histopathological examinations indicated that GPS had a protective effect on the ankle joints of AA rats. Conclusion::GPS has the therapeutic effect on AA rats by inhibiting levels of proinflammatory cytokines in serum and relevant mRNA levels in synovial tissues.

Effects of cranial magnetic therapy on swallowing，articulation function and quality of life in wallenberg syndrome patients / 中风与神经疾病杂志

@#Objective　To investigate the effects of cranial magnetic therapy on swallowing，articulation function and quality of life in Wallenberg syndrome patients with dysphagia. Methods　Patients with Wallenberg syndrome in our hospital from February 2017 to January 2019 July，and randomly divided into two groups，each with 55 cases. The observation group was given routine treatment and cranial magnetic therapy，while the control group was given routine treatment and rehabilitation training. The swallowing，hyoid bone displacement，penetration-aspiration degree，articulation function，and quality of life were assessed by the Kubota’s water swallow test，Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study，Rosenbek penetration-aspiration scale，dysphagia assessment scale，and World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Scale（WHOQOL-BREF）. Results　After treatment，the abnormal rate of swallowing function was decreased in the observation group［32.73（18/55） vs 100%（55/55）］ and control group［56.36%（31/55） vs 100%（55/55）］，and that of the observation group was lower than the control group［32.73（18/55） vs 56.36%（31/55），P<0.05］. The maximal displacement of hyoid bone was increased in both groups after treatment（P<0.05），and was larger in the observation group than in the control group（P<0.05）. The proportion of patients at Rosenbek grade 2，grade 3，grade 4 was increased in the observation group，and was higher than that of the control group（P<0.05）. The proportion of patients at Rosenbek grade 6，grade 7 and grade 8 was decreased in the observation group，and was lower than that of the control group（P<0.05）. The efficiency rate of dysphagia treatment in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group［96.36%（53/55） vs 78.18%（43/55），P<0.05］. After treatment，the abnormal rate of articulation function was decreased in the observation group［41.82%（23/55） vs 89.09%（49/55）］ and control group［70.91%（39/55） vs 87.27%（48/55）］，and that of the observation group was lower than the control group［41.82%（23/55） vs 70.91%（39/55），P<0.05］. After treatment，the effective rate of dysarthria treatment in the observation group was higher than that of the control group［72.73%（40/55） vs 61.82%（34/55），P<0.05］. After treatment，the scores of each dimension and total score of WHOQOL scale were increased in both groups，and were higher in the observation group than in the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion　Cranial magnetic therapy can effectively ameliorate the dysphagia and dysarthria for wallenberg syndrome patients with dysphagia，which can also improve the quality of life，and is worthy of promotion.

Difficulties and strategies of public hospitals in their participation in the prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia / 中华医院管理杂志

Outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NC) across the country has seriously threatened people's lives and health, endangering smooth operation of the national economy and social stability. An all-out campaign to save the NCP patients and reduce their mortality is not only one of the key tasks to fight against the epidemic, but also a major responsibility and mission of public hospitals. In view of the field practice of Wuhan Union Hospital in the epicenter, the authorsDescribed the challenges faced by such hospitals in the prevention and control, summarized its experiences and proposed improvement measures, for reference of other public hospitals and relevant authorities.

Associations of health literacy and screen time with non-suicidal self-injury behavior among middle school students in Shenyang / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To examine the association of health literacy (HL) and screen time (ST) with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in middle school students, and to provide guidance for prevention on self-injuries in adolescents.

Overexpression of the ChVDE gene, encoding a violaxanthin de-epoxidase, improves tolerance to drought and salt stress in transgenic Arabidopsis.

To investigate the protective mechanism of violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) zeaxanthin in Cerasus humilis under drought and salt-stress conditions, we cloned the entire cDNA sequence of ChVDE from C. humilis and generated ChVDE-overexpression (OE) and ChVDE-complementation (CE) Arabidopsis plants. The open reading frame of ChVDE contained 1,446 bp nucleotides and encoded 481 amino acids. The ChVDE showed the highest similarity with those of Camellia sinensis and Citrus sinensis. Subcellular localization analysis showed that ChVDE was located in the chloroplasts. OE plants showed stronger root growth and higher levels of total chlorophyll as compared to WT and VDE mutant (npq1-2) plants. Moreover, the relative de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle pigments (A + Z)/(V + A+Z) was higher in OE plants than in the controls. OE plants had enhanced photosynthetic rates, respiration rates, and transpiration rates compared with the WT or npq1-2 plants after drought or salt treatment. Collectively, our results demonstrate that ChVDE plays a positive role in both drought and salt tolerance.

The study of the relationship between mammographic features and histological findings of BIGRADS 3 ,4 / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation between mammographic features in BIGRADS 3,4 and the corresponding histological findings.Methods 442 patients with 46 9 lesions categorized as 3 ,4 in BIGRADS on mammography from July 20 1 3 to February 20 1 5 were retrospectively analyzed.The correlation between mammographic features and histological findings was statistically analyzed.Results Among the 469 lesions,130 lesions were categorized as BIGRADS 3,with 13 pathologically confirmed malignant lesions and 117 benign lesions.There were 3 3 9 lesions in BIGRADS 4,with 9 8 malignant lesions and 241 benign lesions.There were statistical differences between benign and malignant lesions (P＜0.05)in mass morphology,mass margin,calcification morphology,calcification distribution,architectural distortion,asymmetries and axillary adenopthy.There were no statistically significant differences (P＞0.05 )in breast composition, mass density or location.The logistic regression analysis with above mentioned significance indexs showed that the F value was 4.3 1 1 , with the significance probability (P＜0.001 ).The mass shape,the edge of the mass,the calcification shape,the calcification distribution,the structure distortion,the asymmetrical compact shadow,and the axillary lymph node enlargement were all correlated with the benign and malignant of the tumors.Conclusion The mammographic features of BIGRADS category 3 and 4 including the mass morphology, margin,calcification morphology,calcification distrubution,architectural distortion,asymmetries,and axillary adenopthy could help us to improve the accuracy diagnoses between benign and malignant lesions.

Microwatts continuous-wave pumped second harmonic generation in few- and mono-layer GaSe.

We demonstrate the first achievement of continuous-wave (CW) pumped second harmonic generation (SHG) in few- and mono-layer gallium selenide (GaSe) flakes, which are coated on silicon photonic crystal (PC) cavities. Because of ultrahigh second order nonlinearity of the two-dimensional (2D) GaSe and localized resonant mode in the PC cavity, SHG's pump power is greatly reduced to microwatts. In a nine-layer GaSe coated PC cavity, while the optical power inside the GaSe flake is only 1.5% of that in the silicon PC slab, the SHG in GaSe is more than 650 times stronger than the third harmonic generation in silicon slab, indicating 2D GaSe's great potentials to strengthen nonlinear processes in silicon photonics. Our study opens up a new view to expand 2D materials' optoelectronic applications in nonlinear regime and chip-integrated active devices.

Effects of Synthetic Long-Chain Polyphosphate on Blood Coagulation and Platelet Aggregation / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of synthetic long-chain polyphosphate on blood coagulation and platelet aggregation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The effect of artificial synthetic long chain poly phosphate on blood coagulation and platelet aggregation was detected by coagulation tests, coagulation factor activity detection and platelet aggregation test, and its mechanism was explored by ELISA, flow cytometry and high content imaging system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The long chain polyphosphates prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, decreased coagulation factor FⅧ, FⅨ, FⅪ and FⅫ activity, blocked ADP-induced platelet aggregation, and decreased the concentration of calcium and TXA2 in platelet.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The synthetic long-chain polyphosphate can inhibit endogenous coagulation and inhibit platelet aggregation, which may be related with the inhibition of intracellular calcium and TXA2.</p>