HELICOBACTER PYLORI AND GALLBLADDER PATHOLOGIES: IS THERE A CAUSE-AND-EFFECT RELATIONSHIP?

The relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and gallbladder diseases, particularly cholecystitis and gallbladder polyps, remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the presence of H. pylori in gallbladder tissues and its potential role in gallbladder pathologies, as well as to examine the expression of chemokines CXCL2 and CXCL5 in these conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 137 laparoscopically excised gallbladders were analysed through histological examination, PCR for H. pylori-specific DNA, and quantitative real-time PCR for CXCL2 and CXCL5 gene expression. The study cohort included patients with acute calculous cholecystitis, chronic calculous cholecystitis, and gallbladder polyps. RESULTS: H. pylori was detected in 30.7% of cases by histological methods and 42.3% by PCR. Elevated expression of CXCL2 and CXCL5 was observed in 62% and 57.7% of cases, respectively, with a higher prevalence in acute cholecystitis compared to chronic conditions. However, no statistically significant association was found between H. pylori presence and the forms of cholecystitis, as well as between H. pylori presence and chemokine expression in gallbladder. CONCLUSIONS: The study did not establish a direct link between the presence of H. pylori infection and forms of gallbladder pathologies. The findings suggest that other factors other than H. pylori may contribute to the upregulation of CXCL2 and CXCL5 in gallbladder diseases. Further research is needed to elucidate the complex interactions between H. pylori, chemokines, and gallbladder pathologies.

[Professional orientation of medical students--personal training (review)].

An innate intention of subjects to reach the leading position on a regular job scale substantially accentuates the interest to the training study processes. The country that owns well-educated physicians possesses a better chance to attain the superior position in medical managing innovations. The modern scientific knowledge has to invade systematically thus into the ordinary common practice. The ambition to qualify the professional resources via regular training courses is systematically intensified therefore. Any person happens to possess several alternatives for successes in life. The particular important among is the choice of a concrete profession that being motivated by the job dynamics while regulates subjects' activities and intensifies personal interests to the training events. The carrier options of young peoples are influenced by various factors. The most efficient items from appear the family, friends, surroundings, reading literature, television, moviesThe selection of a profession is not finished at all by the university entering: due to life circumstances the dramatic shifts in definite job objectives can occur later. Correctly organized personal trainings along with conventional group exercises, generally, for medical students and young physicians, particularly, can promote the proper choice of fixed carrier aims. Detailed description and showing of appropriate contacts of physicians with patients can enrich the capacities of medical students and young physicians and can improve their behavior in own practice. University study as well as combined group and personal graduate and postgraduate training courses increase the activities of involved persons, intensify the trusts for knowledge and love to the profession, favor the desire to advance the level of theoretical and practical skills, and improve consequently the occupational level.