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BACKGROUND: Examination and understanding of neural hyperactivity are some of the greatest scientific challenges faced in the present day. For this reason, the present study aimed to examine this phenomenon in the context of higher education. METHOD: Likewise, this work will enable an instrument to be created to appropriately and reliably estimate neural hyperactivity associated with chronic stress in university students undertaking a Physiotherapy degree. RESULTS: Analysis of content validity was carried out according to agreement and consensus between nineteen experts with Education Science or Psychology degrees, via the Delphi method. On the other hand, face validity was established by administering the questionnaire to a sample of 194 university students aged between 18 and 45 years (M = 30.48%; SD = 13.152). CONCLUSION: The final self-report measure, denominated mental hyperactivity, was composed of 10 items which showed adequate fit with regards to face and content validity (α = 0.775). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the questionnaire was unidimensional.
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Estresse Psicológico , Estudantes , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e Questionários/normas , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Universidades , Psicometria/instrumentação , Autorrelato , Doença Crônica/psicologiaRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to evaluate skin temperature (Tsk) asymmetries, using infrared thermography, in professional padel players before (PRE), after (POST) and 10 min after training (POST10), and their relationship with perceptual variables and training characteristics. Thermal images were taken of 10 players before, after and 10 min after a standardized technical training. After training, Tsk of the dominant side was higher than before training in the anterior forearm (30.8 ± 0.4 °C vs. 29.1 ± 1.2 °C, p < 0.01; ES = 1.9), anterior shoulder (31.6 ± 0.6 °C vs. 30.9 ± 0.6 °C, p < 0.05; ES = 1.0) posterior arm (29.5 ± 1.0 °C vs. 28.3 ± 1.2 °C, p < 0.05; ES = 1.0), and posterior forearm (30.8 ± 0.9 °C vs. 29.3 ± 1.6 °C, p < 0.05; ES = 1.1). Likewise, these differences were significant POST10 in the anterior arm, anterior forearm, anterior shoulder, posterior arm and posterior forearm. Comparing the different moments of measurement (PRE, POST and POST10), the temperature was higher POST10 in all the regions analyzed except for the shoulder, abdominals, and lower back. Also, correlations were found between fatigue variation and temperature variation between limbs (Tsk dominance), and no correlation was found except between age and posterior thigh (|r| = 0.69; p < 0.05), and between the racket mass and anterior knee (|r| = 0.81; p < 0.01). In conclusion, infrared thermography allows monitoring of skin asymmetries between limbs in professional padel players, but these asymmetries were not related to overall fatigue variation, overall pain variation, years of experience and training hours.
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Temperatura Cutânea , Termografia , Humanos , Temperatura Cutânea/fisiologia , Termografia/métodos , Masculino , Adulto , Raios Infravermelhos , Adulto Jovem , Antebraço/fisiologia , AtletasRESUMO
Violent behaviour in the secondary education stage is a serious concern that comes from low emotional control. Judo is a sport that requires self-control and high emotional competence to mitigate aggressive behaviours. This research presents the objectives of analysing the correlations of different types of aggressive behaviours before an intervention program with those after said program, as well as study the effect of emotions on aggressive behaviours before and after the intervention program through multigroup structural equation modelling. A quasi-experimental study was planned. It used a pre-test-post-test design in a population of 139 secondary school students (M = 15.76; SD = 1.066). The instruments were an ad hoc questionnaire, the Schutte Self-Report Inventory and the Violent Behaviour at School Scale. The data show that the intervention decreased the correlations between different types of violent behaviours. The results show an increase in the effect of emotional intelligence on mitigating aggressive attitudes. The promotion and use of contact sports is necessary to prevent the emergence of aggressive behaviours within a school environment.
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INTRODUCTION: Intragastric balloon (IGB) is a minimally invasive and reversible option for obesity treatment. There is a worldwide growing number of different IGB models. The efficacy and safety profile for each model must be demonstrated. We aim to evaluate IGB safety profile according to the experience of the Spanish Bariatric Endoscopy Group (GETTEMO). METHODS: A survey of 37 IGBs safety-related questions was sent to all GETTEMO members, to retrospectively collect a multicenter Spanish registry. Incidence, causes, and resolution of both major and minor complications and adverse events (AEs), including legal consequences, differentiated for each balloon model were evaluated. Secondary outcome was weight loss data to confirm efficacy. RESULTS: Twenty-one Spanish hospitals experienced in IGBs responded. The overall data encompassed 20,680 IGBs, including 12 different models. Mean %TBWL of 17.66 ± 2.5% was observed. Early removal rate due to intolerance was 3.62%. Mean major complications rate was 0.70% (> 1% in Spatz2, HB, and Spatz3 models), mainly complicated gastric ulcer. Minor AEs rate was 6.37%, mainly esophagitis. Nine cases (0.04%) required surgery. A single case of mortality (0.0048%) occurred. Seven lawsuits (0.0034%) were received, all with favorable resolution. CONCLUSIONS: In the Spanish experience accumulating 20,680 IGBs and including 12 different balloon models, a low incidence rate of major complications and minor AEs are observed (0.70% and 6.37%, respectively), mostly resolved with medical/endoscopic management. IGB shows good tolerance and efficacy profile. These safety data are within the accepted quality standards.
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Balão Gástrico , Obesidade Mórbida , Redução de Peso , Humanos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Feminino , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do Tratamento , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Sistema de RegistrosRESUMO
Alcohol consumption among Spanish undergraduates during their university time has increased exponentially in recent years. In addition, this lifestyle change is associated with abandoning the Mediterranean diet, increasing the risk of suffering some kind of injury and affecting their quality of life. The study was carried out with a sample of 1,057 Spanish university students, 12.1% (n = 127) of them women and 87.9% (n= 930) men. The SF-36 questionnaire was used to measure health-related quality of life, the MEDAS test to check adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and the AUDIT test to measure alcohol consumption. The results show an inverse relationship between injury and quality of life (ß= -0.020) and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (ß= -0.042) among students who have suffered some kind of injury. On the other hand, there was a positive relationship with alcohol consumption (ß= -0.046). The main conclusion is that lower alcohol consumption and higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a better quality of life and a reduced risk of injury in undergraduates in southern Spain.
El consumo de alcohol de la juventud durante el periodo universitario ha aumentado exponencialmente en los últimos años. Además, el cambio de estilo de vida se asocia al abandono de la dieta mediterránea, aumentando el riesgo de sufrir algún tipo de lesión y afectando a su calidad de vida. El estudio se realizó con una muestra de 1057 estudiantes universitarios españoles, el 12,1% (n = 127) de mujeres y el 87,9% (n = 930) de hombres. Se utilizó el cuestionario SF-36 para medir la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud; el test MEDAS para comprobar la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea; y el test AUDIT para medir el consumo de alcohol. Los resultados muestran una relación inversa entre la lesión y la calidad de vida (ß= -0,020) y la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (ß= -0,042) entre los estudiantes que han sufrido algún tipo de lesión. Por otro lado, se observa una relación positiva con el consumo de alcohol (ß= -0,046). La principal conclusión es que un menor consumo de alcohol y una mayor adherencia a la dieta mediterránea se asociaron con una mejor calidad de vida y un menor riesgo de lesiones en los estudiantes universitarios del sur de España.
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The Mediterranean diet is considered a healthy eating pattern. It has been shown to improve people's quality of life. When a person suffers injuries, their quality of life suffers. This research aims to accomplish the following: (a) to study the differences in the effect of the health-related quality of life on injuries according to the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet, (b) to analyse the existing differences in the variables that make up the health-related quality of life according to the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and (c) to analyse the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet according to whether the participants have suffered any injury. The study was descriptive, cross-sectional, and exploratory in a sample of 556 physical education students. The PREDIMED questionnaire, the SF-36 questionnaire, and a self-administered questionnaire were used. The results showed that high adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with higher quality of life and lower injury rates. It was also observed that high adherence to the Mediterranean diet improved the effect of the quality of life on injuries. In conclusion, the Mediterranean diet is beneficial for the quality of life of young university students.
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Over the last few years, the inclusion of psychosocial factors in the teaching and learning processes has become increasingly important due to their proven influence on students' academic performance, especially at the university stage. In this regard, the aim of this study is to analyse the impact of emotional intelligence and academic self-concept on the students' academic achievement. The results obtained revealed some differences according to gender in all the variables considered. Specifically, women presented higher levels of emotional attention, academic self-concept and performance, while men stood out in emotional clarity and emotional repair. The findings obtained show the importance of including psychosocial factors in university training plans.
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Social network use has increased in recent years. Social networks are fast-changing and may cause negative effects such as dependence and addiction. Hence, it was decided to establish two research aims: (1) to identify the social network used by university students and their use levels according to their sex and (2) to analyse how age, body mass index, physical activity, emotional intelligence and social network type affect addiction to social networks according to young people's sex. A cross-sectional study was designed involving Spanish university students from Education Degrees. The mean age of the participants was 20.84 years (±2.90). Females made up 69.8% of the sample and males 30.2%. An online questionnaire was administered that included sociodemographic questions, IPAQ-SF and TMMS-24. This study found that all students use WhatsApp and more than 97% have YouTube and Instagram accounts. The linear regression model obtained was as follows: social network addiction = 3.355 + 0.336*emotional attention - 0.263*emotional clarity. There is a positive relationship between social network addiction and emotional attention (r = 0.25; p < 0.001) and negative relationships between social network addiction and emotional clarity (r = -0.16; p = 0.002) and between social network addiction and age (r = -0.17; p = 0.001). University students report lower levels of social network addiction and slightly higher levels of social network addiction among females. In addition, there are significant differences between the average social network addiction scores of university students in terms of their use of Telegram, TikTok and Twitch.
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El sedentarismo, la inactividad física, así como el sobrepeso y obesidad son los principales problemas de salud física y mental de la población infantil y juvenil, al igual que de adultos. Este tipo de problemática puede deberse principalmente a la alimentación y la cantidad de actividad física realizada desde edades muy tempranas. Hoy en día, los niños y niñas desde muy pequeños se alimentan a diario de comida basura, además de dulces ultra procesados, añadiéndole a esto, la no realización de actividad física y el sedentarismo debido principalmente a las nuevas tecnologías, creando así malos hábitos. El objetivo central de este estudio es relacionar y analizar la Adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea y el nivel de actividad física de niños de edades comprendidas entre 4 y 6 años, enfocándose para ello en las diferencias existentes entre el género y la edad. Para ello, se ha utilizado un estudio de corte transversal y tipo descriptivo, contando con una muestra de 243 participantes de la provincia de Granada, quienes completaron el test KIDMED. Como resultados se obtuvo que, son los chicos quienes realizan mayor cantidad de actividad física, así como mejor adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea. Además, cabe destacar que 7 de cada 10 de los participantes necesitan mejorar o poseen una dieta de baja calidad (AU)
A sedentary behaviour, physical inactivity, as well as overweight and obesity are the main physical and mental health problems of children and young people and adults. These problems may be due principally to diet and physical activity from a very early age. Today, children from a very early age are fed daily with junk food, as well as ultra-processed sweets, adding to this, the lack of physical activity and sedentary lifestyles, mainly due to new technologies, thus creating bad habits. The aim of this study is to relate and analyse the adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and the level of physical activity of children aged between 4 and 6 years, focusing on the existing differences between gender and age. A descriptive cross-sectional study was used, with a sample of 243 participants from the city of Granada, completing the KIDMED test. The results showed that boys are the ones who do more physical activity, as well as better adherence to the Mediterranean Diet. In addition, it is worth noting that 7 out of 10 of the participants need to improve or have a poor quality diet (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Dieta Mediterrânea , Exercício Físico , Estilo de Vida Saudável , Estudos Transversais , EspanhaRESUMO
Background: Adolescence is a key life stage in human development. It is during this stage of development that healthy and physical behaviors are acquired that will last into adulthood. Gender differences in the acquisition of these behaviors have been observed. This research aims to (a) study the levels of Mediterranean diet adherence, quality of life and alcohol and tobacco consumption as regarding the gender of the participants and (b) study the effects of the variable adherence to the Mediterranean diet, alcohol consumption and tobacco consumption on quality of life as a function of the gender of the participants. Methods: A non-experimental, cross-sectional, exploratory study was carried out in a sample of 1,057 Spanish adolescents (Average Age = 14.19; Standard Deviation = 2.87). Results: The comparative analysis shows that the male teenagers shows a higher Mediterranean diet adherence compared to the male adolescents (p ≤ 0.05) and a higher consumption of alcoholic beverages (p ≤ 0.05). On the contrary, adolescent girls show a higher consumption of alcoholic beverages than male participants (p ≤ 0.05). The exploratory analysis indicates that for boys, alcohol consumption has a beneficial effect on the quality of life of adolescents (ß = 0.904; p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: In this case, participants show differences in the levels of Mediterranean diet adherence, consumption of harmful substances and quality of life according to gender. Likewise, there are different effects between the variables according to gender. Therefore, gender is a key factor to consider during adolescence.
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Nowadays, the media has the power to encourage active and healthy lifestyles; however, it can have a negative impact on body image and psychological wellbeing. The present research aims to analyze Mediterranean diet adherence, media pressure, slim and athletic build ideals and psychological wellbeing as a function of weekly physical activity engagement. A further aim is to examine the effect of Mediterranean diet adherence, media pressure and psychological wellbeing on the perceived pressure to have an athletic and slim build. The present non-experimental study included a sample of 634 university students. Validated instruments adapted by the scientific community were used for data collection. Gathered data reveal that young people who engage in more than 300 min of physical activity per week are more likely to adhere to a Mediterranean diet, have better psychological wellbeing and feel more pressure to obtain an athletic build. In conclusion, weekly physical activity engagement impacts the variables under study.
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Academic performance is one of the most studied variables in the educational context. Likewise, students' physical activity and quality of life have a direct incidence on their academic success. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to analyse the effects of physical activity and quality of life on students' academic performance. The Web of Science, SCOPUS and PubMed databases were used to select articles published between 2013 and 2023. The criteria established by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement were followed for the elaboration of the systematic review, with the final sample of 17 articles. Results show how regular physical activity improves academic performance in mathematics and language. Moreover, it is also observed that quality of life also plays a key role in the drop-out or lower grade point average of students at any educational stage. (AU)
El rendimiento académico es una de las variables más estudiadas en el contexto educativo. Asimismo, la actividad física y la calidad de vida de los estudiantes tienen una incidencia directa en su éxito académico. Por ello, el objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es analizar los efectos de la actividad física y la calidad de vida en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes. Se utilizaron las bases de datos Web of Science, SCOPUS y PubMed para seleccionar los artículos publicados entre 2013 y 2023. Para la elaboración de la revisión sistemática se siguieron los criterios establecidos por la declaración Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), siendo la muestra final de 17 artículos. Los resultados muestran cómo la práctica regular de actividad física mejora el rendimiento académico en matemáticas y lengua. Además, también se observa que la calidad de vida juega un papel clave en el abandono o la disminución de la nota media de los alumnos en cualquier etapa educativa. (AU)
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Humanos , Desempenho Acadêmico , Atividade Motora , Qualidade de Vida , Satisfação PessoalRESUMO
Las lesiones musculoesqueléticas están relacionadas en gran medida con la práctica de actividad físico-deportiva. En el caso de los niños y adolescentes se vinculan al ejercicio que realizan en el transcurso de las clases de Educación Física o las actividades deportivas extraescolares. En esta revisión sistemática, el objetivo de investigación es conocer la tipología lesional existente en el contexto escolar educativo y los programas de prevención vinculados a la descripción de las lesiones que se producen en él y conocer los programas de prevención que se implementan por docentes de Educación Física en el transcurso de sus clases. Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura científica durante los meses de enero y febrero del año 2023 en las bases de datos Web of Science, SCOPUS y PubMed. Como motores de búsqueda se utilizaron las siguientes palabras clave: "injur*", "prevent*, program*" y "physical education"; empleándose el operador boleano and. Como conclusión destaca la necesidad de continuar investigando y desarrollando programas efectivos de prevención de lesiones en el ámbito escolar y deportivo con el fin de proteger la salud y seguridad de los estudiantes. (AU)
Musculoskeletal injuries are largely related to the practice of physical-sporting activity. In the case of children and adolescents, they are linked to the exercise they carry out during Physical Education classes or extracurricular sports activities. In this systematic review, the aim of the research is to find out about the types of injuries that exist in the educational school context and the prevention programmes linked to the description of the injuries that occur in it and to find out about the prevention programmes that are implemented by Physical Education teachers in the course of their classes. A search of scientific literature was carried out during the months of January and February 2023 in the Web of Science, SCOPUS and PubMed databases. The following keywords were used as search engines: "injur*", "prevent*", "program*" and "physical education", using the Boolean operator "and". In conclusion, it highlights the need to continue researching and developing effective injury prevention programmes in schools and sports in order to protect the health and safety of students. (AU)
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Humanos , Educação Física e Treinamento , Ferimentos e Lesões/prevenção & controle , Traumatismos em Atletas/prevenção & controle , Exercício Físico , Ensino Fundamental e Médio , Atividade MotoraRESUMO
Currently, many combat sports are pedagogically conceived as uneducational and unreliable for the development of young people. The present research aims to investigate the influence of a Judo intervention programme on the motivational climate towards sport, aggressive behaviour, emotional intelligence, and self-concept in secondary school students and to establish the relationships between them. This objective was broken down into (a) developing an explanatory model of the variables mentioned above and (b) testing the model equations through a multi-group analysis in terms of pre-test and post-test. The present study conducted a pre-post-test quasi-experimental design with a single experimental group. The sample consisted of a total of 139 adolescents (12.67 ± 1.066), 50.4% of whom were male (n = 70) and 49.6% female (n = 69). The results show that the intervention decreased all types of aggression and increased levels of emotional intelligence. An increase in social, physical and academic self-concept and decreases in the family and emotional areas were also observed. Finally, for the motivational climate, a tendency towards the ego climate to the detriment of the task climate was observed. It is concluded that the Judo intervention programme is effective in decreasing aggressive behaviour and effective in increasing levels of emotional intelligence and self-concept.
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The casts of Pompeii bear witness to the people who died during the Vesuvius 79 AD eruption. However, studies on the cause of death of these victims have not been conclusive. A previous important step is the understanding of the post-depositional processes and the impact of the plaster in bones, two issues that have not been previously evaluated. Here we report on the anthropological and the first chemical data obtained from the study of six casts from Porta Nola area and one from Terme Suburbane. A non-invasive chemical analysis by portable X-ray fluorescence was employed for the first time on these casts of Pompeii to determine the elemental composition of the bones and the plaster. Elemental profiles were determined providing important data that cross-referenced with anthropological and stratigraphic results, are clearly helpful in the reconstruction of the perimortem and post-mortem events concerning the history of these individuals. The comparative analyses carried out on the bone casts and other collections from burned bones of the necropolis of Porta Nola in Pompeii and Rome Sepolcreto Ostiense, and buried bones from Valencia (Spain), reveal the extent of high temperature alteration and post-depositional plaster contamination. These factors make bioarchaeological analyses difficult but still allow us to support asphyxia as the likely cause of death.
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Lepidópteros , Contenções , Humanos , Animais , Antropologia , Asfixia , Cromatografia Gasosa , Contaminação de Medicamentos , NitroargininaRESUMO
Over the last few years, portable Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) technology has been suggested for determining metabolic/ventilator thresholds. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the reliability of a portable muscle oxygenation monitor for determining thresholds during exercise testing. The proposed PICO question was: Is the exercise intensity of muscle oxygenation thresholds, using portable NIRS, reliable compared with lactate and ventilatory thresholds for exercise intensity determined in athletes? A search of Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science was undertaken and the review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Fifteen articles were included. The domains which presented the highest biases were confounders (93% with moderate or high risk) and participant selection (100% with moderate or high risk). The intra-class correlation coefficient between exercise intensity of the first ventilatory or lactate threshold and the first muscle oxygenation threshold was 0.53 (obtained with data from only 3 studies), whereas the second threshold was 0.80. The present work shows that although a portable muscle oxygenation monitor has moderate to good reliability for determining the second ventilatory and lactate thresholds, further research is necessary to investigate the mathematical methods of detection, the capacity to detect the first threshold, the detection in multiple regions, and the effect of sex, performance level and adipose tissue in determining thresholds.
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Exercício Físico , Músculo Esquelético , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Ácido Láctico/metabolismo , Consumo de Oxigênio/fisiologia , Teste de Esforço/métodosRESUMO
Research shows that regular physical exercise and a healthy lifestyle have a beneficial effect on the health of adolescents. Other studies have also shown that gender is also a determining factor when it comes to leading an active and healthy lifestyle. The aims of this study are (a) to develop a structural-equation model formed by the variables of emotional intelligence, physical-activity practice, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet and (b) to consider that model through a multigroup analysis. A descriptive, comparative, and cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample consisted of 567 primary school students. The KIDMED, PAQ-C, and TMMS-24 questionnaires were used for data collection. We found that there are differences in the effects of the practice of physical activity and adherence to the Mediterranean diet on the emotional domain. We also concluded that, during adolescence, gender is a key element in acquiring a healthy and active lifestyle.
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The aim of the present study was to determine whether fatigue affects internal and external load variables determining power profile in cyclists. Ten cyclists performed outdoor power profile tests (lasting 1-, 5 and 20-min) on two consecutive days, subject either to a fatigued condition or not. Fatigue was induced by undertaking an effort (10-min at 95% of average power output obtained in a 20-min effort followed by 1-min maximum effort) until the power output decreased by 20% compared to the 1-min power output. Fatigued condition decreased power output (p < 0.05, 1-min: 9.0 ± 3.8%; 5-min: 5.9 ± 2.5%; 20-min: 4.1 ± 1.9%) and cadence in all test durations, without differences in torque. Lactate decreased in longer efforts when a fatigue protocol had previously been conducted (e.g., 20-min: 8.6 ± 3.0 vs. 10.9 ± 2.7, p < 0.05). Regression models (r2 ≥ 0.95, p < 0.001) indicated that a lower variation in load variables of 20-min in fatigued condition compared with the non-fatigued state resulted in a lower decrease in critical power after the fatigue protocol. The results suggest that fatigued condition on power was more evident in shorter efforts and seemed to rely more on a decrease in cadence than on torque.
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Fadiga , Ácido Láctico , Humanos , Tempo , Ciclismo , Consumo de Oxigênio , Teste de EsforçoRESUMO
Higher education is a focus of increasing violent behavior. The evidence suggests an obsession to achieve the best academic performance in order to access working life. This research aims to develop an explanatory model of violent behavior and its relationship with self-concept and emotional intelligence according to in relation to their academic performance. A sample of 932 Spanish undergraduate students participated in the multi-group structural equation modeling. Findings revealed that students who have a higher academic performance have problems to control and regulate their emotions, showing signs of direct and indirect violence. Moreover, it was found that that emotional intelligence and self-concept have a direct influence on episodes of violent behavior, with academic performance being a key component affecting each variable. The present study provides some implications and suggests some avenues for future research.
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This study aimed to examine the skin temperature (Tsk) variations in five regions of interest (ROI) to assess whether possible disparities between the ROI's Tsk could be associated with specific acute physiological responses during cycling. Seventeen participants performed a pyramidal load protocol on a cycling ergometer. We synchronously measured Tsk in five ROI with three infrared cameras. We assessed internal load, sweat rate, and core temperature. Reported perceived exertion and calves' Tsk showed the highest correlation (r = -0.588; p < 0.01). Mixed regression models revealed that the heart rate and reported perceived exertion were inversely related to calves' Tsk. The exercise duration was directly associated with the nose tip and calf Tsk but inversely related to the forehead and forearm Tsk. The sweat rate was directly related to forehead and forearm Tsk. The association of Tsk with thermoregulatory or exercise load parameters depends on the ROI. The parallel observation of the face and calf Tsk could indicate simultaneously the observation of acute thermoregulatory needs and individual internal load. The separate Tsk analyses of individual ROI appear more suitable to examine specific physiological response than a mean Tsk of several ROI during cycling.