Análisis de decisión: coste-efectividad en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la neuralgia del trigémino / No disponible

Introducción: La neuralgia trigeminal es un síndrome de dolor facial conocido y caracterizado por dolores severos, intermitentes, eléctricos y como de sacudidas en la cara, para el cual han sido aplicados diversos tratamientos quirúrgicos, hasta la fecha, no hay un tratamiento ideal que sea invasivo en grado mínimo y aceptable para el paciente, como consecuencia, los pacientes y los especialistas se enfrentan a una incertidumbre considerable al hacer decisiones sobre la conducta terapéutica. Objetivo: Identificar cuál de los tratamientos quirúrgicos para la NT brinda la mejor oportunidad en términos de coste-efectividad. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio con un diseño de Análisis de Decisión: coste-efectividad considerando cinco alternativas quirúrgicas en el tratamiento de la NT: termocoagulación por radiofrecuencia, microcompresión con glicerol, microcompresión con balón, radiocirugía, y microdescompresión vascular. Los datos se obtuvieron de la literatura. Se revisó la base de datos MEDLINE desde el año 2000 hasta el 2010, a través de PubMed Central. Se seleccionaron los estudios que abordaran la neuralgia trigeminal primaria y mostraran resultados relacionados con el alivio del dolor, la tasa de mortalidad o la presencia de complicaciones. Se identificaron 196 estudios pero solo 22 (11,22 %) fueron elegibles para el estudio. Se utilizo el programa DATA 3.5 for Health Care, versión 3.5.5 de TreeAge Software Inc. Resultados: La microdescompresión vascular y la termocoagulación son las técnicas que ofrecen mayores probabilidades de efectividad para el alivio del dolor con valores esperados de 0,8946 y 0,8863. Para la relación que se establece entre coste y resultado se consideró los días libres de dolor. La mejor elección costeefectividad es el tratamiento quirúrgico con termocoagulación con menos valor en la razón coste-efectividad marginal, $171.58 para una efectividad de la cirugía de 89 % por cada paciente tratado. Conclusión: Considerando que la termocoagulación por radiofrecuencia y la microdescompresión vascular constituyen las variantes quirúrgicas más utilizadas por la alta efectividad, concluimos que la termocoagulación por radiofrecuencia es más beneficiosa, ofrece escasas complicaciones y es menos costosa (AU)

Introduction: Trigeminal neuralgia is a facial pain syndrome known and characterized by severe, intermittent, electric shocklike, shooting pain in the face for which a number of surgical therapies have been used. To date no ideal, minimally invasive, patient-acceptable treatment is available, hence both patients and specialists face substantial uncertainty when making decisions regarding therapeutic action. Objective: To identify which surgical treatment for TN offers the best opportunity in terms of cost-effectiveness. Material and method: A study was performed using a decision analysis/cost-effectiveness analysis design considering five surgical alternatives in the management of TN: radiofrequency thermocoagulation, glycerol microcompression, balloon microcompression, radiosurgery, and microvascular decompression. Data were obtained from the literature. A review was carried out of the MEDLINE database from 2000 to 2010 via PubMed Central. Studies were selected that addressed primary trigeminal neuralgia and demonstrated pain relief and reduced mortality and complication rates. In all 196 studies were identified but only 22 (11.22 %) were eligible for the study. The software package used was the DATA 3.5 for Health Care, version 3.5.5, program by TreeAge Software Inc. Results: Microvascular decompression and thermocoagulation are the techniques more likely to provide effective pain relief, with expected values of 0.8946 and 0.8863, respectively. For the relationship between cost and outcome pain-free days were considered; the best choice in terms of cost-effectiveness is surgery and thermocoagulation, with a lower value in the marginal cost-effectiveness ratio: $171.58 for an effectiveness of 89 % per treated patient. Conclusion: Considering that both radiofrequency thermocoagulation and microvascular decompression are the most commonly used surgical procedures because of their high effectiveness, we conclude that radiofrequency thermocoagulation is more beneficial, has few complications, and is less costly (AU)

[Improved detection of the pulse oximeter signal with a digital nerve block in patients in poor health status]. / Mejoría en la detección de la onda de pulsioximetría mediante el bloqueo anestésico de los nervios digitales en pacientes en mal estado general.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the efficacy of a digital nerve block for improving pulse oximetry in conditions of low tissue perfusion. METHOD: A randomized single-blind study of adult patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia for conditions characterized by hypoperfusion. Patients were assigned to a control group or an experimental group. The experimental group received a digital nerve block in the middle finger of the left hand; a sensor was then placed on the finger for between 120 and 300 minutes. Age, sex, diagnosis, total observation time (TOT), percentage of time with no pulse oximeter signal (NoPO), and percentage of time with an unstable pulse oximeter signal (UnstPO) were recorded. Each patient was questioned between 16 and 24 hours after surgery and was examined for flushing, paresthesia, hypoesthesia, pain, and ecchymosis. The chi2 test was used to compare dichotomized or nominal variables and the t test was used to compare age, TOT, NoPO, and UnstPO. Values of P<.05 were considered statistically significant in both cases. RESULTS: Fifty patients were randomized to each group. A total of 82 patients remained in the study (control group=42, experimental group=40). There were no significant between-group differences in diagnoses or TOT. The mean values for NoPO and UnstPO were higher in the control group than in the experimental group (11.1% vs 4.4% and 35.9% vs 15.7%, respectively; P<.001). CONCLUSION: A digital nerve block can be used to prevent pulse oximetry failures in conditions of low peripheral perfusion.

[Construction and validation of a severity of illness index of patients hospitalized in clinical areas]. / Construcción y validación de un índice de gravedad para pacientes hospitalizados en áreas clínicas.

Severity of illness indexes for hospitalized patients are frequently used for the assessment of hospital performance. The purpose here was to develop and validate a quantitative index for clinical areas which could measure severity of illness during hospitalization period and would be easy to obtain from the information contained in a regular clinical chart. The construction included item selection and search for items weights. Experts and literature were consulted and 74 clinical records provided empirical information. The result was the proposal of an index with two alternatives: one quantitative and the other ordinal with four levels of severity. Validation included four aspects of validity, general reliability, interrater agreement and internal consistency. Sixteen specialized physicians assessed content and face validity. One hundred clinical records of discharged patients were used to assess criterion, construct validity and reliability. Results show satisfactory validity in almost all aspects. The reliability coefficient was 0.95, Kappa coefficient was 0.4 for the ordinal index and correlation coefficients over 0.93 for the quantitative one. The index is ready for current applications in this context although some suggestions for future improvements were also included.

[Variations in the postoperative length of stay according to patient characteristics in a general surgery service]. / Variaciones del tiempo de estancia postoperatoria según las características de los pacientes en un servicio de cirugía general.

With the purpose of identifying factors that explain variations in length of postoperative stay in a general surgery unit, information from 666 clinical records of discharged alive patients was collected. Factors related to the surgical procedure, the severity of the disease and the medical team together with sociodemographic characteristics of the patients were analyzed. Statistical analysis was based on analysis of variance and multiple linear regression. Variables with statistically significant regression coefficients (p < 0.001) were in this order: severity of complications, type of intervention, need for reintervention and severity of diagnosis. Sixty-seven percent of length of stay variation was explained by the included variables. Results allow to suggest an evaluation procedure which takes into account patient and operation characteristics.