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1.
Nefrologia ; 27(2): 202-8, 2007.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17564566

RESUMO

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a pathogen, commonly found in the donors and recipients of solid organ transplantation. CMV is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Relapsing episodes of CMV infection occur in 23-33% of transplant patients which is likely a reflection of incomplete suppression of viral replication following antiviral treatment with intravenous ganciclovir. We have studied CMV DNA load and antigenemia as markers for relapse of CMV infection in 49 renal transplant patients out of 68 with CMV infection who received a course of intravenous ganciclovir among 300 transplants carried out between January of 2001 and June of 2005. Viral load and antigenemia were measured in blood samples obtained before, during and at the completion of treatment. We also studied different viral load as predictors of relapse CMV infection. Twelve (24.5%) of 49 recipients developed relapsing CMV infection. The relapsing group had higher viral loads after treatment than the no relapsing group. There was no difference in antigenemia level between both groups. The viral loads before and during the treatment, the age and sex of donors and recipients, inmunosupresión, percentage of seronegative recipients with seropositive donors, duration of the therapy and the percentage of patients with heavy immunosuppression were similar in the two groups, but the incidence of acute rejection was higher in the relapsing group. We also evaluated the range of viral load after treatment which is able to trigger the relapse of CMV infection. We conclude that CMV DNA load after treatment is a useful marker for individualizing antiviral treatment of CMV infection in renal transplant recipients. Acute rejection is a risk factor to the relapsing CMV infection.


Assuntos
Antígenos Virais/sangue , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/sangue , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/virologia , Citomegalovirus/imunologia , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Carga Viral , Biomarcadores/sangue , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Recidiva
2.
Nefrología (Madr.) ; 27(2): 202-208, mar.-abr. 2007. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-057356

RESUMO

El citomegalovirus (CMV) es un patógeno que se encuentra frecuentemente tanto en donantes como en receptores de trasplantes de órganos sólidos. La infección por CMV es una de las mayores causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en estos enfermos. Entre el 23% y 33% de los pacientes trasplantados presentan episodios de recidiva de infección por CMV, debido probablemente a una supresión incompleta de la replicación viral tras el tratamiento con ganciclovir intravenoso. Hemos evaluado la carga viral y la antigenemia como marcadores de recidiva de infección por CMV en 49 de los 68 receptores de trasplante renal que presentaron una infección por CMV y recibieron un curso de tratamiento con ganciclovir intravenoso de entre los 300 trasplantes realizados en el periodo comprendido entre enero de 2001 y junio de 2005. Se analizó la carga viral y la antigenemia en estos pacientes antes del tratamiento durante y al final del mismo. Además hemos estudiado el valor predictivo en la aparición de recidiva de infección de diferentes cargas virales a la finalización del tratamiento. Doce (24,5%) de los 49 pacientes desarrollaron recidiva de la infección CMV, presentando dicho grupo de pacientes una carga viral significativamente más alta después del tratamiento que el grupo de pacientes sin recidiva de la infección. No había diferencias entre el nivel de antigenemia entre ambos grupos en ninguno de los momentos estudiados, ni en la carga viral al inicio ni durante el tratamiento. No encontramos diferencias significativas entre la edad y el sexo del donante y del receptor, tipo de inmunosupresión basal, porcentaje de receptores seronegativos con donantes seropositivos, duración del tratamiento, porcentaje de pacientes que recibieron inmunosupresión de alto riesgo en los grupos estudiados, pero la incidencia de rechazo agudo fue significativamente superior en el grupo con recidiva. Hemos hallado diferentes puntos predictivos para el desarrollo de la recidiva. Concluimos que la carga viral al finalizar el tratamiento es un marcador útil para individualizar el tratamiento antiviral de la infección por CMV en los receptores del trasplante renal. La aparición de rechazo agudo es un factor de riesgo asociado a la recidiva de la infección


Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a pathogen, commonly found in the donors and recipients of solid organ transplantation. CMV is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Relapsing episodes of CMV infection occur in 23-33% of transplant patients which is likely a reflection of incomplete suppression of viral replication following antiviral treatment with intravenous ganciclovir. We have studied CMV DNA load and antigenemia as markers for relapse of CMV infection in 49 renal transplant patients out of 68 with CMV infection who received a course of intravenous ganciclovir among 300 transplants carried out between january of 2001 and june of 2005. Viral load and antigenemia were measured in blood samples obtained before, during and at the completion of treatment. We also studied different viral load as predictors of relapse CMV infection. Twelve (24.5%) of 49 recipients developed relapsing CMV infection. The relapsing group had higher viral loads after treatment than the no relapsing group. There was no difference in antigenemia level between both groups. The viral loads before and during the treatment, the age and sex of donors and recipients, inmunosupresión, percentage of seronegative recipients with seropositive donors, duration of the therapy and the percentage of patients with heavy inmunosupression were similar in the two groups, but the incidence of acute rejection was higher in the relapsing group. We also evaluated the range of viral load after treatment which is able to trigger the relapse of CMV infection. We conclude that CMV DNA load after treatment is a useful marker for individualizing antiviral treatment of CMV infection in renal transplant recipients. Acute rejection is a risk factor to the relapsing CMV infection


Assuntos
Humanos , Carga Viral/métodos , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/diagnóstico , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Citomegalovirus/isolamento & purificação , Citomegalovirus/patogenicidade , Recidiva , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco
3.
Nefrologia ; 22(4): 356-63, 2002.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12369127

RESUMO

Proteinuria is a risks factor that accelerates the progression of renal insufficiency by several mechanisms. In the renal transplant proteinuria is a predictor of progressive renal insufficiency and it is associated with poor patient and graft survival. We have performed a longitudinal observational case-control study to defect and quantify proteinuria in a group of 100 cadaveric renal transplant recipients and to evaluate the influence of several factors on its appearance. We have considered the variables age and sex of the donor and recipient, number of HLA-DR, A and B mismatches, cold ischemia time, basal renal disease, initial immunosuppression, immediate versus delayed graft function and acute rejection. Three patients who did with a functioning graft were excluded from the analysis of the data. All variables were analysed in a regression model of multivariate analysis. Proteinuria in the moths 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 was: 0.38 +/- 0.27 g/day, 0.38 +/- 0.32 g/day, 0.44 +/- 0.99 g/day, 0.42 +/- 0.58 g/day and 0.37 +/- 0.54 g/day, respectively. We analysed the profile of the proteinuria in each patient individually. Fifty three patients (54.6%) did not develop proteinuria, 12 patients (12.4%) had transient initial proteinuria, 23 patients (23.7%) had persistent proteinuria and 9 patients (9.3%) had progressive proteinuria. The renal function differed between groups. Higher creatinine levels were found in the patients with persistent proteinuria and those with progressive proteinuria. We analysed the patients according to several variables. The age of the donor was higher in the group of patients with persistent proteinuria and the incidence of acute rejection was higher in the group of patients who developed progressive proteinuria, with differences statistically significant. There was no difference in the univariate analysis in the other variables considered. The multivariate analysis confirms that the age of the donor and the basal glomerular disease predict persistent proteinuria and acute rejection predicts progressive proteinuria. According to our study, proteinuria is frequent in the renal transplant recipient with different evolutionary profiles. Two types are associated with bad renal function and have different predictive factors. We encourage the use of drugs which reduce proteinuria.


Assuntos
Transplante de Rim , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Proteinúria/epidemiologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Creatinina/sangue , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Rejeição de Enxerto/complicações , Rejeição de Enxerto/epidemiologia , Rejeição de Enxerto/imunologia , Histocompatibilidade , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/etiologia , Falência Renal Crônica/mortalidade , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Testes de Função Renal , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Proteinúria/etiologia , Proteinúria/imunologia , Recidiva , Fatores de Risco , Doadores de Tecidos , Coleta de Tecidos e Órgãos/métodos
4.
Nefrología (Madr.) ; 22(4): 356-363, jul. 2002.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-14503

RESUMO

La proteinuria es un factor de riesgo que acelera la progresión de la insuficiencia renal. En el trasplante renal la proteinuria se relaciona con una menor supervivencia del injerto y del paciente. Realizamos un estudio longitudinal caso control, observacional, para evaluar la proteinuria en una serie de 100 trasplantes renales y determinar los diversos factores que influyen en su aparición. Se consideraron múltiples variables excluyendo para el análisis de los datos a 3 pacientes fallecidos con injerto funcionante. La proteinuria en los meses 1, 3, 6, 9 y 12 ha sido: 0,38 ñ 0,27 g/día, 0,38 ñ 0,32 g/día, 0,44 ñ 0,99 g/día, 0,42 ñ 0,58 g/día y 0,37 ñ 0,54 g/día, respectivamente. Analizado cada paciente individualmente, 53 pacientes (54,6 por ciento) no desarrollaron proteinuria, 12 pacientes (12,4 por ciento) tuvieron proteinuria inicial transitoria, 23 pacientes (23,7 por ciento) presentaron proteinuria estable persistente y 9 pacientes (9,3 por ciento) desarrollaron proteinuria de incremento progresivo. Las cifras de creatinina más elevadas se evidenciaron en los pacientes con proteinuria estable persistente y en aquellos que desarrollaron proteinuria de incremento progresivo. En el análisis univariante vemos que la edad del donante es mayor en el grupo de pacientes con proteinuria estable persistente y la incidencia de rechazo agudo es mayor en el grupo de pacientes que desarrollaron proteinuria de incremento progresivo, no existiendo diferencias en las otras variables consideradas. El análisis multivariante confirmó que la edad del donante y la enfermedad glomerular como nefropatía de base, tienen valor predictivo de la proteinuria estable persistente y el rechazo agudo de la aparición de proteinuria de incremento progresivo. Concluimos, que la proteinuria es frecuente en la población trasplantada existiendo diversos perfiles evolutivos. Dos tipos están asociados a mala función renal y tienen diferentes factores predictivos. La edad del donante y la enfermedad glomerular como nefropatía de base predicen la proteinuria estable persistente y el rechazo agudo la proteinuria de incremento progresivo. (AU)


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Transplante de Rim , Fatores de Risco , Doadores de Tecidos , Análise Multivariada , Progressão da Doença , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Recidiva , Proteinúria , Creatinina , Fatores Etários , Histocompatibilidade , Estudos Longitudinais , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Rejeição de Enxerto , Coleta de Tecidos e Órgãos , Testes de Função Renal , Coleta de Tecidos e Órgãos
5.
Nefrologia ; 22(1): 24-32, 2002.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11987681

RESUMO

The treatment of severe lupus nephritis is based on the combination of steroids and cytotoxic drugs. Intravenous cyclophosphamide administered in "pulses" is effective in the induction of remission but other therapeutic alternatives are sought in refractory cases or severely relapsing patients. Mycophenolate mofetil, used in renal transplantation, also can be useful in severe lupus nephritis. We describe the evolution of 6 patients (5 women and 1 man; age 17-45 years) with severe lupus nephropathy who after achieving remission with intravenous cyclophosphamide and steroids (5 cases) or cyclosporin A (1 case) showed relapse of proteinuria and were treated with mycophenolate mofetil (dose 1000-2000 mg/day). Two patients have completed 24 months, 1 patient two cycles of 12 months, 2 patients 18 months and 1 patient 6 months. After this treatment, all patients have achieved remission (3 partial and 3 complete). There was no treatment failure and no one patient discontinued medication; however 1 case relapsed. There were no changes in leucocytes, haemoglobin, serum creatinine and serum albumin. ANA and alpha DNA antibodies decreased. Proteinuria (measured as protein/creatinine urine ratio: initial 3 and final 0.3) and dose of steroids (initial: 17.5 mg/d and final 5 mg/d) decreased significantly (p < 0.05 Wilcoxon t-test). The most common side effects were nausea and abdominal discomfort that improved without discontinuation of treatment. We conclude that mycophenolate mofetil is effective and a safe drug in severe relapsing lupus nephritis.


Assuntos
Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Nefrite Lúpica/tratamento farmacológico , Ácido Micofenólico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Micofenólico/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
6.
Nefrología (Madr.) ; 22(1): 24-32, ene. 2002.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-19371

RESUMO

El tratamiento de la nefritis lúpica grave se basa en la asociación de esteroides e inmunosupresores. La ciclofosfamida parenteral administrada en 'bolus' es eficaz en la inducción de remisión, pero en casos refractarios o recidivantes son necesarias otras alternativas. El micofenolato mofetil, eficaz para prevenir el rechazo en el trasplante renal, puede ser útil en estas ocasiones. Describimos la evolución de 6 pacientes (5 mujeres y 1 varón; edad 17-45 años) y nefritis lúpica grave que tras responder al tratamiento con ciclofosfamida iv y esteroides orales (5 pacientes) o ciclosporina A (1 paciente) presentaron recidiva e iniciaron tratamiento con micofenolato a dosis de 1.000-2.000 mg/día. Dos pacientes han completado 24 meses, 1 paciente 2 ciclos de 12 meses, 2 pacientes 18 meses y 1 paciente 6 meses. Tras este tratamiento, 3 de ellos han entrado en remisión completa y 3 en remisión parcial. No existió fracaso terapéutico ni abandono del tratamiento, si bien un paciente presentó una recidiva. Globalmente no encontramos modificaciones de leucocitos, creatinina ni albúmina sérica. Los anticuerpos DNA y ANA descendieron y apreciamos una disminución significativa (p < 0,05) de la proteinuria (relación proteína/creatinina en orina inicial 3 y final 0,3) y de la dosis de prednisona (inicial 17,5 mg/d y final 5 mg/d). Los únicos efectos secundarios fueron náuseas y molestias digestivas que desaparecieron sin suspender el tratamiento. Concluimos que el micofenolato puede ser un fármaco eficaz en las formas recidivantes de nefritis lúpica (AU)


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Nefrite Lúpica , Imunossupressores , Ácido Micofenólico
7.
Nefrologia ; 21(3): 295-304, 2001.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11471310

RESUMO

Renal transplants may undergo changes secondary to the decrease of the renal mass, the effects of rejection, and various other risk factors that contribute to the progression of renal insufficiency. We have performed a prospective study of 285 cadaveric renal transplants recipients, that were receiving various maintenance immunosuppressives regimens, to study the evolution of their renal function and to evaluate the influence of various factors in the progression of renal insufficiency. All variables were analysed in a regression model of multivariate analysis. We found a progressive increase of the serum creatinine in the studied population. The mean initial creatinine was 1.70 +/- 0.84 mg/dl and final creatinine in the study 2.17 +/- 2.06 mg/dl, difference statistically significant (p = 0.000). We calculated the increase of creatinine in each patient. We observed that 113 patients (42.2%), had stable serum creatinine but the remaining 155 patients (57.8%) had a mean increase of 0.04 +/- 0.8 mg/dl/month. We analysed the patients according to various variables. Although in most the final creatinine is significantly greater than the initial, this increase of creatinine level was not present in patients with delayed graft function, in patients with no acute rejection, in the extreme age groups, in the grafts from younger donors and in those patients without initial proteinuria. The patients transplanted from younger donor had the best renal function, without any decrease in their function during the study. The advanced age of the donor has a great negative impact in the evolution of the renal transplant. According to our study, proteinuria and its quantity is a major predictor of progressive renal insufficiency. The multivariate analysis confirms that the age of the donor and initial proteinuria predict decrease of renal function. It is important to identify the factors that they could predict a greater progression to the failure of the graft. We have the possibility of acting on them, establishing immunosuppressive strategies that reduce the deleterious effects of the calcineurin inhibitors in the recipients of grafts from older donors' and to encourage the use of drugs which reduce proteinuria.


Assuntos
Transplante de Rim/fisiologia , Rim/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores , Cadáver , Creatinina/sangue , Feminino , Rejeição de Enxerto/fisiopatologia , Sobrevivência de Enxerto/fisiologia , Humanos , Hipertensão/complicações , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Terapia de Imunossupressão/métodos , Testes de Função Renal , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Período Pós-Operatório , Prognóstico , Proteinúria/fisiopatologia , Reoperação , Doadores de Tecidos
8.
Nefrología (Madr.) ; 21(3): 295-304, mayo 2001.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-5212

RESUMO

Hemos realizado un estudio prospectivo de 285 trasplantes renales durante 2 años, con el objetivo de describir la evolución funcional y determinar la influencia de diversos factores en la progresión de la insuficiencia renal. Realizamos análisis multivariante mediante regresión logística.Valorada la creatinina sérica se objetiva un deterioro progresivo de la función renal en la población global. La creatinina inicial es 1,70 ñ 0,84 mg/dl y al final del estudio 2,17 ñ 2,06 mg/dl, diferencia significativa. Calculado el incremento en cada paciente, se observa que no han sufrido empeoramiento 113 pacientes (42,2 por ciento), pero 155 pacientes (57,8 por ciento) presentan un incremento medio de 0,04 ñ 0,8 mg/dl/mes.Analizadas diversas variables, se puede apreciar que en la mayoría de circunstancias la creatinina final es significativamente mayor que la inicial. Esto no ocurre en pacientes con función renal inicial diferida, en los libres de rechazo agudo previo, en los grupos extremos al considerar la edad del receptor, en injertos de donantes jóvenes y en pacientes sin proteinuria inicial.Los pacientes con injerto de donante joven son los que mantienen la mejor función renal, grupo donde no se aprecia deterioro. La edad avanzada del donante representa un gran impacto negativo en la evolución del trasplante renal.La proteinuria es el determinante mayor del desarrollo de insuficiencia renal progresiva del injerto, condicionando la intensidad de la proteinuria la supervivencia del mismo. El análisis multivariante confirma que la edad del donante y la proteinuria inicial tienen valor predictivo del deterioro de la función renal.Identificados los factores que pueden predecir una mayor progresión al fallo del injerto, existe la posibilidad de actuar sobre ellos, estableciendo estrategias inmunosupresoras que minimicen los efectos deletéreos de los anticalcineurínicos en los casos de donantes de edad avanzada y la utilización de fármacos que rebajen la cuantía de la proteinuria. (AU)


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Doadores de Tecidos , Análise Multivariada , Biomarcadores , Transplante de Rim , Período Pós-Operatório , Prognóstico , Proteinúria , Reoperação , Anti-Hipertensivos , Cadáver , Creatinina , Fatores Etários , Hipertensão , Terapia de Imunossupressão , Rim , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Rejeição de Enxerto , Testes de Função Renal
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