Intervenciones eficaces para reducir el absentismo del personal de enfermería hospitalario / Effective interventions to reduce absenteeism among hospital nurses

Objetivo: El objetivo del presente trabajo es seleccionar y sintetizar las intervenciones que han demostrado ser efectivas para reducir el absentismo de enfermería hospitalaria. Métodos: Revisión de tipo scoping review mediante búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos Medline, Web of Science, Cinahl, Embase, Lilacs, Cuiden y Cochrane Library Plus. De un total de 361 textos extraídos, finalmente se seleccionaron 15 estudios para esta revisión. Resultados: La implementación de programas de soporte o entrenamiento físico multifacéticos puede producir resultados positivos en cuanto a la reducción del absentismo de enfermería hospitalaria. Las intervenciones de tipo cognitivo-conductual requieren el desarrollo de estudios con muestras más amplias para ofrecer resultados concluyentes. El establecimiento de sistemas de turnos más flexibles también puede reducir las tasas de ausencia, si bien de nuevo se necesitan estudios con muestras más numerosas. Los programas tendentes a la gestión del cambio desarrollados por la propia enfermería, la gestión participativa de las relaciones profesionales, el soporte proporcionado por los supervisores opuestos a estilos de liderazgo de tipo jerárquico y las remuneraciones que premian la falta de ausencias también pueden conseguir disminuciones en este tipo de indicadores. Conclusiones: El absentismo puede considerarse como un resultado final y una consecuencia del grado de satisfacción de los/las profesionales, y seguramente las intervenciones efectivas para disminuir el absentismo de enfermería hospitalaria lo son porque aumentan la satisfacción laboral de estos/as trabajadores/as (AU)

Objectives: To select and summarize the interventions that have proved effective in reducing absenteeism among hospital nurses. Methods: A scoping review was conducted through a literature search using Medline, Web of Science, Cinahl, Embase, Lilacs, Cuiden and Cochrane Library Plus databases. Of a total of 361 articles extracted, 15 were finally selected for this review. Results: The implementation of multifaceted support or physical training programs can produce positive results in terms of reducing absenteeism among hospital nurses. Cognitive-behavioral type interventions require studies with larger samples to provide conclusive results. Establishing more flexible working shifts may also reduce absenteeism rates, although again studies with larger samples are needed. Programs aimed at managing change developed by nurses themselves, participatory management of professional relations, the support provided by supervisors who are opposed to hierarchical leadership styles, and wage supplements that reward the lack of absence can also reduce these types of indicators. Conclusions: Absenteeism can be considered as a final result and a consequence of the level of job satisfaction. The effectiveness of interventions to reduce absenteeism among hospital nurses will no doubt largely depend on the ability of these interventions to increase the job satisfaction of these workers (AU)

[Effective interventions to reduce absenteeism among hospital nurses]. / Intervenciones eficaces para reducir el absentismo del personal de enfermería hospitalario.

OBJECTIVES: To select and summarize the interventions that have proved effective in reducing absenteeism among hospital nurses. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted through a literature search using Medline, Web of Science, Cinahl, Embase, Lilacs, Cuiden and Cochrane Library Plus databases. Of a total of 361 articles extracted, 15 were finally selected for this review. RESULTS: The implementation of multifaceted support or physical training programs can produce positive results in terms of reducing absenteeism among hospital nurses. Cognitive-behavioral type interventions require studies with larger samples to provide conclusive results. Establishing more flexible working shifts may also reduce absenteeism rates, although again studies with larger samples are needed. Programs aimed at managing change developed by nurses themselves, participatory management of professional relations, the support provided by supervisors who are opposed to hierarchical leadership styles, and wage supplements that reward the lack of absence can also reduce these types of indicators. CONCLUSIONS: Absenteeism can be considered as a final result and a consequence of the level of job satisfaction. The effectiveness of interventions to reduce absenteeism among hospital nurses will no doubt largely depend on the ability of these interventions to increase the job satisfaction of these workers.

Relación del cuidado que demandan las personas mayores en hogares para ancianos: metaestudio cualitativo / The Care Relationship Required by Seniors in Nursing Homes: A Qualitative Meta-study / Relação do cuidado que exigem as pessoas mais velhas em lares para anciãos

Objetivo: describir que tipo de cuidados y de interacción humana demandan de sus enfermeras las personas mayores que viven en un hogar para ancianos, a partir de la síntesis y el reanálisis de los datos proporcionados por una serie de estudios primarios que han abordado la experiencia de vivir en un hogar para ancianos. Antecedentes: los estudios de tipo cualitativo que han tratado el tema de las experiencias vitales en un hogar para ancianos se han centrado en aspectos como la vida diaria, la calidad de vida, las experiencias de sufrimiento, los cuidados recibidos, la proximidad de la muerte y las relaciones personales. Materiales y métodos: metaestudio cualitativo de tipo análisis de metadatos. Las bases de datos empleadas han sido: ISI Web of Knowledge, CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS y CUIDEN PLUS. Se han seleccionado 29 estudios. Resultados: las categorías centrales emergentes de los datos han sido: las cualidades personales demandadas al personal cuidador, las intervenciones cuidadoras, la relación personal con los cuidadores y la influencia de la relación persona mayor-cuidador en otros aspectos. Conclusión: con este trabajo hemos pretendido sintetizar las evidencias proporcionadas por una serie de investigaciones primarias tratando de proporcionar un nivel de conocimientos mayor sobre las necesidades de atención de las personas residentes en un hogar para ancianos, siempre a partir de los testimonios, las experiencias y las vivencias de los protagonistas.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to describe the type of care and human interaction required from nurses by elderly persons living in a nursing home, based on a synthesis and reanalysis of data from a number of primary studies on the experience of living in such a facility. Background: Qualitative studies on the experience of living in a nursing home have focused on aspects such as daily life, quality of life, experiences of suffering, the care received, proximity to death and personal relationships. Materials and methods: This is a qualitative meta-study based on meta-data-analysis. ISI Web of Knowledge, CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS and CUIDEN PLUS were the databases used. Twenty-nine (29) studies were selected. Results: The emerging central data categories were: the personal qualities required of the care-giving staff, the care and attention provided, the personal relationship with caregivers, and the influence the elderly person-caregiver relationship has on other aspects. Conclusion: In synthesizing evidence from by a number of primary studies, this research attempts to provide a higher level of knowledge about the care needs of residents in a nursing home, based invariably on the testimonies, episodes and life experiences of the protagonists.

Objetivo: descrever que tipo de cuidados e de interação humana as pessoas idosas que moram em um lar para anciãos exigem de suas enfermeiras, a partir da síntese e da reanálise dos dados proporcionados por uma série de estudos primários que abordam a experiência de morar em um lar para anciãos. Antecedentes: os estudos de tipo qualitativo que tratam o tema das experiências vitais em um lar para anciãos se centram em aspectos como a vida diária, a qualidade de vida, as experiências de sofrimento, os cuidados recebidos, a proximidade da morte e as relações pessoais. Materiais e métodos: metaestudo qualitativo de tipo análise de metadados. As bases de dados empregadas foram: ISI Web of Knowledge, CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS e CUIDEN PLUS. Foram selecionados 29 estudos. Resultados: as categorias centrais emergentes dos dados foram: as qualidades pessoais exigidas do pessoal cuidador, as intervenções cuidadoras, a relação pessoal com os cuidadores e a influência da relação pessoa idosa-cuidador em outros aspectos. Conclusão: com este trabalho pretendemos sintetizar as evidências proporcionadas por uma série de pesquisas primárias tentando proporcionar um nível de conhecimentos maior sobre as necessidades de atendimento das pessoas residentes em um lar para anciãos, sempre a partir dos testemunhos, das experiências e das vivências dos protagonistas.

Qué hace el cuidador familiar en el hospital. Cómo se ve a sí mismo y cómo lo ven los profesionales / The role of the family caregivers in the hospital. Their self-concept and how they are seen by health professionals

Los cuidadores familiares han sido ampliamente estudiados en el ámbito domiciliario y de la atención primaria pero prácticamente no existen estudios que incidan sobre su realidad dentro de los hospitales. Con un enfoque cuantitativo y diseño descriptivo transversal mediante el uso de cuestionarios validados al efecto realizado a familiares que cuidan a ancianos ingresados en los hospitales se conoce el perfil de los mismos, qué actividades realizan y qué valoración hacen de ellos los profesionales de enfermería. Como conclusiones principales destacar: a) Las principales actividades del cuidador familiar en el hospital son de acompañamiento, entretenimiento, soporte emocional e intermediación. b) El desconocimiento de la actividad inhiben al cuidador familiar a realizar más actividades. c) Si se educa y entrena al cuidador familiar en las actividades de cuidado, se harán más. d) Los profesionales desconocen lo que los familiares dicen que hacen. No consideran que muchas de las acciones del cuidador sean realmente cuidados. Creen que los cuidadores familiares no ayudan tanto como ellos esperan al cuidado básico de los ancianos ingresados (AU)

Family caregivers have been widely studied in the home and primary care but virtually do no exits studies which influence the reality in hospitals. With a quantitative approach and cross-sectional design using questionnaires validated for that purpose made to relatives who care for elderly people in hospitals is called the profile them, what activities do and what makes them value the nurses. As main findings include: a) The main activities of family caregivers in the hospital are accompanying, entertainment, emotional support and brokerage. b) Lack of activity inhibit the family caregiver to be more active. c) If you educate and train the family caregiver in activities of care, will be more. d) Professionals know what family members say they do. Do not think that many of the actions of the caregiver are really cares. They believe that family caregivers do not help as much as they expect the basic care of hospitalized elders (AU)