[Study of the obsesity and overweight as a risk factor for asthma and severity of the asthma in children of Valencia (Spain)]. / Estudio de la obesidad y del sobrepeso como factores de riesgo de la prevalencia y severidad del asma en niños de Valencia.

BACKGROUND: Obesity and overweight have been described as factors associated with asthma. Our aim was to evaluate the role obesity plays on asthma in children. SCOPE AND SUBJECTs: A study carried out on children and teenagers between 8 and 15 years of age, chosen for a cluster-type random sampling from children who studied in 80 schools, which represents 30% of the schools in the city of Valencia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The analysed data was organized into two groups, obese (from the Body Mass Index (Kg/m2)), showing children with a percentile over 85% of the measuring reference for the Spanish population) and non obese, when they did not fulfil this condition. The prevalence of the different parameters studied was calculated by an Interval of Confidence of 95%. The risk was calculated (Relative Risk) from those symptoms compatible with asthma among obese children compared to non obese children. RESULTS: No significant relative risk (RR) was seen for obesity with regards to asthma in those percentiles of obesity over 85. Otherwise, an increase in the relative risk (RR) regarding the severity of asthma was seen in relation to obesity, mainly in the 85th percentile (RR = 1.51 of suffering between 4-12 wheezing attacks and RR = 1.86 of suffering more than 12 attacks in obese children as opposed to non obese children). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we did not identify a higher risk of asthma among obese children than among non obese children, although we did find there was a higher risk of severity of asthmatic symptoms. As far as the severity of the asthma is concerned, we saw a higher risk of wheezing and whistling attacks among obese children with the 85th and the 95th percentiles according to the Body Mass Index.

Estudio de la presencia de animales domésticos: gatos y perros, y su papel en el asma, la rinitis alérgica y la dermatitis atópica en niños / Study of the presence of domestic animals: cats and dogs and their role in asthma allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in children

No disponible

Socioeconomic factors and cervical cancer mortality in Spain during the period 1989-1997.

METHODS: A study was made of cervical cancer (CC) mortality trends in Spain during the period 1989-1997 at National, Autonomous Community and Provincial levels, in relation to different socioeconomic factors. Data were obtained from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics (Instituto Nacional de Estadística, INE). The crude mortality rates were age-adjusted using the indirect method and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as socioeconomic status (SES) indicator. RESULTS: National CC age-adjusted mortality rates have increasing slightly, varying from 3.09 deaths/100000 women in 1989 to 3.42 in 1996. The highest age-adjusted mortality rates corresponded to Seville, Palencia and Orense, with 4.13, 4.06 and 3.98 cases/100000 women, respectively. The lowest mortality rates were found in Las Palmas, Cantabria and Alicante with 2.63, 2.77 and 2.80 deaths/100000 women, respectively. A relative risk (RR) of 1.14 (95%CI: 0.98-1.32) ( P=0.048) was observed between the provinces with the lowest SES and highest mortality rate, and those with the highest SES and lowest mortality rate. CONCLUSION: The results of our study show a slight increasing trend in CC mortality rates in Spain during the period 1989-1997, and suggest that the variations among provinces and Autonomous Communities could be due to CC risk factors (SES related to human papillomavirus, parity, diet, etc.) and differences in early diagnosis.

La mortalidad por cáncer de mama entre provincias en relación con factores socioeconómicos, tasa de natalidad y edad del primer embarazo a término (1989-97) / Breast cancer mortality between Spanish provinces and its relation with socioeconomic factors, birthrate and age of the first at term pregnancy

- Propósito: En este estudio tratamos de conocer el papel del nivel socioeconómico (NSE), en la evolución de la mortalidad por cáncer de mama (CM) en España y por provincias durante el período 1989-97, teniendo en cuenta la tasa de natalidad y la edad del primer embarazo a término.- Material y métodos: La información de la mortalidad por CM a nivel nacional y por provincias se obtuvo del INE. Defunciones según la causa de muerte (IX Revisión de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades). La información sobre el NSE, la tasa de natalidad y la edad a la maternidad se obtuvieron del INE. Contabilidad regional de España e INE. Indicadores demográficos básicos para el período 1989-97. Calculándose el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y realizándose un análisis multivariante.- Resultados: Se observaron las tasas de mortalidad por CM más elevadas en las provincias de NSE más elevado, Barcelona, Gerona, Valencia, Alicante y Murcia, aunque no se obtuvo significación estadísticamente significativa. Los coeficientes de correlación de Pearson entre las tasas de mortalidad por CM, con la tasa de natalidad y la edad del primer embarazo a término fueron (-0.421) y 0.240, obteniéndose significación estadística (p<0.05). En el análisis multivariante de regresión lineal se obtuvo una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el descenso de la tasa de natalidad y el aumento de la mortalidad por CM.- Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados muestran cómo la baja tasa de natalidad, edad tardía de la mujer en el primer embarazo a término y alto NSE, se presentan con una mayor mortalidad por cáncer de mama (AU)

Evolución de la mortalidad y morbilidad del cáncer de mama por provincias y comunidades autónomas en el período 1989-97 / Evolution of mortality and morbidity due to breast cancer according to provinces and autonomous communities in spain 1989-97

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la evolución de la mortalidad y morbilidad por cáncer de mama (CM) por provincias y Comunidades Autónomas para el período 1989-1997.Los datos se obtuvieron del Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Las tasas brutas de mortalidad y morbilidad se ajustaron por el método directo e indirecto. Se obtuvieron el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y las razones de mortalidad y morbilidad. La tasa de mortalidad estandarizada más elevada por provincias se observó en Huesca y Lérida con 37,60 y 37,11 casos/100.000 mujeres, respectivamente. La tasa más baja se encontró en Navarra y Jaén con 14,11 y 18,21 casos/100.000 mujeres, respectivamente. Por Comunidades Autónomas, las tasas de mortalidad más elevadas correspondieron a Aragón, Baleares y Cataluña con 34,31, 32,90 y 32,31 casos/100.000 mujeres. Se observa un aumento de las tasas de mortalidad y morbilidad por CM tanto por provincias como por comunidades autónomas en el período 1989-1997, principalmente en áreas de nivel socioeconómico más elevado (AU)

[Effect of the ingestion of food and gynecologic risk factors on breast cancer risk in Valencia]. / Influencia de la ingesta de alimentos y factores de riesgo ginecológicos en el riesgo de cáncer de mama en Valencia.

OBJECTIVES: The present case-control study was undertaken to elucidate the role of recent diet, specially in the influence of food groups, in the development of cancer of the breast. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A case-control study of breast cancer (BC) was conducted between April to November 1997 in Valencia (Spain). Cases were 65 women aged 35-78 years. Controls included 78 women aged 34-82. Dietary habits were investigated through a validated food frequency consumption questionnaire (FFQ) included 100 foods. One summary questions were included, concerning all food items of a certain type or food frequently consumption. The difference between variables was tested by the chi-square method. For each food item, quintiles of consumption were calculated by dividing the frequency distribution of the entire study group into 20th, 40th, 60th and 80th percentiles and multiple linear regression analysis were fitted to the data. To assess the independent associations between selected BC risk factors and BC stage. RESULTS: A significant trend of increasing risk with increasing intake emerged for the following food groups: Cereal dish (rice) (OR = 1.1; 95% CI: 0.1-10.0), poultry (OR = 6.0; 95% CI: 0.9-43.9), beef meat (OR = 1.3: 95% CI: 0.5-3.6) and high intake of some food groups exerted a significant protection against development of BC: eggs (OR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.2-1.9), olive oil (OR = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.1-2.0), tomatoes (OR = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.1-1.8). When linear regression analyses was performed, consumption of tomatoes and parity showed an inverse association statistically significant with the stage of BC. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of tomatoes, mainly, consumption of eggs and olive oil, and parity exhibited a statistically significant relationship (p < 0.05) with BC stage in Valencia (Spain).

The evolution of breast cancer mortality and morbidity in Spain (1977-1988).

A study of breast cancer mortality and cancer morbidity has been carried out in Spain recently for the period 1977-1988, covering the population of the 17 Autonomous Communities and 50 provinces of the country. Data was obtained from INE, Instituto Nacional de Estadística (National Institute of Statistics), with age standardization using the indirect method. The different Autonomous Communities and provinces were compared in order to establish possible significant differences. The crude mean mortality rate was 21 cases per 100,000 inhabitants/year; Las Palmas, Gerona, Barcelona, the Balearic Islands, Navarra and Zaragoza have the highest mortality rates, with a proportional increment of 54% in that period. The crude national mean morbidity rate for the considered period was 64.0 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, and the proportional increment 180%. According to provincial figures, Alava had the highest fitted mean morbidity rate, 135 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, whilst the highest fitted mean rate was Las Palmas (28 cases/100,000 inhabitants), and the highest proportional increment was the rate for the province of Huesca (169%). When using the ANOVA test on the mean rate of the period, for mortality as well as morbidity, we observed significant differences among provinces and among Autonomous Communities (p < or = 0.05).