Estimated Costs Associated with Surgical Site Infections in Patients Undergoing Cholecystectomy.

Among healthcare-associated infections, surgical site infections (SSIs) are the most frequent in Spain. The aim of this work was to estimate the costs of SSIs in patients who underwent a cholecystectomy at the Hospital General Universitario de Alicante (Spain) between 2012-2017. This was a prospective observational cohort study. The Active Epidemiological Surveillance Program at our hospital recorded all the cholecystectomies performed. Risk factors associated with the development of SSIs were determined by multivariate analysis and two homogeneous comparison groups were obtained by using the propensity score. The number of extra days of hospital stay were recorded for patients with an SSI and with the cost per hospitalised day data, the additional cost attributed to SSIs was calculated. A total of 2200 cholecystectomies were considered; 110 patients (5.0%) developed an SSI. The average length of hospital stay was 5.6 days longer among patients with an SSI. The cost per SSI was EUR 1890.60 per patient, with the total cost for this period being EUR 207,961.60. SSIs after cholecystectomy lead to a prolongation of hospital stay and an increase in economic costs. It is essential to implement infection surveillance and control programs to reduce SSIs, improve patient safety, and reduce economic burden.

[Sero-epidemiological study of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare personnel in a healthcare department]. / Estudio de sero-epidemiología de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en profesionales sanitarios de un departamento sanitario.

OBJECTIVE: Estimate IgG antibody prevalence against SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare personnel (HCP) of a healthcare department (HD). METHOD: Prevalence study. The presence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was determined in HCP of the HD. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) tests were used. Field work took place from April 24, 2020 to May 8, 2020. The age, sex, occupation (physician, nurse, etc.) and the work area (Primary Care, Emergency Room, etc.) were gathered. The IgG antibody prevalence was then calculated with its 95% confidence interval (95% CI). To study the association between HCP characteristics and the presence IgG the Chi Square test was used, and to study the magnitude of association, the Odds Ratio (95% CI) was calculated. RESULTS: Of the 4813 HCP in the HD, 4179 (87,1%) participated. Of these, 73,3% (3065) were women and 26,7% (1114) men. The global prevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was 6,6% (95% CI: 5,8-7,3). There were statistically significant differences depending on the occupation, from 8,7% (95% CI: 6,9-10,6) on medics down to 3,2% (95% CI: 1,0-8,0) on personnel not associated with health care. The other characteristics did not associate significantly to antibody presence against SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSION: The SARS-CoV-2 infection frequency in HCP is similar to the estimated in the general population for big cities in Spain. This highlights the effectiveness of the infection control and prevention programme in this healthcare department targeted at healthcare personnel.

Sero-epidemiological study of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare personnel in a healthcare department.

OBJECTIVE: Estimate IgG antibody prevalence against SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare personnel (HCP) of a healthcare department (HD). METHOD: Prevalence study. The presence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was determined in HCP of the HD. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) tests were used. Field work took place from April 24, 2020 to May 8, 2020. The age, sex, occupation (physician, nurse, etc.) and the work area (Primary Care, Emergency Room, etc.) were gathered. The IgG antibody prevalence was then calculated with its 95% confidence interval (95% CI). To study the association between HCP characteristics and the presence IgG the Chi Square test was used, and to study the magnitude of association, the Odds Ratio (95% CI) was calculated. RESULTS: Of the 4813 HCP in the HD, 4179 (87,1%) participated. Of these, 73,3% (3065) were women and 26,7% (1114) men. The global prevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was 6,6% (95% CI: 5,8-7,3). There were statistically significant differences depending on the occupation, from 8,7% (95% CI: 6,9-10,6) on medics down to 3,2% (95% CI: 1,0-8,0) on personnel not associated with health care. The other characteristics did not associate significantly to antibody presence against SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSION: The SARS-CoV-2 infection frequency in HCP is similar to the estimated in the general population for big cities in Spain. This highlights the effectiveness of the infection control and prevention programme in this healthcare department targeted at healthcare personnel.

Estudio de sero-epidemiología de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en profesionales sanitarios de un departamento sanitario / Sero-epidemiological study of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare personnel in a healthcare department

Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de anticuerpos IgG frente a SARS-CoV-2 en profesionales sanitarios (PS) de un departamento sanitario (DS). Métodos: Estudio de prevalencia. Se determinó la presencia de anticuerpos IgG frente a SARS-CoV-2 en los PS del DS. La determinación se realizó mediante la técnica de ELISA. El trabajo de campo se realizó del 24 de abril de 2020 al 8 de mayo de 2020. Se recogieron edad, sexo, estamento (facultativo, enfermería, etc.) y área de trabajo (atención primaria, urgencias, etc.). Se calculó la prevalencia de anticuerpos IgG frente a SARS-CoV-2 con su intervalo de confianza al 95% (IC95%). Para estudiar la asociación entre las características de los PS y la presencia de IgG se utilizó la prueba de la ji cuadrado y para cuantificar la magnitud de asociación se calculó la odds ratio (IC95%). Resultados: De los 4.813 PS del DS participaron 4.179 (87,1%). De estos, el 73,3% (3.065) eran mujeres y el 26,7% (1.114) hombres. La prevalencia global de presencia de anticuerpos IgG frente a SARS-CoV-2 fue del 6,6% (IC95%: 5,8-7,3). Hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas según estamento, oscilando del 8,7% (IC95%: 6,9-10,6) en facultativos al 3,2% (IC95%: 1,0-8,0) en otro personal no sanitario. El resto de características no se asociaron de forma significativa a la presencia de anticuerpos frente a SARS-CoV-2. Conclusión: La frecuencia de infección por SARS-CoV-2 en PS es similar a la estimada para la población general en grandes ciudades en España, lo que orienta sobre la efectividad del programa de prevención y control de infecciones dirigido a los profesionales sanitarios en este DS.(AU)

Objective: Estimate IgG antibody prevalence against SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare personnel (HCP) of a healthcare department (HD). Method: Prevalence study. The presence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was determined in HCP of the HD. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) tests were used. Field work took place from April 24, 2020 to May 8, 2020. The age, sex, occupation (physician, nurse, etc.) and the work area (Primary Care, Emergency Room, etc.) were gathered. The IgG antibody prevalence was then calculated with its 95% confidence interval (95%CI). To study the association between HCP characteristics and the presence IgG the Chi Square test was used, and to study the magnitude of association, the Odds Ratio (95%CI) was calculated. Results: Of the 4813 HCP in the HD, 4179 (87,1%) participated. Of these, 73,3% (3065) were women and 26,7% (1114) men. The global prevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was 6,6% (95%CI: 5,8-7,3). There were statistically significant differences depending on the occupation, from 8,7% (95%CI: 6,9-10,6) on medics down to 3,2% (95%CI: 1,0-8,0) on personnel not associated with health care. The other characteristics did not associate significantly to antibody presence against SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion: The SARS-CoV-2 infection frequency in HCP is similar to the estimated in the general population for big cities in Spain. This highlights the effectiveness of the infection control and prevention programme in this healthcare department targeted at healthcare personnel.(AU)

[Effectiveness of the first dose of BNT162b2 vaccine to preventing covid-19 in healthcare personnel.] / Efectividad de la primera dosis de vacuna BNT162b2 para prevenir la COVID-19 en personal sanitario.

OBJECTIVE: A first protective dose of vaccine may allow delaying the second dose in a context of low supply. The objective is to assess the effectiveness of a single dose of vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 (BNT162b2) after twelve days of its administration in healthcare personnel (HCP) of a Health Department. METHODS: A case-control study was made. HCP with suspected COVID-19 and HCP close contacts of COVID-19 cases were included between January 27 and February 7, 2021. They were PCR tested for SARS-CoV-2; those with positive PCR were considered cases and those with negative PCR were considered controls. The crude (VE) and adjusted (VEa) vaccine effectiveness to prevent COVID-19 cases and their 95% confidence interval were calculated using the formula VE = (1-Odds ratio) x 100. RESULTS: 268 HCP were included, of which 70 (26.1%) were considered cases and 198 (73.9%) controls. The frequency of vaccine exposure in cases was 55.7% vs. 69.7% in controls (p=0.035). The VEa of the first vaccine dose was 52.6% (95%CI: 1.1-77.3). The VEa in the subgroup of HCP studied for suspected disease was 74.6% (CI95%: 38.4-89.5). CONCLUSIONS: One dose of BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 offers early protection after twelve days of administration. These data could be considered to adapt strategies and consider postponing the second dose in situations of limited vaccine supply in order to achieve the maximum number of people covered with a first dose.

OBJETIVO: Una primera dosis de vacuna protectora permitiría aplazar la segunda dosis en un contexto de suministro escaso. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer la efectividad de una dosis de vacuna frente a SARS-CoV-2 (BNT162b2) tras doce días de su administración en personal sanitario (PS) de un Departamento de Salud. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles. Se incluyó a PS con sospecha de COVID-19 y PS que tuvo contactos estrechos con casos de COVID-19 entre el 27 de enero y el 7 de febrero de 2021. Se les realizó una PCR para determinar SARS-CoV-2; aquellos con PCR positiva fueron considerados casos y aquellos con PCR negativa fueron considerados controles. Se calculó la efectividad vacunal cruda (EV) y ajustada (EVa) para prevenir casos de COVID-19 y su intervalo de confianza al 95%, mediante la fórmula EV = (1-Odds ratio) x 100. RESULTADOS: Fueron incluidos 268 PS, de los cuales 70 (26,1%) fueron considerados casos y 198 (73,9%) controles. La frecuencia de exposición a la vacuna en los casos fue del 55,7% frente al 69,7% en los controles (p=0,035). La EVa de la primera dosis de vacuna fue del 52,6% (IC95%: 1,1-77,3). La EVa en el subgrupo de PS estudiados por sospecha de enfermedad fue del 74,6% (IC95%: 38,4-89,5). CONCLUSIONES: Una dosis de vacuna BNT162b2 frente a SARS-CoV-2 ofrece protección temprana tras doce días de su administración. Estos datos podrían considerarse para adaptar estrategias y valorar aplazar la segunda dosis en situaciones de limitación de suministro de vacuna, con el fin de conseguir el máximo número de personas cubiertas con una primera dosis.

Estudio de sero-epidemiología de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en profesionales sanitarios de un departamento sanitario / Sero-epidemiological study of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare personnel in a healthcare department

OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia de anticuerpos IgG frente a SARS-CoV-2 en profesionales sanitarios (PS) de un departamento sanitario (DS). MÉTODOS: Estudio de prevalencia. Se determinó la presencia de anticuerpos IgG frente a SARS-CoV-2 en los PS del DS. La determinación se realizó mediante la técnica de ELISA. El trabajo de campo se realizó del 24 de abril de 2020 al 8 de mayo de 2020. Se recogieron edad, sexo, estamento (facultativo, enfermería, etc.) y área de trabajo (atención primaria, urgencias, etc.). Se calculó la prevalencia de anticuerpos IgG frente a SARS-CoV-2 con su intervalo de confianza al 95% (IC95%). Para estudiar la asociación entre las características de los PS y la presencia de IgG se utilizó la prueba de la ji cuadrado y para cuantificar la magnitud de asociación se calculó la odds ratio (IC95%). RESULTADOS: De los 4.813 PS del DS participaron 4.179 (87,1%). De estos, el 73,3% (3.065) eran mujeres y el 26,7% (1.114) hombres. La prevalencia global de presencia de anticuerpos IgG frente a SARS-CoV-2 fue del 6,6% (IC95%: 5,8-7,3). Hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas según estamento, oscilando del 8,7% (IC95%: 6,9-10,6) en facultativos al 3,2% (IC95%: 1,0-8,0) en otro personal no sanitario. El resto de características no se asociaron de forma significativa a la presencia de anticuerpos frente a SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSIÓN: La frecuencia de infección por SARS-CoV-2 en PS es similar a la estimada para la población general en grandes ciudades en España, lo que orienta sobre la efectividad del programa de prevención y control de infecciones dirigido a los profesionales sanitarios en este DS

OBJECTIVE: Estimate IgG antibody prevalence against SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare personnel (HCP) of a healthcare department (HD). METHOD: Prevalence study. The presence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was determined in HCP of the HD. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) tests were used. Field work took place from April 24, 2020 to May 8, 2020. The age, sex, occupation (physician, nurse, etc.) and the work area (Primary Care, Emergency Room, etc.) were gathered. The IgG antibody prevalence was then calculated with its 95% confidence interval (95%CI). To study the association between HCP characteristics and the presence IgG the Chi Square test was used, and to study the magnitude of association, the Odds Ratio (95%CI) was calculated. RESULTS: Of the 4813 HCP in the HD, 4179 (87,1%) participated. Of these, 73,3% (3065) were women and 26,7% (1114) men. The global prevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was 6,6% (95%CI: 5,8-7,3). There were statistically significant differences depending on the occupation, from 8,7% (95%CI: 6,9-10,6) on medics down to 3,2% (95%CI: 1,0-8,0) on personnel not associated with health care. The other characteristics did not associate significantly to antibody presence against SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSION: The SARS-CoV-2 infection frequency in HCP is similar to the estimated in the general population for big cities in Spain. This highlights the effectiveness of the infection control and prevention programme in this healthcare department targeted at healthcare personnel