Electrocatalytic C-H/S-H Coupling of Amino Pyrazoles and Thiophenols: Synthesis of Amino Pyrazole Thioether Derivatives.

A mild method for the C-H/S-H coupling of pyrazol-5-amines and thiophenols was developed via electrochemistry, giving diverse amino pyrazole thioether derivatives in 37-98% yields. This electrochemical reaction is sustainable and an atom-efficient approach with good functional group tolerance and scalability by avoiding metal and external chemical oxidants.

Electrochemically Enable N-Sulfenylation/Phosphinylation of Sulfoximines via Oxidative Dehydrocoupling Reaction.

An electrochemical oxidative cross-coupling strategy for the synthesis of N-sulfenylsulfoximines from sulfoximines and thiols was accomplished, giving diverse N-sulfenylsulfoximines in moderate to good yields. Moreover, this strategy can be extended to construct the N-P bond of N-phosphinylated sulfoximines. With electrons as reagents, the oxidative dehydrogenation cross-coupling reaction proceeds smoothly in the absence of traditional redox reagents.

Nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay predicts the prognosis of dilated cardiomyopathy.

PURPOSE: Left bundle branch block (LBBB) has been confirmed to be independently associated with adverse outcomes in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, prognostic data on nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay (NSIVCD) are still limited and conflicting. We aimed to evaluate the prognosis of DCM with NSIVCD. METHODS: A total of 548 DCM patients who underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) from January 2016 to December 2017 were consecutively enrolled. The cohort was divided into four groups: 87 with LBBB, 27 with RBBB, 61 with NSIVCD, and 373 without intraventricular conduction delay (IVCD). After a median follow-up of 58 months (interquartile range: 47-65), 123 patients reached the composite endpoints, which included cardiovascular death, heart transplantation, and malignant arrhythmias. The associations between different patterns of IVCD and the outcomes of DCM were analysed by Kaplan‒Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. RESULTS: Of 548 DCM patients, there were 398 males (72.6%), and the average age was 46 ± 15 years, ranging from 18 to 76 years. In Kaplan‒Meier analysis, patients with NSIVCD and LBBB showed higher event rates than patients without IVCD, while RBBB patients did not. By multivariate Cox regression analysis, LBBB, NSIVCD, NYHA class, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), indexed left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDDI), percentage of late gadolinium enhancement mass (LGE%), and global longitudinal strain (GLS) were found to be independently associated with the outcomes of DCM. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to LBBB, NSIVCD was an unfavourable prognostic marker in patients with DCM, independent of LVEDDI, NYHA class, LVEF, LGE%, and GLS.

Long-term deposition of fly ash regulates bacterial communities in different disturbance zones: Evidence from diversity, network complexity and predictive metabolic function.

The structural diversity and metabolic pathways formed by soil microbial-environmental factor interactions can be used to predict the differences in microbial ecological functions. The storage of fly ash (FA) has caused potential harm to the surrounding soil environment, whereas little is known about bacterial communities and environmental factor interactions in FA-disturbed areas. In this study, we selected two disturbed areas (DW: dry-wet deposition zone, LF: leachate flow zone) and two nondisturbed areas (CSO: control point soil, CSE: control point sediment) as the test areas and used high-throughput sequencing technology to investigate the bacterial communities. The results indicated that (1) FA disturbance significantly increased the electrical conductivity (EC), geometric mean diameter (GMD), soil organic carbon (SOC) and some potentially toxic metals (PTMs) (Cu, Zn, Se and Pb) of DW and LF and significantly decreased the AK of DW and the pH of LF (p < 0.05). (2) The relative abundance of Proteobacteria was significantly increased in the DW (p < 0.05). Similarly, the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes obviously increased in the LF (p < 0.001). Interestingly, the α and ß diversity of LF flora and the ß diversity of DW flora changed. (3) The order of influence of bacterial community structure was nutrient characteristics > physical properties > PTMs. Among all factors, AK (33.9 %) and pH (44.3 %) were the key environmental limiting factors for the bacterial community in the DW and the LF, respectively. (4) FA perturbation reduced the complexity, connectivity and modularity of the interaction network between bacteria and disturbed them by increasing the metabolic pathways that degrade pollutants. In conclusion, our results revealed the changes in the bacterial community and the main environmental driving factors under different pathways of FA disturbance; this information provides a theoretical basis for ecological environment management.

Quantitative left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony by magnetic resonance imaging predicts the prognosis of dilated cardiomyopathy.

PURPOSE: Left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony is believed to be associated with the prognosis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) mainly assessed by echocardiography. This study sought to explore whether quantitative LV mechanical dyssynchrony by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) tissue feature tracking could predict the prognosis of DCM. METHOD: Patients undergoing CMR between January 2016 and December 2017 were reviewed to identify DCM patients. Quantitative LV mechanical dyssynchrony was assessed by CMR strain analysis. The outcomes of these DCM patients were followed up. The association between LV mechanical dyssynchrony and outcomes was analyzed by Cox proportional regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 417 patients with DCM were enrolled. At a median follow-up of 57 months, 109 patients reached endpoints: 19, sudden cardiac death; 34, heart failure death; 41, heart transplantation; 9, malignant ventricular arrhythmias; 2, LV assist devices; and 4, appropriate shocks of defibrillators. After adjustment for confounding variables, the 16-segment standard deviation of the time-to-peak radial strain (16SDTTPRS) (HR, 1.932 [95% CI: 1.079, 3.461]; P = 0.027), LV end-diastolic diameter index (HR, 1.049 [95% CI: 1.020, 1.080]; P = 0.001), NYHA classes (HR, 2.131 [95% CI: 1.597-2.844]; P < 0.001) and late gadolinium enhancement (HR, 3.219 [95% CI: 2.164, 4.787]; P < 0.001) were independently associated with composite endpoints. CONCLUSIONS: The quantitative LV mechanical dyssynchrony parameter 16SDTTPRS derived from CMR was independently associated with adverse outcomes in patients with DCM.

Positive coping style reduction in elderly end-stage renal disease patients: mediating role of white matter mean diffusivity.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to explore elderly patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) white matter changes, the relationship between white matter (WM) abnormalities and emotional regulation strategies, coping styles in elderly ESRD patients. METHODS: Twenty-eight elderly ESRD patients and twenty-eight sex and age matched healthy controls (HC) were included in this study. Tract-based spatial statistic (TBSS) was used to investigate the microstructural changes of WM. Two questionnaires were used to measure emotional regulation strategies and coping styles. RESULTS: Neuroimaging analysis showed that the damage of WM structure was widespread in elderly ESRD patients. Psychological test results showed that there were differences in emotional regulation strategies and coping styles between elderly ESRD patients and HC. Furthermore, mediating analysis showed that the mean diffusivity (MD) of the significantly different brain regions played a complete mediating role between group and positive coping style. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the integrity of WM, emotional regulation strategies and coping styles play an important role in ESRD patients. Our findings provide evidence that positive coping style may be fully mediated by MD. These results may help us develop new ways to treat and prevent physical and psychological problems in elderly ESRD hemodialysis patients.

[Decomposition dynamics and driving factors of manure in reclaimed soils in coal mining area]. / ç ¤çŸ¿åŒºå¤åž¦åœŸå£¤ä¸­æœ‰æœºè‚¥çš„åˆ†è§£åŠ¨æ€åŠå ¶é©±åŠ¨å› ç´ .

Understanding the decomposition dynamics and driving factors of manure in the soil subjected to different reclaimed years could provide theoretical basis to rational utilization of manure and soil fertility improvement in coal mining area. Cattle manure and pig manure were mixed with soils subjected to different reclaimed years (one year, R1; 10 years, R10; and 30 years, R30) at the ratio of manure carbon to soil mass of 4 to 100, so as to examine manure decomposition characteristics using the nylon mesh bag (15 cm deep of soil buried) in the Shanxi coal mine reclamation area, with no manure addition as control (CK). Soil samples were collected at day 12, 23, 55, 218, 281, and 365 to measure the contents of soil manure residual, soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The contributions of soil properties, manure properties, and hydrothermal condition to manure decomposition were quantified. The results showed that the decomposition rates of pig manure were significantly higher than cattle manure. The humification coefficient of pig manure (average 46.3%) was lower than that of cattle manure (average 71.7%). The humification coefficient of pig manure was significantly lower in the 30-year reclaimed soil (44.5%) compared to the 1-year and 10-year reclaimed soil (average 47.2%). There was no significant difference in the humification coefficient of cattle manure among the three reclaimed soils. The proportion and decomposition rate constant of labile carbon pool of pig manure and cattle manure were significantly different, with values of 52% and 26%, and 0.00085 and 0.00074 ℃-1, respectively. The positive effect of pig manure on MBC and DOC in reclaimed soil was significantly higher than that of cattle manure over 0-218 days, but no difference over 281-365 days. The magnitude of the enhancement of MBC and DOC in those three reclaimed soils after manure amendments showed a similar trend of R1 >R10 ≈ R30. Results of variance partitioning analysis showed that manure decomposition was mainly controlled by manure properties (17.9%) when considering soil properties, manure properties, and hydrothermal condition. In conclusion, the decomposition of pig manure but not cattle manure was regulated by reclamation year. Cattle manure, with higher humification coefficient than pig manure, was recommended for reclaimed mining area to improve soil fertility.

Prognostic Value of Coronary CT Angiography-Derived Fractional Flow Reserve in Non-obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: A Prospective Multicenter Observational Study.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Myocardial ischemia may occur in patients with normal or non-obstructive CAD on invasive coronary angiography (ICA). The comprehensive evaluation of coronary CT angiography (CCTA) integrated with fractional flow reserve derived from CCTA (CT-FFR) to CAD may be essential to improve the outcomes of patients with non-obstructive CAD. China CT-FFR Study-2 (ChiCTR2000031410) is a large-scale prospective, observational study in 29 medical centers in China. The primary purpose is to uncover the relationship between the CCTA findings (including CT-FFR) and the outcome of patients with non-obstructive CAD. At least 10,000 patients with non-obstructive CAD but without previous revascularization will be enrolled. A 5-year follow-up will be performed. The primary endpoint is the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarct, unplanned revascularization, and hospitalization for unstable angina. Clinical characteristics, laboratory and imaging examination results will be collected to analyze their prognostic value.

Contrast in soil microbial metabolic functional diversity to fertilization and crop rotation under rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere in the coal gangue landfill reclamation area of Loess Hills.

Very poor reclaimed soil quality and weak microbial activity occur in the reclamation area of a coal gangue landfill in the Loess Hills. The fourth and fifth years after farmland soil was reclaimed were studied, and the changes in and carbon source utilization characteristics of rhizosphere (R) and non-rhizosphere (S) soil microorganisms under organic and inorganic (OF), inorganic (F), and organic (O) fertilizer application and a control treatment (CK) in soybean (S) and maize (M) rotation systems were compared and analysed in Guljiao Tunlan, Shanxi Province, China. Biolog-EcoPlate technology was used to analyse the mechanism of soil characteristic change from the perspective of soil microbial metabolism function to provide a theoretical basis for reclamation and ecological reconstruction in this area. The average well colour development (AWCD) absorption and Shannon-Wiener index values of soybean and maize rhizosphere microorganisms were higher than those of non-rhizosphere microorganisms, and the mean value of the fertilizer treatment was higher than that for CK. Principal component analysis shows the main carbon sources that impact the functional diversity of the soybean rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil communities are a-cyclodextrin, a-D-lactose, ß-methyl D-glucoside, and glucose-1-phosphate and L-phenylalanine, while those for the maize rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil communities are D-cellobiose, glucose-1-phosphate, ß-methyl D-glucoside, methyl pyruvate, D-galactosate gamma lactone, D-mannitol, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, D-galactosalonic acid, and L-serine. The comprehensive utilization score of the non-rhizosphere soil carbon source in the maize season increased with respect to that in the soybean season, and the maximum increase was 1.09 under the OF treatment. Redundancy analysis showed that the soil nutrient factors driving the changes in the metabolic function diversity index values of the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil microbial communities in the different crop seasons in the reclamation area differed, but they were all related to the soil organic matter and available phosphorus. This may explain why OF treatment is the most beneficial to soil fertility under the rotation system in mining reclamation areas.