[Investigate of the etiology and prevention status of liver cirrhosis].

Objective: To investigate the etiology, prevention and treatment status, and their corresponding regional differences of the patients with liver cirrhosis in China, in order to provide scientific basis for the development of diagnosis and control strategies in China. Methods: Clinical data of patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis for the first time through January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020 from 50 hospitals in seven different regions of China were collected and analyzed retrospectively, and the difference of etiology, treatment, and their differences in various regions were analyzed. Results: A total of 11 861 cases with liver cirrhosis were included in the study. Thereinto, 5 093 cases (42.94%) were diagnosed as compensated cirrhosis, and 6 768 cases (57.06%) had decompensated cirrhosis. Notably, 8 439 cases (71.15%) were determined as chronic hepatitis B-caused cirrhosis, 1 337 cases (11.27%) were alcoholic liver disease, 963 cases (8.12%) were chronic hepatitis C, 698 cases (5.88%) were autoimmune liver disease, 367 cases (3.09%) were schistosomiasis, 177 cases (1.49%) were nonalcoholic fatty liver, and 743 cases (6.26%) of other types of liver disease. There were significant differences in the incidence of chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, alcoholic liver disease, fatty liver, schistosomiasis liver disease, and autoimmune liver disease among the seven regions (P<0.001). Only 1 139 cases (9.60%) underwent endoscopic therapy, thereinto, 718 cases (6.05%) underwent surgical therapy, and 456 cases (3.84%) underwent interventional therapy treatment. In patients with compensated liver cirrhosis, 60 cases (0.51%) underwent non-selective ß receptor blockers(NSBB), including 59 cases (0.50%) underwent propranolol and 1 case (0.01%) underwent carvedilol treatment. In patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis, 310 cases (2.61%) underwent NSBB treatment, including 303 cases (2.55%) underwent propranolol treatment and 7 cases (0.06%) underwent carvedilol treatment. Interestingly, there were significant differences in receiving endoscopic therapy, interventional therapy, NSBB therapy, splenectomy and other surgical treatments among the seven regions (P<0.001). Conclusion: Currently, chronic hepatitis B is the main cause (71.15%) of liver cirrhosis in several regions of China, and alcoholic liver disease has become the second cause (11.27%) of liver cirrhosis in China. The three-level prevention and control of cirrhosis in China should be further strengthened.

[Effect of open-lung ventilation strategy on oxygenation-impairment during laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection].

Objective: After general anesthesia and mechanical ventilation for laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection, about 90% of patients would have different degrees of atelectasis. Authors speculated that an open-lung strategy (OLS) comprising moderate positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and intermittent recruitment maneuvers (RM) can reduce atelectrauma and thus reduce the incidence of oxygenation-impairment during low-tidal-volume ventilation for laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection. The purpose of this study was to verify this hypothesis and provide a better intraoperative ventilation scheme for laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection. Methods: This was a prospectively randomized controlled clinical trial which was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University (2017ZSLYEC-002), and registered at the ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03160144). From January to July 2017, patients who underwent laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection, with age > 40 years, estimated pneumoperitoneum time ≥ 1.5 h, pulse oxygen saturation ≥ 92%, and risk grade for postoperative pulmonary complications ≥ 2 were prospectively enrolled. The patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status ≥ IV, body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m(2), pneumonia, acute respiratory failure or sepsis within 1 month, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary bullae and progressive neuromuscular diseases, and those participating in other interventional clinical trials were excluded. The enrolled patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to the OLS group (with a PEEP of 6-8 cm H(2)O and intermittent RM), and the NOLS group (without using PEEP and RM). Partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO(2)) /fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO(2)) and shunt fraction (Q(S)/Q(T)) were calculated via arterial and central venous blood gas analysis performed at 0.5 h (T(1)), 1.5 h (T(2)) after pneumoperitoneum induction and at 20 min after admission to the recovery room. Driving pressure immediately before pneumoperitoneum induction (T(0)) and at T(2) were calculated via monitoring data. The primary outcome was oxygenation-impairment (PaO(2)/FiO(2) ≤ 300 mmHg) during mechanical ventilation. Results: In each group, 48 patients under general anesthesia and low-tidal-volume ventilation were included in the final analysis. During ventilation, the oxygenation-impairment occurred in 7 patients (14.6%) of OLS group and in 17 patients (35.4%) of NOLS group, whose difference was statistically significant between two groups (χ(2)=5.556, RR=0.31, 95%CI: 0.12 to 0.84, P=0.033). During ventilation, the patients in the OLS group had higher PaO(2)/FiO(2) [T(1): (427±103) mmHg vs. (366±109) mmHg, t=-2.826, P=0.006; T(2): (453±103) mmHg vs. (388±122) mmHg, t=-2.739, P=0.007], lower Q(S)/Q(T) [ T(1): (9.2±6.5) % vs. (12.6±7.7) %, t=2.322, P=0.022; T(2): (7.0±5.8)% vs.(10.9±9.2)%, t=2.408, P=0.019], and lower driving pressure [T(0): (6±3) cm H(2)O vs. (10±2) cm H(2)O, t=7.421, P<0.001; T(2): (13±3) cm H(2)O vs. (17±4) cm H(2)O, t=5.417, P<0.001] than those in the NOLS group, with stratistical differences in all comparisons. In recovery room, though PaO(2)/FiO(2) [(70.3±9.4) mmHg vs. (66.8±9.4) mmHg, P=0.082] was still higher and Q(S)/Q(T) [(18.6±8.3)% vs. (21.8±8.4)%, P=0.070] was still lower in the OLS group as compared to the NOLS group, the differences were not statistically significant (both P>0.05). Conclusion: The application of such an OLS during low-tidal-volume ventilation can greatly reduce the incidence of oxygenation-impairment in laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection, and such effect may last to the period of emergence from anesthesia.

Comparison of MAP method with classical methods for bandpass correction of white LED spectra.

The bandwidth of a spectrometer is an important error-influencing factor in spectral measurement. To obtain accurate results, bandpass correction is an indispensable step in spectral data processing. To deal with such a problem, several methods have been proposed, including the differential operator method using a local polynomial approximation and the Richardson-Lucy method combined with a regularization. Here we employ a method based on the maximum a posteriori estimation. The efficiency of the method is verified through a large number of experiments on the spectra of white light-emitting diodes. By comparing the error of the reference spectrum, it was found that this method can effectively correct spectra, thus providing more accurate information for further analysis.

MicroRNA-582-5p suppressed gastric cancer cell proliferation via targeting AKT3.

OBJECTIVE: To dissect the functioning mode of miR-582-5p on gastric cancer cell growth and provide therapeutic targets for gastric cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Relative expression levels of miR-582-5p in human gastric cancer tissue samples and gastric cancer-derived cell lines were measured by using quantitative Real-time PCR. Cell proliferation and viability capacities were assessed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay and colony formation assay. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were identified by flow cytometry. Downstream target gene was confirmed by using luciferase and Western blotting assays. RESULTS: MiR-582-5p was downregulated in gastric cancer tissues when compared with para-carcinoma tissues (n=42). Overexpressed miR-582-5p could attenuate cell proliferation and viability capacities, as well as promoted cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. AKT3 was chosen as the target gene of miR-582-5p by bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, restoration of AKT3 could impair tumor suppression role of miR-582-5p on gastric cancer growth. CONCLUSIONS: MiR-582-5p exerted tumor-suppressive effects on gastric cancer growth via targeting AKT3 in vitro, which provided an innovative and candidate target for diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.

Bandwidth correction in the spectral measurement of light-emitting diodes.

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are widely employed in industrial applications and scientific research. However, spectral distortions will occur due to the broadening effects of the spectrometer when an LED spectrum is obtained with a spectrometer. In this paper, a novel approach is put forward to correct bandwidth for an LED spectrum based on a Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and He-Zheng model. We compare estimation errors of different LED spectra by using the proposed method along with the Richardson-Lucy method and differential operator approach. The experimental results show that the effect of the proposed approach is better than that of the other two methods.

Accurate wavelength calibration method for compact CCD spectrometer.

Wavelength calibration is an important step in charge-coupled device (CCD) spectrometers. In this paper, an accurate calibration method is proposed. A model of a line profile spectrum is built at the beginning, followed by noise reduction, bandwidth correction, and automatic peak-seeking treatment. Experimental tests are conducted on the USB4000 spectrometer with a mercury-argon calibration light source. Compared with the traditional method, the results show that this wavelength calibration procedure obtains higher accuracy and the deviations are within 0.1 nm.

Association between RNF41 gene c.-206 T > A genetic polymorphism and risk of congenital heart diseases in the Chinese Mongolian population.

This study aimed to explore the association between ring finger protein 41 (RNF41) c.-206 T > A variant and susceptibility to congenital heart disease (CHD) in the Chinese Mongolian population. The association between RNF41 gene c.-206 T > A polymorphism and CHD was examined in two independent case-control studies consisting of 219 CHD patients and 208 healthy controls. Genotype was determined by direct sequencing of PCR products. We found that the genotype frequencies of RNF41 c.-206 T > A differ significantly between the two groups (P < 0.05). The TT and TA genotypes in the CHD group were 80.67 and 19.33%, respectively. On the other hand, the frequencies of TT and TA in the control group were 94.44 and 5.56%, respectively. Furthermore, the allelic frequencies of CHD patients (T, 90.34%; A, 9.66%) were significantly different as compared with those of non-CHD controls (T, 97.22%; A, 2.78%; χ2 = 4.031, P = 0.041). Our study demonstrates that the RNF41 c.-206 T > A polymorphism may be a risk factor for congenital heart disease in the Chinese Mongolian population.

Detection of HPV-16 DNA in cervical carcinoma by paraffin section in situ hybridization.

Thirty-eight cervical carcinomas and one cervical condyloma were examined for the presence of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) DNA using 3H-dcTP-labelled HPV-16 DNA probe in paraffin section in situ hybridization and dot blot hybridization (Tm-17 degrees C). The results showed that HPV-16 DNA positive rate in our series was about 74.4% (29/39) as determined by paraffin section in situ hybridization and about 71.8% (28/29) by dot blot hybridization. There was no significant difference between the two methods. We thus confirmed that paraffin section in situ hybridization is an informative, reliable, and sensitive method for the diagnosis of cervical HPV infection.