Effect of high-flow nasal cannula on patients' recovery after inhalation general anesthesia.

Objective: To investigate the effect of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and Oxygen Nebuliser mask (ONM) on patients recovering from inhalation anesthesia. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 128 patients after inhalation of general anesthesia in the recovery room of the Anesthesiology Department of The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from September 2019 to September 2021. All patients received the same anesthesia induction and analgesia methods, inhalation anesthesia or intravenous-inhalation anesthesia maintenance, recovered spontaneous breathing and removed endotracheal intubation after surgery, then were divided into HFNC group and ONM group for oxygen therapy. HFNC setting mode: flow rate: 20-60 L/minutes, humidification temperature: 37°C, the oxygen concentration was adjusted to maintain finger pulse oxygen saturation SPO2>90%; ONM group, the oxygen flow rate was adjusted to maintain finger pulse oxygen saturation SPO2>90%. All patients in the two groups were compared immediately after they entered the recovery room for 0 minutes,, 10 minutes, and 20 minutes,, including tidal volume, blood gas, Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) score and time from sedation to awakening. Results: The changes in tidal volume, oxygenation index and RASS score over time in the HFNC group were higher than those in the ONM group (p<0.05), and the awakening time in the HFNC group was faster than that in the ONM group (p<0.01), with significant statistical differences. Conclusions: Compared with ONM, HFNC can shorten postoperative recovery time, reduce the incidence of agitation and improve lung function and oxygenation state during recovery from anesthesia.

Interfacial Energy Level Tuning for Efficient and Thermostable CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells.

Inorganic mixed-halide CsPbX3-based perovskite solar cells (PeSCs) are emerging as one of the most promising types of PeSCs on account of their thermostability compared to organic-inorganic hybrid counterparts. However, dissatisfactory device performance and high processing temperature impede their development for viable applications. Herein, a facile route is presented for tuning the energy levels and electrical properties of sol-gel-derived ZnO electron transport material (ETM) via the doping of a classical alkali metal carbonate Cs2CO3. Compared to bare ZnO, Cs2CO3-doped ZnO possesses more favorable interface energetics in contact with the CsPbI2Br perovskite layer, which can reduce the ohmic loss to a negligible level. The optimized PeSCs achieve an improved open-circuit voltage of 1.28 V, together with an increase in fill factor and short-circuit current. The optimized power conversion efficiencies of 16.42% and 14.82% are realized on rigid glass substrate and flexible plastic substrate, respectively. A high thermostability can be simultaneously obtained via defect passivation at the Cs2CO3-doped ZnO/CsPbI2Br interface, and 81% of the initial efficiency is retained after aging for 200 h at 85 °C.

Recent progress of light manipulation strategies in organic and perovskite solar cells.

Organic and perovskite solar cells are suffering from the insufficient utilization of incident light and thus low light harvesting efficiency despite their rapid progress in the past decade. In this regard, light manipulation strategies have attracted numerous attention to solve this inherent limit. Herein, the recent advances in light manipulation techniques in this area are overviewed. The light manipulation mechanisms are illustrated to classify the structures. Various light manipulation structures, fabrication techniques, and corresponding results are given and discussed, addressing the suppression of surface reflection, nano/micro-structure-induced light scattering, and the plasmonic effects with periodic metallic patterns and metallic nanoparticles. A brief perspective on future research is also proposed for pursuing broadband light harvesting.

In Situ Observation of Light Illumination-Induced Degradation in Organometal Mixed-Halide Perovskite Films.

Organometal mixed-halide perovskite materials hold great promise for next-generation solar cells, light-emitting diodes, lasers, and photodetectors. Except for the rapid progress in the efficiency of perovskite-based devices, the stability issue over prolonged light illumination has severely hindered their practical application. The deterioration mechanism of organometal halide perovskite materials under light illumination has seldom been conducted to date, which is indispensable to the understanding and optimization of photon-harvesting process inside perovskite-based optoelectronic devices. Here, explicit degradation pathways and comprehensive microscopic understandings of white-light-induced degradation have been put forward for two organometal mixed-halide perovskite materials (e.g., MAPbI3-xClx and MAPbBr3-xClx) under high vacuum conditions. In situ compositional analysis and real-time film characterizations reveal that the decomposition of both mixed-halide perovskites starts at the grain boundaries, leading to the formation of hydrocarbons and ammonia gas with the residuals of PbI2(Cl), Pb, or PbClxBr2-x in the films. The degradation has been correlated to the localized trap states that induce strong coupling between photoexcited carriers and the crystal lattice.