Epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Songjiang District， Shanghai from 2013 to 2021 / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of the varicella vaccine immunization strategy in Shanghai， and to provide evidence for enhancing prevention and control measures by analyzing the incidence and trends of varicella in Songjiang District， Shanghai from 2013 to 2021. MethodsA descriptive analysis was conducted on 12 417 varicella cases reported in Songjiang District between 2013 and 2021. The epidemiological distribution of varicella cases was described， and the incidence rates were compared among different demographic variables， including registered residence， gender， age， and occupation. ResultsA total of 12 417 varicella cases were reported in Songjiang District from 2013 to 2021，with an average annual incidence of 77.03/105. The incidence of varicella showed an increasing trend from 2013 to 2017 （χ2trend=19.39， P<0.001）， followed by a subsequent decrease from 2017 to 2021（χ2trend=758.62， P<0.001）. Varicella cases demonstrated significant seasonal variation， with peak incidences occurring in April to May and November to January of the following year. The incidence rate among local residents was higher than that among non-local residents （χ2=2 935.58， P<0.001）. Most （38.59%） of the cases were students aged between 5 and 9 years old， accounting for 23.45% of the total cases. However， the age distribution of cases varied over the years （χ2=615.57， P<0.001）， and the incidence among children aged 5 to 9 years showed a declining trend since 2017. ConclusionThe overall incidence of varicella in Songjiang District exhibites a declining trend in recent years. Although varicella primarily affects children， there have notable changes in the age distribution. Adjustment of the immunization strategy for varicella vaccines in Shanghai effectively reduces the proportion of school-age subjects.

Two cases of measles after vaccination with measles mumps and rubella combined live attenuated vaccine / 上海预防医学

Measles is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the measles virus. It is highly infectious and easy to occur in children. It causes many serious complications such as tracheitis， otitis media and pneumonia. Since the promotion of the measles vaccine in China， the measles epidemic has been effectively controlled. From June 1， 2020， the immunization procedure of measles-containing vaccine for children in Shanghai has been adjusted to one dose of measles， mumps and rubella combined live attenuated vaccine （MMR） at the age of 8 months， 18 months and 6 years. There is generally no local reaction after the injection of the MMR vaccine. A few individuals may have transient fever and scattered rash， which generally fade away by themselves. However， because it is a live vaccine， it may cause vaccine related diseases in extremely rare cases. This paper reports two cases of measles after vaccination with the MMR vaccine.

Monitoring of adverse reaction of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine in Songjiang District， Shanghai / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo determine the reporting rate of adverse reaction of Haemophilus influenzae type b （Hib） containing vaccine in Songjiang District from 2016 to 2020， so as to provide evidence for the inclusion of Hib vaccine in children's immunization planning and safety monitoring. MethodsThe adverse reaction data of Hib vaccination were collected through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System and presented by descriptive methods. ResultsFrom 2016 to 2020， the reporting rate of adverse reaction of various Hib-containing vaccines in Songjiang District was determined to be 747.76/105 doses， among which the rates of general reaction and abnormal reaction were 734.31/105 doses and 13.45/105 doses， respectively. The reporting rate of general reaction was significantly higher than that of abnormal reaction （χ2=1 400.18，P<0.001）. Moreover， the reporting rate of adverse reaction did not differ significantly by sex or registered residence， whereas it differed significantly by age groups （χ2=366.07，P<0.001）. Children ≥12 months old had the highest reporting rate， which was caused by higher rate of general reaction （χ2=360.48，P<0.001） compared with other age groups； in contrast， there was no difference in the reporting rate of abnormal reactions across age groups. The reporting rate of adverse reaction differed significantly across four Hib-containing vaccines （χ2=508.51，P<0.001）， among which the reporting rate of pentavalent vaccine was the highest， followed by tetravalent vaccine， and Hib vaccine and meningococcal HI vaccine. This difference was mainly caused by general reaction （χ2=499.19，P<0.001）. The reporting rate of booster Hib-containing vaccines was significantly higher than that of basic immunization （χ2=462.85，P<0.001）. Furthermore， the reporting rate differed between DTaP-Hib vaccine and DTaP-IPV-Hib vaccine by injection sites（χ2=13.63，P=0.001；χ2=78.48， P<0.001）； the reporting rate on the thigh was lower than that on the hip or upper arm. Among the 1 501 reported adverse reactions， 97.21% of the general reactions and 85.19% of the abnormal reactions occurred within 72 hours following immunization. Principal clinical diagnosis was fever， redness and nodules （n=1 454）， accounting for 96.87% of the total reported adverse event following immunization（AEFI）， followed by allergic rash. ConclusionThe four types of Hib-containing vaccines have high safety. Health care practitioners at points of vaccination should improve the pre-examination， standardized operation and full notification in strict accordance with the requirements. It also warrants strengthening the AEFI monitoring， investigation and response， so as to effectively reduce the incidence and severity of adverse reactions.

A study on measles and rubella antibody level in 319 pairs of mothers and infants in Songjiang District of Shanghai / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To explore serum levels of measles and rubella IgG antibodies among mothers and infants.@*Methods@#According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected 319 puerperae and their infants in maternal hospitals of Songjiang district November 2016 to February 2017, venous blood were collected and serum measles and rubella IgG antibodies were measured using ELISA. To study the correlation between the level of measles and rubella antibodies in infants and mothers′ by using the Spearman′s correlation analysis.@*Results@#The age at delivery was (29.71±4.25) years old; and the gestational age at delivery was (39.06±1.30) weeks. The positive rate and protection rate of measles antibody in puerperae were 82.5% (243/319) and 43.3% (135/319), the GMC [M (QR)] was 655.74 (251.21-1 299.02) mIU/ml. The positive rate of rubella antibody in puerperae was 61.1% (195/319), the GMC [M (QR)] was 31.34 (11.65-73.61) IU/ml. The positive rate and protection rate of measles antibody in infants were 84.1% (270/321) and 46.1% (148/321), the GMC [M (QR)] was 665.07 (279.63-1 544.07) mIU/ml. The positive rate of rubella antibody in infants was 69.5% (223/321), the GMC [M (QR)] was 40.30 (16.12-98.48) IU/ml. There was statistical difference in measles (Z=-14.64, P<0.001) and rubella (Z=-8.66, P<0.001) antibody levels between mothers and infants. There was positive correlation in measles (r=0.76, P<0.001) and rubella (r=0.86, P<0.001) antibody level between mothers and infants.@*Conclusion@#The maternal antibody of measles and rubella had a concentration effect. The level of measles and rubella antibodies in the infants was higher than that in the mothers′ and increased with the increase of the level of measles and rubella antibodies in the mothers.

Mice lacking myotubularin-related protein 14 show accelerated high-fat diet-induced lipid accumulation and inflammation

The phosphoinositide phosphatase, myotubularin-related protein 14 (MTMR14), has been reported to play an important role in the regulation of muscle performance, autophagy, and aging in mice. We previously showed that MTMR14-knockout (KO) mice gain weight earlier than their wild-type (WT) littermates even on a normal chow diet (NCD), suggesting that this gene might also be involved in regulating metabolism. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of MTMR14 deficiency on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, lipid accumulation, metabolic disorders, and inflammation in WT and MTMR14-KO mice fed with NCD or HFD. To this end, MTMR14-KO mice fed with HFD showed significantly increased body weight, blood glucose levels, serum triglyceride (TG) levels, and total cholesterol (TC) levels as compared to their age-matched WT control. Additionally, lipid accumulation also increased in the KO mice. Simultaneously, the expression of metabolism-associated genes (Glut4, adiponectin, and leptin) was different in the liver, muscle, and fatty tissue of MTMR14-KO mice fed with HFD. More importantly, the expression of several inflammation-associated genes (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1) dramatically increased in the liver, muscle, and fatty tissue of MTMR14-KO mice relative to control. Taken together, these results suggest that MTMR14 deficiency accelerates HFD-induced metabolic dysfunction and inflammation. Furthermore, the results showed that exacerbated metabolic dysfunction and inflammation may be regulated via the PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling pathways (AU)

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Mice lacking myotubularin-related protein 14 show accelerated high-fat diet-induced lipid accumulation and inflammation.

The phosphoinositide phosphatase, myotubularin-related protein 14 (MTMR14), has been reported to play an important role in the regulation of muscle performance, autophagy, and aging in mice. We previously showed that MTMR14-knockout (KO) mice gain weight earlier than their wild-type (WT) littermates even on a normal chow diet (NCD), suggesting that this gene might also be involved in regulating metabolism. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of MTMR14 deficiency on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, lipid accumulation, metabolic disorders, and inflammation in WT and MTMR14-KO mice fed with NCD or HFD. To this end, MTMR14-KO mice fed with HFD showed significantly increased body weight, blood glucose levels, serum triglyceride (TG) levels, and total cholesterol (TC) levels as compared to their age-matched WT control. Additionally, lipid accumulation also increased in the KO mice. Simultaneously, the expression of metabolism-associated genes (Glut4, adiponectin, and leptin) was different in the liver, muscle, and fatty tissue of MTMR14-KO mice fed with HFD. More importantly, the expression of several inflammation-associated genes (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1ß, and MCP-1) dramatically increased in the liver, muscle, and fatty tissue of MTMR14-KO mice relative to control. Taken together, these results suggest that MTMR14 deficiency accelerates HFD-induced metabolic dysfunction and inflammation. Furthermore, the results showed that exacerbated metabolic dysfunction and inflammation may be regulated via the PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling pathways.

Relationship between the status of BRAF V600 and EGFR gene mutation and clinicopathological features in patients with non-small cell lung cancer / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To study the status of BRAF V600 and EGFR mutations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to examine the relations between them.Methods BRAF V600 and EGFR mutations were detected with DNA sequencing.The relationship between BRAF V600,EGFR mutations and the clinicopathological features were analyzed.Results BRAF V600 mutations were detected in 11 (7.5％) of the 146 specimens.BRAF V600 mutations were found morelfrequently in non-smokers (P =0.045).There were no significant differences in age,gender,histological subtype and differentiation between patients with and without BRAF V600 mutations (P ＞ 0.05).EGFR mutations were detected in 68 (46.6％) of the 146 specimens.EGFR mutations were found more frequently in women,non-smokers and adenocarcinoma (P ＜ 0.05).Four tumors with BRAF V600 mutations (three V600 and one V600D) showed concomitant EGFR mutations (two DEL and two L858R).Conclusion BRAF V600 mutations in patients with NSCLC are found more frequently in non-smokers.There are no significant differences in age,gender,histological subtype and differentiation between patients with and without BRAF mutations.

The clinical efficacy of fluoride faction shouted tons melitracen sheet for functional gastrointestinal disorders ;with abdominal pain symptoms / 中国基层医药

Objective To study and analyze the effect of fluoride faction shouted tons melitracen sheet (Deanxit)on abdominal pain symptoms of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs).Methods 82 patients with abdominal pain FGIDs were randomly divided into A group(n =40)and B group(n =42).A group was given conven-tional treatment,group B was given deanxit treatment on the basis of A group.The treatment efficacy and the total inci-dence of adverse reactions were analyzed.Results The total effective rate of group B (90.24%)was significantly higher than that in group A (65.85%),the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =4.538,P 0.05).Conclusion Deanxit in the treatment of FGIDs can achieve satisfactory therapeutic effect,the drug can significantly alleviate the symptoms,andit is safe and without serious side effects.

EGFR gene mutation status, ERCC1 and Ki-67 protein expression in non-small cell lung cancer and relationship with clinicopathologic features / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To study the status of EGFR mutations and the expression of excision repair cross-complementation group 1 ( ER-CC1) and Ki-67 protein in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to examine the relationship between their expression and clinicopathologic features. Methods EGFR mutations were analyzed with DNA sequencing, and the expression of ERCC1 and Ki-67 protein was examined by immunohistochemistry EnVision. The relationship of EGFR mutations with the expression of ERCC1and Ki-67 and the clinicopathological features were analyzed. Results EGFR mutations were detected in 143 (143/291, 49. 1%) of the 291 specimens. EGFR mutations were found more frequently in women, non-smokers and adenocarcinoma. The difference of EGFR muta-tion rate between the histological subtypes according to the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification of lung adenocarcinoma was significantly ( P=0. 008). The mean tumor diameter was smaller in patients with EGFR mutations than in those with wild-type EGFR (P=0. 020). EGFR mutations were not related to age, lymph node metastasis. However, EGFR mutations were not related to the expression of ER-CC1 and Ki-67 protein (P>0. 050). Conclusions EGFR mutation is closely linked to several clinicopathological factors, such as gender, differentiation, and histological subtype. There is heterogeneity of EGFR mutation in patients with NSCLC. EGFR mutations were not related to the expression of ERCC1 and Ki-67 protein.

Regulation of the Expression of NEF3 in RA Induced Differentiation of SH-SYSY Neuroblastoma Cells / 医学研究杂志

Objective To analyze the regulation of NEF3 expression in SH - SY5Y after RA induction. Methods The expression of NEF3 and Brg1 genes was individually detected by realtime RT - PCR and Western blot analyses. Then, the CAT reporter driven by 5' flanking region ofNEF3 gene (pBLCAT3 -2. 8k - NEF3) was co - transfccted with eukaryotic expression plasmids of pBJ5 - Brgl or pBJ5 - Brg1 - NTP into SH - SY5Y respectively. Promoter activity of the NEF3 gene was detected by competitive RT - PCR assay. Results Similar changes in the mRNA expression of NEF3 and Brg1 and that of the protein expression of Brgl were detected in Sh - SY5Y cells af-ter RA treatment for 12 -24h. Wild type Brgl can promote the expression of pBLCAT3 -2.8k -NEF3 promoter after RA induction, but not mutant Brg1. Conclusion Brgl helpes regulating the expression of NEF3 gene possibly via changes in chromatin conformation in the SH -SY5Y cells after RA induction.

Leptin receptor-deficient Zucker (fa/fa) rat retards the development of pig serum-induced liver fibrosis with Kupffer cell dysfunction.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of leptin in the development of liver fibrosis with Kupffer cell function using leptin receptor deficient rats. Male Zucker (fa/fa) and control (fa/-) rats received pig serum for 8 weeks. Animals were sacrificed to estimate the degree of liver fibrosis and stellate cell activation with the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (alphaSMA). Microarray analysis was performed. Isolated Kuppfer cells of Zucker and control rats were treated with LPS. LPS uptake and TNF-alpha production were examined. Stellate cells were also isolated from Zucker and control rats. The expression of procollagen type I mRNAs was examined. Control rats developed liver fibrosis 8 weeks after injection of pig serum and showed an increased liver hydroxyproline content of 348 +/- 34 microg/g (n = 10) compared with Zucker rats (225 +/- 13, n = 10, P < 0.01). The procollagen type I mRNA level and alphaSMA expression of Zucker rats were also significantly reduced. Microarray analysis indicated significantly reduced expression of TNF-alpha, LPS-binding protein, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), IGF, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3,5, and increased expression of apolipoprotein IV. Isolated Kupffer cells of Zucker rats showed significantly reduced LPS uptake as well as TNF-alpha production compared with control rats. However, no significant change was observed in procollagen type I mRNA levels of isolated stellate cells after 4 days of culture on plastic dishes. These results suggest that leptin receptor deficiency retards the development of liver fibrosis due to the dysfunction of Kuppfer cells.