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Objective:To explore the feasibility of fetal intelligent navigation echocardiography (FINE) in automatic quantitation of cardiac axis (CA).Methods:A total of 62 pregnant women of which 2 with twins′ pregnancy in the second and third trimesters from May to June 2020 in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University College of Medicine were enrolled in this non-selective and prospective study. After excluding those who could not be analyzed, they were assigned into four groups according to their CA measuring methods: ①Group with manual measuring CA in systole (CAS); ②Group with manual measuring CA in diastole(CAD); ③Group with CA measured by FINE in three-steps; ④Group with CA measured by FINE in seven-steps. The CAS among groups were compared in order to analyze the consistency and correlation of CAS achieved by different methods, meanwhile, the intra-observer and inter-observer consistency and repeatability were also evaluated.Results:A total of 64 fetuses with 187 volume data were collected, of which 60 cases of fetal data can be included in the study, 57 cases of normal CA, 3 cases of abnormal CA, a total of 158 volume data can be used for data analysis, the success rate was about 84.5%. Because of the small number of abnormal CA cases (3 cases), only 57 cases of normal CA were statistically analyzed in this study. Three-step and seven-step FINE automatic quantitative CA showed significantly different from those obtained with manual measurements of CAD ( P=0.005, P<0.001). There were no significant differences in quantitative analysis of CA between three-step or seven-step FINE and manual measurements of CAS ( P=0.458, 0.883), however, there was no correlation between CA using three-step FINE and manual measurement of CAS ( rs=0.056, P=0.679), but there was a positive correlation between CA using seven-step FINE and manual measurement of CAS ( rs=0.599, P<0.001). The linear regression equation was constructed as follows: Y=10.96+ 0.73 X ( R2=0.431, P<0.001). There was no correlation between three-step method and seven-step method for automatic quantitative CA ( rs=0.158, P=0.241). There was significant difference( P<0.001), but strong correlation between manual measurement of CAS and manual measurement of CAD ( rs=0.973, P<0.001), the average difference was ΔCA=(4.5± 3.8)°. The linear regression equation was constructed as follows: Y=-2.94+ 0.96 X ( R2=0.950, P<0.001). Intra-observer and inter-observer measurements had shown no significant difference in consistency and repeatability (all P>0.05). Conclusions:The measurement of fetal CA by seven-step FINE is superior to the three-step FINE when the fetal CA is in normal range. This may be considered a promising aspect that seven-step FINE automatic quantitation of fetal CA can replace the manual measurement of CAS. Future research is needed to deliminate the reliability of automatic quantification of fetal CA by seven-step FINE with the CA in abnormal range.
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Objective:To investigate the role of rapamycin target protein (mTOR) in lanthanum-induced injury of cerebral cortical neurons in offspring rats, and the effect on brain development, learning and memory ability of offspring rats.Methods:Thirty-two adult female and 32 male Wistar rats, were randomly divided into 4 groups according to their body weight, with 16 rats in each group (half female and half male). Female rats were fed with different amounts of lanthanum chloride[0.0 (control), 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 g/L], while male rats drank normal water. Female and male rats were mated in cages at a ratio of 1∶1. Female rats began to be exposed to lanthanum from pregnancy, while their offspring were exposed to lanthanum until 4 weeks after weaning. Morris water maze experiment was carried out in the 4 groups of offspring rats, and the effects of lanthanum on learning and memory were observed by space exploration. The cerebral cortex of offspring rats was taken, and the amount of Nissl body was observed under microscope after Nissl staining. The expression of mTOR mRNA in offspring rats cerebral cortex nerve cells was measured by real-time quantitative PCR. Western blotting was used to detect the protein content of p-mTOR in offspring rats cortical neurons.Results:Compared with the control group, the body weight of offspring rats exposed to lanthanum at 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 g/L was significantly decreased [(121.75 ± 11.20), (110.00 ± 11.59), (98.88 ± 7.95) and (85.63 ± 7.25) g, P < 0.05], and the brain tissue coefficient and cortical coefficient were significantly increased [(1.43 ± 0.10)%, (1.56 ± 0.18)%, (1.66 ± 0.14)%, (1.89 ± 0.16)%; (0.86 ± 0.08)%, (0.94 ± 0.08)%, (1.01 ± 0.07)%, (1.08 ± 0.09)%, P < 0.05]. The brain weight [(1.63 ± 0.05), (1.61 ± 0.03) g] of 5.0 and 10.0 g/L lanthanum-exposed groups were significantly lower than those in the control group and 2.5 g/L lanthanum-exposed group [(1.73 ± 0.06), (1.70 ± 0.06) g, P < 0.05]. Compared with the control group (53.25 ± 9.93), the amounts of Nissl body in cerebral cortical neurons in different lanthanum-exposed groups (36.13 ± 3.98, 27.50 ± 5.21, 13.63 ± 5.93) were significantly decreased ( P < 0.05). The results of space exploration experiment showed that compared with the control group [(5.75 ± 1.98) times, (10.69 ± 2.96) s, (3.75 ± 1.28) times], the times of entering the target quadrant [(3.63 ± 1.41) times] and the stay time in the target quadrant [(5.12 ± 2.09) s] in 10.0 g/L lanthanum-exposed group were significantly reduced ( P < 0.05), and the times of entering the platform [(1.88 ± 0.84), (1.13 ± 1.12) times] in 5.0 and 10.0 g/L lanthanum-exposed groups were significantly reduced ( P < 0.05). There were significant differences in mTOR mRNA (1.00 ± 0.28, 0.74 ± 0.19, 0.58 ± 0.13, 0.45 ± 0.29) and p-mTOR protein expression levels (0.69 ± 0.07, 0.33 ± 0.06, 0.30 ± 0.04, 0.17 ± 0.03) in cortical tissues ( F = 8.33, 139.12, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Lanthanum exposure can damage cortical neurons, affect the brain development of offspring rats, reduce the expression of mTOR mRNA and p-mTOR protein in the brain of offspring rats, reduce the ability of space exploration and observation, resulting in the decline of learning and memory ability of offspring rats.
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Objective To observe and explore the effects of transparent cap-fitted colonoscope combined with carbon dioxide injection on the cecal intubation time and detection of colonic polyps during enteroscopy. Methods 216 patients underwent colonoscopy from January 2014 to June 2016 were selected and randomly divided into A, B, C groups according to random number table, 72 cases in each. Group A with transparent cap-fitted colonoscopy, group B with CO2 injection before colonoscopy, and group C combined with the above two methods and then underwent colonoscopy, cecal intubation time and colonic polyp detection rate were compared among the three groups during the inspection. Results A, B, C groups with cecal intubation ratio showed no significant differences (95.8% vs 90.3% vs 98.6%) (χ2 = 5.34, P = 0.069); the sequence of mean cecal intubation time was group Cgroup A>group B (38.9% vs 34.7% vs 23.6%) (χ2 = 4.10, P = 0.129). The sequences of visual analogue scale score after 10 min [(4.35 ± 0.62) vs (4.88 ± 0.85) vs (5.57 ± 1.05)] and 30 min [(3.04 ± 0.37) vs (3.30 ± 0.56) vs (4.41 ± 0.84)] of coloscope withdraw were both group C
