Comparison between endoscopic submucosal dissection and gastrectomy in clinical benefit for metachronous early gastric cancer in the remnant stomach / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To compare the histopathological features and treatment efficacy of different methods for metachronous early gastric cancer (MEGC) in the remnant stomach.Methods:A total of 66 patients [38 endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and 28 gastrectomy] with MEGC in the remnant stomach from January 2014 to December 2020 in Drum Tower Hospital were divided into the ESD group and the gastrectomy group. The baseline characteristics, histopathological features, treatment efficacy, and cost differences of the two groups were analyzed.Results:The MEGC in the remnant stomach mostly occurred in elderly male patients, with the mean age of 69.7±8.5 years. The mean interval of the occurrence of MEGC in the remnant stomach was 6 years. As for the tumor location, the gastric body (31.6%) was the main location in the ESD group and gastric cardia (53.6%) in the gastrectomy group with significant difference ( χ2=11.07, P=0.026). The mean operation time, hospital stay, postoperative fasting time, and total treatment cost were 80.0 min, 6.0 d, 1.5 d, ￥19 436 in the ESD group and 215.0 min, 19.0 d, 6.5 d, and ￥68 665 in the gastrectomy group, respectively, with significant differences between the two groups ( P<0.05). The overall survival rate during follow-up was 76.3% in the ESD group and 71.4% in the gastrectomy group with no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=0.736, P=0.778). In terms of postoperative complications, the incidences of bleeding and infection were 7.9% and 5.3% in the ESD group, and those of obstruction and infection were both 14.3% in the gastrectomy group. There was significant difference in the incidences of postoperative obstruction between the two groups ( P<0.05). Conclusion:ESD is safe and effective for MEGC in the remnant stomach and is better than gastrectomy in terms of the treatment cost and operation time, but the long-term efficacy still needs to be validated by large-scale prospective studies.

Immunogenicity of the BA.5 Bivalent mRNA Vaccine Boosters

Waning immunity following mRNA vaccination and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has led to reduced mRNA vaccine efficacy against both symptomatic infection and severe disease. Bivalent mRNA boosters expressing the Omicron BA.5 and ancestral WA1/2020 Spike proteins have been developed and approved, because BA.5 is currently the dominant SARS-CoV-2 variant and substantially evades neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). Our data show that BA.5 NAb titers were comparable following monovalent and bivalent mRNA boosters.

Vaccine Protection Against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant in Macaques

BackgroundThe rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant, including in highly vaccinated populations, has raised important questions about the efficacy of current vaccines. Immune correlates of vaccine protection against Omicron are not known. Methods30 cynomolgus macaques were immunized with homologous and heterologous prime-boost regimens with the mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccine and the adenovirus vector-based Ad26.COV2.S vaccine. Following vaccination, animals were challenged with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant by the intranasal and intratracheal routes. ResultsOmicron neutralizing antibodies were observed following the boost immunization and were higher in animals that received BNT162b2, whereas Omicron CD8+ T cell responses were higher in animals that received Ad26.COV2.S. Following Omicron challenge, sham controls showed more prolonged virus in nasal swabs than in bronchoalveolar lavage. Vaccinated macaques demonstrated rapid control of virus in bronchoalveolar lavage, and most vaccinated animals also controlled virus in nasal swabs, showing that current vaccines provide substantial protection against Omicron in this model. However, vaccinated animals that had moderate levels of Omicron neutralizing antibodies but negligible Omicron CD8+ T cell responses failed to control virus in the upper respiratory tract. Virologic control correlated with both antibody and T cell responses. ConclusionsBNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S provided robust protection against high-dose challenge with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in macaques. Protection against this highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 variant correlated with both humoral and cellular immune responses.

Vaccines Elicit Highly Cross-Reactive Cellular Immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant

The highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant has been shown to evade a substantial fraction of neutralizing antibody responses elicited by current vaccines that encode the WA1/2020 Spike immunogen1, resulting in increased breakthrough infections and reduced vaccine efficacy. Cellular immune responses, particularly CD8+ T cell responses, are likely critical for protection against severe SARS-CoV-2 disease2-6. Here we show that cellular immunity induced by current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is highly cross-reactive against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. Individuals who received Ad26.COV2.S or BNT162b2 vaccines demonstrated durable CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses that showed extensive cross-reactivity against both the Delta and Omicron variants, including in central and effector memory cellular subpopulations. Median Omicron-specific CD8+ T cell responses were 82-84% of WA1/2020-specific CD8+ T cell responses. These data suggest that current vaccines may provide considerable protection against severe disease with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant despite the substantial reduction of neutralizing antibody responses.

Diagnostic Value of Serum LncRNAs for Bone Metastasis in Lung Cancer / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To investigate the expression of lncRNA HOTAIR, HOTAIR, CRNDE and AFAP1-AS1 in lung cancer patients with bone metastasis (LCWBM), and to elucidate the diagnostic value of lncRNAs for LCWBM. Methods Serum was collected from 38 LCWBM patients and 38 lung cancer without bone metastasis (LCWOBM) patients. Questionnaires were used to collect basic information of patients. Fasting peripheral venous blood of patients was collected to separate serum. qRT-PCR was used to measure the expression levels of four serum lncRNAs, and their diagnostic value for LCWBM was analyzed. Results The expression of serum HOTAIR was decreased in LCWBM patients, compared with LCWOBM patients (P < 0.05); the AUC of serum HOTAIR diagnosing LCWBM was 0.722 (sensitivity was 70.0%, specificity was 81.3%). And the level of serum HOTTIP was significantly increased in LCWBM patients, compared with LCWOBM patients (P < 0.05); AUC of serum HOTTIP diagnosing LCWBM was 0.784 (sensitivity was 100.0%, specificity was 45.5%). The AUC of serum HOTAIR combined with HOTTIP diagnosing LCWBM was 0.818 (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 87.5%, 72.7%, 70.0% and 88.9%, respectively). Conclusion Serum lncRNA HOTAIR and HOTTIP might be potential diagnostic biomarkers for bone metastases in lung cancer patients.

Ad26.COV2.S or BNT162b2 Boosting of BNT162b2 Vaccinated Individuals

The rapid spread of the highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has raised substantial concerns about the protective efficacy of currently available vaccines. We assessed Omicron-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in 65 individuals who were vaccinated with two immunizations of BNT162b2 and were boosted after at least 6 months with either Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson; N=41) or BNT162b2 (Pfizer; N=24) (Table S1). O_TBL View this table: org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@41c8baorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@e14f5forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@21ea87org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@ac4522org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1eed52b_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_TBL O_FLOATNOTable S1.C_FLOATNO O_TABLECAPTIONCharacteristics of the study population C_TABLECAPTION C_TBL

Immune Responses in Fully Vaccinated Individuals Following Breakthrough Infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant in Provincetown, Massachusetts

BackgroundA cluster of over a thousand infections with the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant was identified in a predominantly fully vaccinated population in Provincetown, Massachusetts in July 2021. Immune responses in breakthrough infections with the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant remain to be defined. MethodsHumoral and cellular immune responses were assessed in 35 vaccinated individuals who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 in the Massachusetts Department of Public Health outbreak investigation. ResultsVaccinated individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated substantially higher antibody responses than vaccinated individuals who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2, including 28-fold higher binding antibody titers and 34-fold higher neutralizing antibody titers against the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant. Vaccinated individuals who tested positive also showed 4.4-fold higher Spike-specific CD8+ T cell responses against the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant than vaccinated individuals who tested negative. ConclusionsFully vaccinated individuals developed robust anamnestic antibody and T cell responses following infection with the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant. These data suggest important immunologic benefits of vaccination in the context of breakthrough infections.

Protective Efficacy of Gastrointestinal SARS-CoV-2 Delivery Against Intranasal and Intratracheal SARS-CoV-2 Challenge in Rhesus Macaques

Live oral vaccines have been explored for their protective efficacy against respiratory viruses, particularly for adenovirus serotypes 4 and 7. The potential of a live oral vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), however, remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the immunogenicity of live SARS-CoV-2 delivered to the gastrointestinal tract in rhesus macaques and its protective efficacy against intranasal and intratracheal SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Post-pyloric administration of SARS-CoV-2 by esophagogastroduodenoscopy resulted in limited virus replication in the gastrointestinal tract and minimal to no induction of mucosal antibody titers in rectal swabs, nasal swabs, and bronchoalveolar lavage. Low levels of serum neutralizing antibodies were induced and correlated with modestly diminished viral loads in nasal swabs and bronchoalveolar lavage following intranasal and intratracheal SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Overall, our data show that post-pyloric inoculation of live SARS-CoV-2 is weakly immunogenic and confers partial protection against respiratory SARS-CoV-2 challenge in rhesus macaques. ImportanceSARS-CoV-2 remains a global threat, despite the rapid deployment but limited coverage of multiple vaccines. Alternative vaccine strategies that have favorable manufacturing timelines, greater ease of distribution and improved coverage may offer significant public health benefits, especially in resource-limited settings. Live oral vaccines have the potential to address some of these limitations; however no studies have yet been conducted to assess the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a live oral vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Here we report that oral administration of live SARS-CoV-2 in non-human primates may offer prophylactic benefits, but that formulation and route of administration will require further optimization.

Optimization of Non-Coding Regions Improves Protective Efficacy of an mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Nonhuman Primates

The CVnCoV (CureVac) mRNA vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 has recently been evaluated in a phase 2b/3 efficacy trial in humans. CV2CoV is a second-generation mRNA vaccine with optimized non-coding regions and enhanced antigen expression. Here we report a head-to-head study of the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of CVnCoV and CV2CoV in nonhuman primates. We immunized 18 cynomolgus macaques with two doses of 12 ug of lipid nanoparticle formulated CVnCoV, CV2CoV, or sham (N=6/group). CV2CoV induced substantially higher binding and neutralizing antibodies, memory B cell responses, and T cell responses as compared with CVnCoV. CV2CoV also induced more potent neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants, including B.1.351 (beta), B.1.617.2 (delta), and C.37 (lambda). While CVnCoV provided partial protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge, CV2CoV afforded robust protection with markedly lower viral loads in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Antibody responses correlated with protective efficacy. These data demonstrate that optimization of non-coding regions can greatly improve the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in nonhuman primates.

Durable Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses Following Ad26.COV2.S Vaccination for COVID-19

Interim immunogenicity and efficacy data for the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine for COVID-19 have recently been reported1-3. We describe here the 8-month durability of humoral and cellular immune responses in 20 individuals who received one or two doses of 5x1010 vp or 1011 vp Ad26.COV2.S and in 5 participants who received placebo2. We evaluated antibody and T cell responses on day 239, which was 8 months after the single-shot vaccine regimen (N=10) or 6 months after the two-shot vaccine regimen (N=10), although the present study was not powered to compare these regimens3. We also report neutralizing antibody responses against the parental SARS-CoV-2 WA1/2020 strain as well as against the SARS-CoV-2 variants D614G, B.1.1.7 (alpha), B.1.617.1 (kappa), B.1.617.2 (delta), P.1 (gamma), B.1.429 (epsilon), and B.1.351 (beta).

Protective efficacy of rhesus adenovirus COVID-19 vaccines against mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2

The global COVID-19 pandemic has sparked intense interest in the rapid development of vaccines as well as animal models to evaluate vaccine candidates and to define immune correlates of protection. We recently reported a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 virus strain (MA10) with the potential to infect wild-type laboratory mice, driving high levels of viral replication in respiratory tract tissues as well as severe clinical and respiratory symptoms, aspects of COVID-19 disease in humans that are important to capture in model systems. We evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of novel rhesus adenovirus serotype 52 (RhAd52) vaccines against MA10 challenge in mice. Baseline seroprevalence is lower for rhesus adenovirus vectors than for human or chimpanzee adenovirus vectors, making these vectors attractive candidates for vaccine development. We observed that RhAd52 vaccines elicited robust binding and neutralizing antibody titers, which inversely correlated with viral replication after challenge. These data support the development of RhAd52 vaccines and the use of the MA10 challenge virus to screen novel vaccine candidates and to study the immunologic mechanisms that underscore protection from SARS-CoV-2 challenge in wild-type mice. ImportanceWe have developed a series of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines using rhesus adenovirus serotype 52 (RhAd52) vectors, which exhibits a lower seroprevalence than human and chimpanzee vectors, supporting their development as novel vaccine vectors or as an alternative Ad vector for boosting. We sought to test these vaccines using a recently reported mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 (MA10) virus to i) evaluate the protective efficacy of RhAd52 vaccines and ii) further characterize this mouse-adapted challenge model and probe immune correlates of protection. We demonstrate RhAd52 vaccines elicit robust SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses and protect against clinical disease and viral replication in the lungs. Further, binding and neutralizing antibody titers correlated with protective efficacy. These data validate the MA10 mouse model as a useful tool to screen and study novel vaccine candidates, as well as the development of RhAd52 vaccines for COVID-19.

Low-Dose Ad26.COV2.S Protection Against SARS-CoV-2 Challenge in Rhesus Macaques

We previously reported that a single immunization with an adenovirus serotype 26 (Ad26) vector-based vaccine expressing an optimized SARS-CoV-2 spike (Ad26.COV2.S) protected rhesus macaques against SARS-CoV-2 challenge. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of reduced doses of Ad26.COV2.S. 30 rhesus macaques were immunized once with 1x1011, 5x1010, 1.125x1010, or 2x109 vp Ad26.COV2.S or sham and were challenged with SARS-CoV-2 by the intranasal and intratracheal routes. Vaccine doses as low as 2x109 vp provided robust protection in bronchoalveolar lavage, whereas doses of 1.125x1010 vp were required for protection in nasal swabs. Activated memory B cells as well as binding and neutralizing antibody titers following vaccination correlated with protective efficacy. At suboptimal vaccine doses, viral breakthrough was observed but did not show evidence of virologic, immunologic, histopathologic, or clinical enhancement of disease compared with sham controls. These data demonstrate that a single immunization with a relatively low dose of Ad26.COV2.S effectively protected against SARS-CoV-2 challenge in rhesus macaques. Moreover, our findings show that a higher vaccine dose may be required for protection in the upper respiratory tract compared with the lower respiratory tract.

A Novel Cell Therapy for COVID-19 and Potential Future Pandemics: Virus Induced Lymphocytes (VIL)

The a priori T cell repertoire and immune response against SARS-CoV-2 viral antigens may explain the varying clinical course and prognosis of patients having a mild COVID-19 infection as opposed to those developing more fulminant multisystem organ failure and associated mortality. Using a novel SARS-Cov-2-specific artificial antigen presenting cell (aAPC), coupled with a rapid expansion protocol (REP) as practiced in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) therapy, we generate an immune catalytic quantity of Virus Induced Lymphocytes (VIL). Using T cell receptor (TCR)-specific aAPCs carrying co-stimulatory molecules and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-I immunodominant SARS-CoV-2 peptide-pentamer complexes, we expand virus-specific VIL derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of convalescent COVID-19 patients up to 1,000-fold. This is achieved in a clinically relevant 7-day vein-to-vein time-course as a potential adoptive cell therapy (ACT) for COVID-19. We also evaluate this approach for other viral pathogens using Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific VIL from donors as a control. Rapidly expanded VIL are enriched in virus antigen-specificity and show an activated, polyfunctional cytokine profile and T effector memory phenotype which may contribute to a robust immune response. Virus-specific T cells can also be delivered allogeneically via MHC-typing and patient human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matching to provide pragmatic treatment in a large-scale therapeutic setting. These data suggest that VIL may represent a novel therapeutic option that warrants further clinical investigation in the armamentarium against COVID-19 and other possible future pandemics.

Nontarget area and threshold selection in 99mTc-DTPA orbital SPECT/CT imaging inthyroid associated ophthalmopathy / 中南大学学报(医学版)

To compare diagnostic value of 4 kinds of target-to-nontarget ratio (T/NT), and to choose a better one to assess thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) activity.
 Methods: The clinical data were collected for 29 newly-diagnosed patients (58 eyes) with TAO who underwent orbital 99mTc-DTPA single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) fusion images according to the clinical activity score (CAS). They were divided into an active group (18 cases, 36 eyes), an inactive group (11 cases, 22 eyes), and a control group (9 cases, 18 eyes). Diagnostic value of orbital/occipital lobe radioactive uptake count ratio (T/NT1), orbital/occipital radioactive uptake count ratio (T/NT2), orbital/thalamus radioactive uptake count ratio (T/NT3), and orbital/cerebellar radioactivity uptake count ratio (T/NT4) were calculated, and the CAS of Spearman rank correlation and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were analyzed.
 Results: T/NT1, T/NT2 and CAS were correlated (r1=0.873, r2=0.527; P0.05). Area under the ROC curve of T/NT1 was 0.860, area under the ROC curve of T/NT2 was 0.581, and the accuracy for T/NT1 on TAO activity was good. T/NT1=9.74 could be used as active threshold for judge of TAO in patients.
 Conclusion: There is a good correlation between T/NT1 and CAS. TAO activity assessment possesses high diagnostic value, and SPECT/CT together with imaging anatomical location is more accurate.

Clinical study ofShaoyao-Gancao decoction combined withSiwu decoction for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy / 国际中医中药杂志

ObjectiveTo explore clinical effect and safety ofShaoyao-Gancao decoction combined withSiwu decoction for the patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).MethodsA total of 76 patients with DPN in our hospital from 2013 July to October 2015 were divided into control group and observation group by the random number method, 38 patients in each group. The control group were treated with conventional treatment combined with oryzanol injection, and the observation group were treated with Shaoyao-Gancaodecoction combined withSiwu decoction on the basis of control group. Both groups were treated for one month. The level of FPG, 2 hPG, HbAlc, TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C was detected respectively before and after treatment. The whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity was detected with LBY-N6A self-cleaning rotary viscosimeter. The red blood cells deposited and platelet aggregation rate were tested with Winchester points vascular method and turbidimetric method, respectively.The leg nerve and sural nerve of nerve conduction velocity (nerve conduction velocity, NCV) were determined with electromyography, at the same time the clinical curative effect was evaluted.ResultsTotal effect rate of observation group was 89.5% (34/38), which was significantly higher than the control group 71.1% (27/38), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.070,P=0.044); After treatment, the levels of FPG (6.12 ± 0.38 mmol/Lvs.6.58 ± 0.52 mmol/L, t=4.403), 2 hPG (7.83 ± 0.82 mmol/Lvs. 8.41 ± 0.93 mmol/L,t=2.884), HbAlc (6.27 ± 0.52%vs. 6.82 ± 0.64%, t=4.112) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of TC (4.73 ± 0.83 mmol/L vs. 5.11 ± 0.64 mmol/L,t=52.235), TG (1.83 ± 0.35 mmol/Lvs. 2.03 ± 0.41 mmol/L, t=2.287) and LDL-C (2.91 ± 0.54 mmol/Lvs. 3.25 ± 0.58 mmol/L,t=2.645) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), and the HDL-C (1.47 ± 0.33 mmol/Lvs. 1.26 ± 0.31 mmol/L,t=-2.859) in the observation group was higher than than that in the control group(P<0.05). The level of whole blood specific viscosity (10.16 ± 2.12 mPa?svs. 11.33 ± 2.51 mPa?s,t=2.195), plasma viscosity (1.24 ± 0.25 mPa?svs. 1.62 ± 0.37 mPa?s,t=5.246), red blood cell volume (0.31 ± 0.16L/Lvs. 0.42 ± 0.08 L/L,t=3.791) and platelet aggregation rate (50.21% ± 8.03%vs. 54.16% ± 7.82%,t=2.172) in the observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05). The tibial nerve velocity (45.22 ± 3.20 m/svs. 38.26 ± 5.19 m/s,t=-7.037) and the common nerve velocity (43.22 ± 6.34 m/svs. 36.23 ± 4.81,t=-5.415) in the observation group were as significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05).ConclusionsThe Shaoyao-Gancaodecoction combined withSiwu decoction could improve the state of blood sugar, blood lipid and blood rheology of patients with DPN, and improve nerve transfer speed of leg nerve and sural nerve, the curative effect is better than conventional western medicine therapy alone.

Simultaneous Determination of 4 Flavonoids from Poacynum hendersonii Leaf Extract in Rat Plasma Sam-ple with Intragastric Administration by Microemulsion Liquid Chromatography / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for the simultaneous determination of 4 flavonoids in rat plasma sample, such as quercetin-3-O-sophoroside,isoquercitrin,hyperin,rutin. METHODS:8 SD rats were selected and given Poacynum hender-sonii leaf extract suspension intragastrically 0.1 g/kg(calculated by extract). The blood sample 1 mL was collected from orbit 1 h after medication. The contents of 4 flavonoids were determined by microemulsion liquid chromatography(MELC)after centrifuga-tion. The separation was performed on Zorbax SB-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of microemulsion [polyoxyethylene lau-ryl ether-n-butanol-ethyl acetate-triethylamine-water (volume ratio was 2.5:3.0:1.7:0.3:92.5,pH=5.0)] at the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 30 ℃,and detection wavelength was 360 nm. Sample size was 10 μL,and internal standard was bergenin. It was compared with HPLC method using organic solvent as mobile phase(mobile phase consisted of 0.2%phosphoric acid solution-acetonitrile,gradient elution,other condition same as MELC method). RESULTS:In rats plasma,the lin-ear range of quercetin-3-O-sophoroside,isoquercitrin,hyperin,rutin were 10-1000 ng/mL(r≥0.9980). The limits of quantitation was 10 ng/mL(S/N=10). RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all below 7.5%(n=5). Average sample recov-eries were between 97.4%-98.5% and RSDs were less than 5.3%(n=5). Extraction recoveries were between 88.7%-100.3%(RSD≤6.14%,n=5). The methodological evaluation results of MELC and HPLC method were all in line with the regulations of pharmacopeia,and the results of blood concentration betweenthem were similar. Compared with HPLC method, MELCmethod could shorten detection time(10 min vs. 40 min)andreduce the amount of organic solvent (0.38 mL vs. 28 mL).CONCLUSIONS:Established MELC method is rapid,simpleand green,and can be used for 4 flavonoids from P. henderso-nii leaf in rat plasma sample.

Hollow fiber based liquidp hase microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for study of the pharmacokineticsof berberine in rat plasma / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective A new hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography was developed to determine the concentration of berberine in rat plasma. Methods Parameters that affect the hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction processes were investigated and optimized. The optimized conditions were pH of donor and acceptor phases 12 and 2.0, respectively; extraction time 20 min; stirring speed 800 rpm; and addition of 10 % (w/v) salt. Under the optimized conditions, the preconcentration factor for berberine was 347. Moreover, a rapid and sensitive method was developed to determine berberine in rat plasma by HPLC. Results The calibration curve for berberine was linear in the range of 10-1000 ng/ml (r2≥0.9992). The limit of quantitation for the analyte was 10 ng/ml (S/N=10). The limit of detection for the analyte was 3.3 ng/ml (S/N=3). The intra-day and inter-day precision, and stability (RSD) were less than 6.3%. The average recovery was 96.7% ± 3.82%, and RSD was 4.82%. Conclusions The method is efficient, green, accurate and repeatable. It can be applied in determination of berberine in rat plasma.

Study on the diagnostic value of the ratio of ADA and CysC in the Pleural effusion and serum for Tuberculous pleural effusion / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical value of the ratio of ADA and CysC in the Pleural effusion and serum for the di-agnosis of Tuberculous pleural effusion .Methods In the first half of 2014 ,50 cases from a random sample of patients with tubercu-lous pleurisy admitted in our hospital were chosen as tuberculosis group ,20 cases of patiente with lung cancer pleural effusion as malignant group and 30 cases of patiente with hepatic hydrothorax as control group .The concentrations of CysC and ADA in the pleural effusion and serum were detected ,and the ratios of these two indexes in the pleural effusion and serum were calculated .Re-sults (1)The results in three groups including PADA and SADA ,SCysC and PCysC ,PCysC/SCysC and PADA/SADA were com-pared ,and the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .05) .(2) According to the ROC curve ,the critical value of PADA/SA-DA and PCysC/SCysC were set as 1 .58 and 2 .30 ,respectively ,and area under the curve of PADA/SADA and PCysC/SCysC were 0 .880 and 0 .786 respectively .Conclusion The diagnostic value of PADA/SADA and PCysC/SCys for tuberculous pleural effusion is higher than that of PADA ,SADA ,PCysC or SCysC alone ,which can be used for the differential diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion index for clinical application .

Risk factors analysis of prognosis of microalbuminuria IgA nephropathy patients with decreased ;serum C3 level / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological data and prognosis of microalbuminuria IgA nephrology patients with decreased serum C3 level, and investigate the significance of decreased serum C3 level in microalbuminuria IgA nephrology patients. Methods Clinical and pathological data of microalbuminuria IgA nephrology patients confirmed by renal biopsy and followed up more than 6 months were reviewed. The patients were divided into decreased serum C3 level group (34 cases, 25.19%) and normal serum C3 level group (101 cases, 74.81%) according to the serum C3 level. Twenty-four hours urine protein quantitative > 1 g, or normal serum creatinine level turning into abnormal level at renal biopsy, or doubling of serum creatinine level was defined as the end point of follow-up. Renal survival was calculated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and risk factors of progression were analyzed by Cox regression models. Results Total of 135 microalbuminuria IgA nephrology patients were followed up successfully, with an average follow-up time (53.4 ± 21.9) months. There were 27 cases (79.41%) and 32 cases (31.68%) in the decreased serum C3 level group and the normal serum C3 level group respectively at the endpoint. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the median survival time was significantly shorter in decreased serum C3 level group compared with that in normal C3 level group: (46.7 ± 9.1) months vs. (68.4 ± 9.9) months, P =0.014. Cox regression analysis showed that abnormal serum creatinine (RR = 1.147, 95% CI: 1.129-1.395, P = 0.008), decreased serum C3 level (RR=1.028, 95%CI:0.672-1.495, P=0.039), urine protein quantitative>1 g/24 h (RR=2.066, 95%CI:1.242-3.838, P=0.006) and renal biopsy pathological indicators Lee classⅢ-Ⅴ(RR=2.820, 95%CI:1.249-5.638, P=0.041), glomerular sclerosis or adhesions (RR=1.232, 95%CI: 1.065-1.520, P = 0.040), renal interstitial atrophy or interstitial fibrosis (RR = 2.604, 95% CI:1.748- 4.104, P = 0.037), endocapillary cell proliferation (RR = 0.872, 95% CI: 0.491- 1.275, P =0.042), crescentic (RR = 1.528, 95% CI: 1.073- 2.385, P = 0.009) affected prognosis of microalbuminuria IgA nephropathy as the independent risk factors. Conclusions The clinical and pathological features in patients of microalbuminuria IgA nephropathy with decreased serum C3 level is more severe, and the prognosis is poor. The patients should be followed up closely and early intervention treatment and early active control of microalbuminuria should be done at the same time.

The experimental study on repair of noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs by bone marrow NTCSCs transplantation / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the repairing effects of bone marrow transplantation with nerve tissue committed stem cell (NTCSCs) on experimental rats with injury of noise-induced hearing loss.@*METHOD@#Guinea pigs were randomly divided into control group, noise exposure group and the transplanting group. A week after white noise exposure of 110 dB, NTCSCs and PBS were injected into guinea pigs of the noise exposure group and the transplanting group respectively. One week after noise exposure to four weeks continuous administration. ABR thresholds were measured respectively prior to the experiment, 1 week post-noise,1, 2 and 4 weeks post-drugs, The changes of cochlea hair cells were also observed by a scan electron microscope (SEM).@*RESULT@#The ABR threshold shifts in the transplanting group were significantly fewer than that in the noise exposure group. SEM showed that hear hair of the inner and outer hair cells in noise exposure group displayed mess, fusion and imperfections. In the transplanting treatment group, the hair cells displayed slight pathological changes, there wasn't significant differents comparied with normal group. The number of OHCs were relatively stable in the normal group, while the obvious OHC loss was observed in other groups. There was significant difference among the three groups, however, the OHC loss in the transplanting group was no significantly different to that in the noise exposure (P > 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The bone marrow NTCSCs which had been transplanted to rat cochlea could reduce the damage of the noise on the hair cell, and thus played a role in repairing the damage of auditory nerve.