Evaluation of the Use of Cold Plasma for Microtiter Plate Cleaning to Reduce Plastic Biohazard Waste.

Plastic pollution is the accumulation of plastic objects in the Earth's environment and is a global problem of increasing importance. The laboratory and health care industries contribute to this problem by the widely accepted single use of plastics, including microtiter plates used for compound testing. At AstraZeneca, we predict the use of more than 45,000 384-well and more than 11,000 1536-well microtiter plates per year. IonField Systems has developed a microplate cleaning system (MCS) powered by PlasmaKnife technology that uses cold plasma to clean microtiter plates. AstraZeneca proposed the use of this system for standard ANSI (https://slas.org/resources/information/industry-standards/) microtiter plate regeneration. Here we present the results of an evaluation using a model system involving the cleaning of plates following an enzyme-based biochemical assay, as well as the software and hardware enhancements that were incorporated into the production PlasmaKnife MCS. The method involved determining the level of inhibition achieved by residual compound following different cleaning protocols and showed that cleaning achieved in about 2 min was sufficient to remove trace compound contamination. Future work will focus on assessing the number of regeneration cycles that can be reliably achieved.

On the magnetic field stability of cryogen-free magnets for magnetic resonance applications.

The temporal magnetic field variation associated with Cold Head operation in cryogen-free magnets was studied. Three different mechanisms for such variations were tested separately and rated by their importance. It was found that mechanical displacement of the magnet inside the cryostat is the main issue of magnetic field perturbation. In a cryostat with the Gifford- McMahon type of cryocooler, motion of the displacer with magnetic material inside also produces significant field modulation. The temperature variation of the magnet, although noticeable, leads to smaller field distortions compared to the previous two factors. It was shown that the temporal magnetic field variation could be reduced down to below 20 â€‹ppb level that could be acceptable for MRI and MAS NMR applications. It was also shown that a single cryogen-free magnet could be easily used at different fields on a day-to-day basis without compromising the field stability unlike magnets housed in a liquid helium reservoir.

Solid state NMR service across the world.

In 2013 the EPSRC published a report on the NMR equipment base serving the physical and life sciences community in the UK. Whilst this included both solution and solid state NMR, the report omitted equipment from industry or outside of the UK. This report originated as a means of benchmarking industrial solid state NMR facilities around the world. A survey of 24 SSNMR laboratories was conducted in the first half of 2019, primarily by face-to-face interviews or via telephone. Aggregated statistics relating to service throughput, equipment, and staff are presented, along with discussions about barriers to accessing SSNMR. We found that the hardware profile seen in the earlier UK-only report was representative of the worldwide view, and that the main barrier to access was a lack of knowledge about what SSNMR can do. Publishing this survey provides a strong benchmark for SSNMR laboratories, which will hopefully allow them to identify barriers that might be preventing them from performing to their optimal level in solving materials science problems.

Community based barriers to the wider acceptance of Solid State NMR.

During August 2015, the author surveyed 76 solid state NMR scientists from materials science to biology, academic to industrial, based in North America, Europe, India, China, Japan and Australia. The subject concerned barriers to the wider acceptance of solid state NMR and included the various barriers based on experimental, funding, vendor based and community aspects. This survey was confidential. However, many of the survey participants requested that at least the results of the part of the survey relevant to our community be made public. This was agreed by the commissioner of the survey and these findings were presented at the 'Developments and Applications of Solid State NMR', Varna, Bulgaria during May 2016. Following the resultant discussion, members of the conference requested that the author publish these findings. These findings are a collection of the opinions of the survey participants and include additional anecdotes from the author, with the intention of stimulating a community debate to ensure that a subject we all have close to our hearts; solid state NMR continues to thrive moving forwards.