RESUMO
High sugar-sweetened beverage intake has been related to kidney disease and metabolic alterations in humans. We determine the impact of high sucrose intake from pregnancy until early postnatal days, and during postweaning on kidneys from adult male offspring rats. Wistar female rats were mated and assigned into two groups: one control drinking tap water (CM) and another drinking 5% sucrose diluted in water (SM). At weaning, two offspring per mother were randomly allocated into two experimental groups, one of them had free access to simple water (CO) and the other to 5% sucrose (SO) for 14 weeks. After treatment, levels of relative aquaporin-2 (AQP2), glomerulosclerosis index (GI), collecting tube area, perirenal fat, creatinine and blood ureic nitrogen concentration (BUN) were determined. Two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test was used considering P ≤ 0.05 as a significant statistical difference. Sucrose consumption during gestation/lactation and interaction showed an increased AQP2 expression in renal cortex and BUN concentration, while gestation/lactation consumption increased collecting tube area, postweaning consumption increased perirenal fat, and finally, gestation/lactation, postweaning and the interaction causes glomerulosclerosis. Our results suggest that the consumption of sucrose water during gestation/lactation or postweaning or combination triggers pathological changes in the kidney of adult rats.
RESUMO
Sugar intake has been associated with the development of male reproductive pathologies because of the increase and dysfunction in different adipose tissue depots. The establishment of these dysfunctions in the early stages of development is unknown. We evaluated the effect of maternal (pregnancy and lactation) and male offspring (from weaning to adulthood) consumption of 5% sucrose on perigonadal adipose tissue (PAT) and testis in adulthood. Moreover, two rat groups were compared, both including pregnant and lactating females: Control (C-drinking tap water) and sugar (S-consuming 5% sucrose solution). From weaning to adulthood with male offspring, four subgroups were formed: Control Mother â Control and Sugar offspring (CC, CS) and Sugar Mother â Control and Sugar offspring (SC, SS). At 120 postnatal days, the testes and PAT were collected and morphologically described. Furthermore, we quantified the number and cross-sectional area of perigonadal adipocytes and their distribution. We found that the males from SC and SS groups showed high PAT weight (p < 0.005), a high number (p < 0.05), and a relative frequency of large adipocytes (p < 0.05), establishing these results during gestational and lactation stages, and enhancing in adulthood since postnatal diet and its interaction. More macrophages, mast cells, and Leydig cells were observed in the interstitial space of the testis for the CS, SC, and SS groups, concluding that consumption of a high-carbohydrate maternal diet, program hypertrophy processes in adult PAT, developing and enhancing with sugar consumption during postnatal life. Furthermore, they are associated with inflammatory processes within the interstitial space of the testis.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: To characterize the relationship between serum estradiol levels and the expression of glucose transporter type 4 (Glut4) in the pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus muscles in female rats. METHODS: The muscles were excised from virgin rats during the metestrus and proestrus stages of the estrous cycle, and from sham and ovariectomized rats implanted with empty or estradiol benzoate–filled capsules. The expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) was inspected in the muscles at metestrus and proestrus. Relative Glut4 expression, glycogen content, and serum glucose levels were measured. Appropriate statistical tests were done to identify significant differences (P≤0.05). RESULTS: The pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus muscles expressed ERα and ERβ. Glut4 expression and glycogen content in the pubococcygeus muscle were higher at proestrus than at metestrus. No significant changes were observed in the iliococcygeus muscle. In ovariectomized rats, the administration of estradiol benzoate increased Glut4 expression and glycogen content in the pubococcygeus muscle alone. CONCLUSIONS: High serum estradiol levels increased Glut4 expression and glycogen content in the pubococcygeus muscle, but not in the iliococcygeus muscle.
