RESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of early time-restricted eating (eTRE) on metabolic markers and body composition in individuals with overweight or obesity. Seventeen subjects completed a randomized, crossover, and controlled clinical trial. Twelve women and five men participated, with a mean age of 25.8 ± 10.0 years and a BMI of 32.0 ± 6.3 kg/m2. The eTRE intervention included 16 h of fasting (3:00 pm to 7:00 am) and 8 h of ad libitum eating (7:00 am to 03:00 pm) (16:8). The trial included four weeks of interventions followed by a four-week washout period. Body weight, waist and hip circumferences, and body composition measurements were taken. Additionally, a venous blood sample was collected for biochemical determinations. In a before-after analysis, eTRE induced a reduction in BW and BMI in women but this was not significant when compared to the control group. eTRE did not modify any other anthropometric measurements, fasting biochemical parameters, glycemic and insulinemic responses, blood pressure, or subjective appetite. In conclusion, eTRE did not induce beneficial effects on the glycemic and lipid metabolisms, body composition, subjective appetite, or blood pressure. These findings may be attributed to the special characteristics of the population and the short intervention period.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores , Composição Corporal , Estudos Cross-Over , Jejum , Obesidade , Sobrepeso , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Obesidade/sangue , Sobrepeso/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Adulto Jovem , Índice de Massa Corporal , Glicemia/metabolismo , Adolescente , Pressão Sanguínea , Apetite , Fatores de Tempo , Insulina/sangueRESUMO
Objective: Individuals with schizophrenia and substance use disorders have a poor prognosis and increased psychiatric symptoms. The present study aimed to explore the association of 106 genes in individuals with schizophrenia and comorbid substance use through a next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis and different in silico algorithms. Methods: We included 105 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and a family history of schizophrenia, of whom 49 (46.67%) presented comorbid substance use. Using NGS, we sequenced 106 genes previously associated with schizophrenia. Logistic regression models were used to assess differences in allele frequencies, and a generalized gene-set analysis was performed at the gene level. Functional annotations were performed using different algorithms and databases. Results: We identified a total of 3,109 variants, of which 25 were associated with schizophrenia and comorbid substance use and were located in regulatory and coding regions. We found low-frequency variants in COMT p.Ala72Ser, independently of p.Val158Met, that were associated with substance use. The endocannabinoid functional variant FAAH p.Pro129Thr was also associated with substance use. Conclusions: Genetic variants of genes related to dopaminergic and cannabinoid neurotransmitter systems were associated with comorbid substance use in schizophrenia. Nevertheless, more studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm our findings.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Individuals with schizophrenia and substance use disorders have a poor prognosis and increased psychiatric symptoms. The present study aimed to explore the association of 106 genes in individuals with schizophrenia and comorbid substance use through a next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis and different in silico algorithms. METHODS: We included 105 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and a family history of schizophrenia, of whom 49 (46.67%) presented comorbid substance use. Using NGS, we sequenced 106 genes previously associated with schizophrenia. Logistic regression models were used to assess differences in allele frequencies, and a generalized gene-set analysis was performed at the gene level. Functional annotations were performed using different algorithms and databases. RESULTS: We identified a total of 3,109 variants, of which 25 were associated with schizophrenia and comorbid substance use and were located in regulatory and coding regions. We found low-frequency variants in COMT p.Ala72Ser, independently of p.Val158Met, that were associated with substance use. The endocannabinoid functional variant FAAH p.Pro129Thr was also associated with substance use. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic variants of genes related to dopaminergic and cannabinoid neurotransmitter systems were associated with comorbid substance use in schizophrenia. Nevertheless, more studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm our findings.
Assuntos
Amidoidrolases , Catecol O-Metiltransferase , Esquizofrenia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Amidoidrolases/genética , Catecol O-Metiltransferase/genética , Frequência do Gene/genética , Genótipo , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Humanos , Esquizofrenia/epidemiologia , Esquizofrenia/genética , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/genética , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologiaRESUMO
Bifidobacterial proteins have been widely studied to elucidate the metabolic mechanisms of diet adaptation and survival of Bifidobacteria, among others. The use of heterologous expression systems to obtain proteins in sufficient quantities to be characterized has been essential in these studies. L. lactis and the same Bifidobacterium as expression systems highlight ways to corroborate some of the functions attributed to these proteins. The most studied proteins are enzymes related to carbohydrate metabolism, particularly glycosidases, due to their potential application in the synthesis of neoglycoconjugates, prebiotic neooligosaccharides, and active metabolites as well as their high specificity and efficiency in processing glycoconjugates. In this review, we classified the recombinant bifidobacterial proteins reported to date whose characterization has demonstrated their usefulness or their ability to produce a product of commercial interest for the food industry, biomedicine, process innovation and glycobiology. Future directions for their study are also discussed. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-021-00957-1.
RESUMO
Statins are the cornerstone of therapy for individuals with hyperlipidemia. The aim of this study was to analyze the undesirable effects of mild, moderate and high doses of rosuvastatin in CD-1 male mice who received a cholesterol-rich diet, focusing on the morphological and functional changes on hepatocyte mitochondria. In a mouse model we studied the combined administration of a cholesterol-rich diet along with mild and moderate doses of rosuvastatin (1, 2.5 or 5 mg/kg/day) during several days. After the animals were sacrificed, liver mitochondria were isolated for microscopic studies and to analyze the respiratory function. The respiratory control (state-3/state-4) was evaluated in mice who received high doses of rosuvastatin. Rosuvastatin doses higher than 20 mg/kg/day induced premature death in mice with a hypercholesterolemic diet, but not in mice with a cholesterol-free diet. Doses from 2.5 to 5 mg/kg/day also induced morphological and functional alterations in mitochondria but these hypercholesterolemic animals survived longer. Giving 1 mg/kg/day, which is close to the maximal therapeutic dose for humans, did not affect mitochondrial architecture or respiratory function after two months of treatment. We analyzed the effect of rosuvastatin on hepatic tissue because it is where statins are mainly accumulated and it is the main site of endogenous cholesterol synthesis. Our results contribute to understand the side effects of rosuvastatin in hypercholesterolemic mice, effects that could also affect humans who are intolerant to statins.
Assuntos
Anticolesterolemiantes/farmacologia , Colesterol na Dieta/efeitos adversos , Hipercolesterolemia/tratamento farmacológico , Mitocôndrias Hepáticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Rosuvastatina Cálcica/farmacologia , Animais , Hipercolesterolemia/induzido quimicamente , Hipercolesterolemia/metabolismo , Hipercolesterolemia/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Mitocôndrias Hepáticas/metabolismoRESUMO
Aim: To analyze the association of NKX2.5 gene with congenital heart disease (CHD), and to determine if the variants rs703752, rs3729753 and rs2277923 increase the risk for developing CHD. Materials & methods: PubMed, EBSCO and Web of Science databases were screened to identify eligible studies. Through a comprehensive meta-analysis software, the association between NKX2.5 gene variants and susceptibility of CHD was calculated by pooled odd ratio (ORs) and 95% CI. Results: We observed that the allelic model of rs703752 and rs2277923 increased the risk in the overall population: OR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.00-1.55; Z p-value = 0.049; OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 0.01-1.37; Z p-value = 0.036; respectively. Conclusion: Our results suggested that the rs703752 and rs2277923 polymorphisms of the NKX2.5 gene are associated with CHD.
Assuntos
Cardiopatias Congênitas/genética , Proteína Homeobox Nkx-2.5/genética , Proteína Homeobox Nkx-2.5/metabolismo , Alelos , Bases de Dados Genéticas , Frequência do Gene , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Cardiopatias Congênitas/metabolismo , Humanos , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo ÚnicoRESUMO
Reports surrounding the role of resistant starch (RS) on postprandial lipemia in humans are scarce. The aim of the present study is to examine the effects of resistant starch on the postprandial lipemic response, subjective measures of appetite, and energy intake in overweight and obese subjects. In a randomized, single-blind, crossover study, 14 overweight/obese participants ate a high-fat breakfast (679 kcal, 58% from fat) and a supplement with native banana starch (NBS), high-amylose maize starch (HMS), or digestible maize starch (DMS) on three separate occasions. All supplements provided were matched by the available carbohydrate content, and the RS quantity in NBS and HMS supplements was identical. Appetite was estimated using visual analogue scale (VAS) and an ad libitum test meal. Postprandial glycemia, triglycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and insulin excursions did not differ between treatments. Subjective appetite measures of satiety were significantly increased after HMS; however, no effects on energy intake were observed during the ad libitum test meal. These findings suggest that a single acute dose of RS cannot be expected to improve postprandial lipemia in subjects with overweight or obesity on a high-fat meal. However, the potential benefits of long-term supplementation should not be ruled out based on these results.
Assuntos
Apetite/fisiologia , Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologia , Hiperlipidemias/fisiopatologia , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Saciação/fisiologia , Amido/administração & dosagem , Amido/metabolismo , Adulto , Estudos Cross-Over , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Período Pós-Prandial , Método Simples-Cego , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Concurrence of substance use disorders (SUDs) is high in individuals with psychiatric illnesses; more importantly, individuals with both disorders (dual diagnosis) have more severe symptoms. Psychiatric disorders have been proposed to share a genetic susceptibility with SUDs. To explore this shared genetic susceptibility, we analyzed whether any of the polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for psychiatric disorders could be associated to dual diagnosis in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) or bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS: We included 192 individuals of Mexican ancestry: 72 with SCZ, 53 with BD, and 67 unrelated controls without psychiatric disorders. We derived calculations of PRS for autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder, BD, major depression, and SCZ using summary genome-wide association statistics previously published. RESULTS: We found that dual diagnosis had a shared genetic susceptibility with major depressive disorder (MDD) and SCZ; furthermore, in individuals with BD, dual diagnosis could be predicted by PRS for MDD. CONCLUSIONS: Our results reinforce the notion that individuals with dual diagnosis have a higher genetic susceptibility to develop both disorders. However, analyses of larger sample sizes are required to further clarify how to predict risks through PRS within different populations.
Assuntos
Transtorno Bipolar/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Esquizofrenia/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Adulto , Transtorno Bipolar/genética , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/epidemiologia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/genética , Diagnóstico Duplo (Psiquiatria) , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/genética , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esquizofrenia/genética , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/genética , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Background Concurrence of substance use disorders (SUDs) is high in individuals with psychiatric illnesses; more importantly, individuals with both disorders (dual diagnosis) have more severe symptoms. Psychiatric disorders have been proposed to share a genetic susceptibility with SUDs. To explore this shared genetic susceptibility, we analyzed whether any of the polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for psychiatric disorders could be associated to dual diagnosis in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) or bipolar disorder (BD). Methods We included 192 individuals of Mexican ancestry: 72 with SCZ, 53 with BD, and 67 unrelated controls without psychiatric disorders. We derived calculations of PRS for autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder, BD, major depression, and SCZ using summary genome-wide association statistics previously published. Results We found that dual diagnosis had a shared genetic susceptibility with major depressive disorder (MDD) and SCZ; furthermore, in individuals with BD, dual diagnosis could be predicted by PRS for MDD. Conclusions Our results reinforce the notion that individuals with dual diagnosis have a higher genetic susceptibility to develop both disorders. However, analyses of larger sample sizes are required to further clarify how to predict risks through PRS within different populations.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Esquizofrenia/epidemiologia , Transtorno Bipolar/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Esquizofrenia/genética , Transtorno Bipolar/genética , Diagnóstico Duplo (Psiquiatria) , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/genética , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/epidemiologia , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Transtornos Mentais/genética , MéxicoRESUMO
Multiple large-scale studies such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been performed to identify genetic contributors to suicidal behaviors (SB). We aimed to summarize and analyze the information obtained in SB GWAS, to explore the biological process gene ontology (GO) of genes associated with SB from GWAS, and to determine the possible implications of the genes associated with SB in Kyoto encyclopedias of genes and genomes (KEGG) biological pathways. The articles included in the analysis were obtained from PubMed and Scopus databases. Enrichment analyses were performed in Enrichr to evaluate the KEGG pathways and GO of the genes associated with SB of GWAS. The findings of biological process GO analysis showed 924 GO involved in genes related with SB; of those, the regulation of glucose import in response to insulin stimulus, regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane, positive regulation of endopeptidase activity, heterotypic cell-cell adhesion, regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction, positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane, and positive regulation of protein localization to cell periphery biological process GO showed significant statistical association. Furthermore, we obtained 130 KEGG pathways involved in genes related with SB, which Aldosterone synthesis and secretion, Rap1 signaling pathway and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy pathways showed a significant statistical association. These findings give a better perspective of the biological participation of genes associated with SB, which will be important to perform adequate strategies to prevent and treat SB.
Assuntos
Comportamento Autodestrutivo/genética , Suicídio/psicologia , Ontologia Genética , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Humanos , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Ideação SuicidaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate possible predictors and prevalence of surgical site infections (SSIs) in a group of Mexican patients who underwent open abdominal surgery. METHODS: This retrospective study included all patients (N = 755) who underwent elective or emergency open abdominal surgeries from October 2011 to March 2012. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected through preoperative and postoperative examinations by the infection surveillance team. The relationship among variables (age, gender, body mass index, comorbidities, smoking habit, antimicrobial prophylaxis, hair removal, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, type of operation, duration of operation, and SSI classification) was analyzed by odds ratio and χ tests. MAIN RESULTS: Of the 755 patients, 91 (12%) suffered from SSI. Several variables were associated with SSI: American Society of Anesthesiologists classification (P = .001) and receiving preoperative prophylactic antimicrobials (P < .0001), among other factors. Isolated pathogens were mostly enterobacteria (60%). CONCLUSIONS: Surveillance plays an important role in the control and prevention of SSI. Providers must implement appropriate procedures to reduce SSI after abdominal surgery.
Assuntos
Abdome/cirurgia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/prevenção & controleRESUMO
We analyzed the effect of diosgenin, administered with atorvastatin or ezetimibe, on the fate of ³H(G)-taurocholic acid or 26-14C-cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic rats. Male Wistar rats received a hypercholesterolemic diet (HD), HD + atorvastatin (HD+ATV), HD + ezetimibe (HD+EZT), HD + diosgenin (HD+DG), HD+ATV+EZT, or HD+ATV+DG for 40 days. We also included a control normal group (ND). The labelled compounds were administered on day 30. The animals were placed in metabolic cages for daily feces collection. At day 40 the rats were sacrificed. Lipid extracts from blood, liver, spinal cord, testicles, kidneys, epididymis, intestine, and feces were analyzed for radioactivity. Cholesterol activity was the highest in the liver in HD rats. DG diminished one half of this activity in HD+DG and HD+ATV+DG groups in comparison with the HD group. HD+ATV rats showed four to almost ten-fold cholesterol activity in the spinal cord compared with the ND or HD rats. Fecal elimination of neutral steroids was approximately two-fold higher in the HD+DG and HD+ATV+DG groups. Taurocholic acid activity was four to ten-fold higher in HD+DG intestine as compared to the other experimental groups. Taurocholic activity in the liver of HD and HD+DG groups was two and a half higher than in ND. Our results show that the combination of DG and ATV induced the highest cholesterol reduction in the liver and other tissues.
Assuntos
Anticolesterolemiantes/farmacologia , Atorvastatina/farmacologia , Ácidos e Sais Biliares/metabolismo , Colesterol/metabolismo , Diosgenina/farmacologia , Ezetimiba/farmacologia , Hipercolesterolemia/metabolismo , Animais , Anticolesterolemiantes/administração & dosagem , Atorvastatina/administração & dosagem , Diosgenina/administração & dosagem , Ezetimiba/administração & dosagem , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Artificial sweeteners are mainly used as substitutes for sucrose derivates. In this study, we analyzed if the chronic consumption of aspartame or acesulfame potassium at an early age, produces histological alterations, astrogliosis and decreased neuronal viability, in hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, amygdala and hypothalamus of male Wistar rats. A histological analysis was performed on male Wistar rats that consumed aspartame or acesulfame potassium during 90 days, initiating the consumption of sweeteners immediately after weaning. The evaluation of neuronal morphology in different areas of the brain was performed with hematoxylin - eosin staining. To measure astrogliosis and neuronal viability, we used the immunohistochemical technique, with the glial fibrillary acidic protein immunomodulators (GFAP) and with neuronal-specific enolase (NSE). The consumption of aspartame or acesulfame potassium promoted morphological changes of neurons including increased pyknotic nuclei and vacuolization in all the brain areas studied. In hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, amygdala and hypothalamus, astrogliosis and reduction of neural viability were observed in sweeteners consumers in comparison with the control group. Chronic consumption of ASP and ACK from early stages of development and during long periods, may promote neural modifications, astrogliosis and decrease neuronal viability in prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus.
Assuntos
Aspartame/toxicidade , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Gliose/induzido quimicamente , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Edulcorantes/toxicidade , Tiazinas/toxicidade , Animais , Aspartame/administração & dosagem , Encéfalo/patologia , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/fisiologia , Gliose/patologia , Masculino , Neurônios/patologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Edulcorantes/administração & dosagem , Tiazinas/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Erythropoietin (EPO) is required for promoting the progress of erythroid differentiation. However, the discovery of EPO and the EPO receptor (EPOR) in the nervous system may contribute to new treatment strategies for the use of EPO in neurodegenerative disorders. Diabetic neuropathy is a neurodegenerative disease that affects a large proportion of diabetic patients and results in alterations in functionality, mood and sleep. The pathogenic mechanisms generating diabetic neuropathy involve: Schwannopathy, polyol pathway activity, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) accumulation, protein kinase C (PKC) activity, increased hexosamine pathway flux, oxidative stress, nitric oxide and inflammation. In this sense, evidence from both clinical and experimental studies indicates that EPO may reverse diabetic neuropathy through an antioxidant action by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, restoring Na+/K+-ATPase activity, and blocking the generation of pro-apoptotic proteins. The aim of this review is to discuss the neuroprotector effect of EPO on pathogenic mechanisms of diabetic neuropathy.
Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Neuropatias Diabéticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neuropatias Diabéticas/metabolismo , Gerenciamento Clínico , Eritropoetina/uso terapêutico , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Apoptose/fisiologia , Neuropatias Diabéticas/imunologia , Eritropoetina/farmacologia , Humanos , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologiaRESUMO
Most patients undergoing limb amputations suffer significant emotional changes. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of suicide attempts and depression in a sample of Mexican patients with limb amputations and, second, to determine whether the patients' functionality correlates with the presence of depression. We studied 40 patients who had undergone a limb amputation. The suicide attempt was evaluated using the Suicide Intent Scale. The depression was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, whereas the functionality of the patients was measured using the Functional Independence Measure. In this sample, 90% were men, whereas only 10% were women. In terms of the suicide behavior, we identified suicide attempts in 27.5% of the patients. The rate of depression was 92.5%. In the Functional Independence Measure, we observed that 57.5% of the patients showed complete dependence. Finally, a significant correlation was found between depression and functionality (r=-0.75, P<0.001). The findings of the present study highlight the high incidence of suicide attempts and depression in Mexican patients with limb amputations. Also, we identified a correlation between the lack of functional independence and depression. Therefore, holistic interventions are necessary in these patients: rehabilitation therapy to increase their functionality, and psychological and pharmacology therapy to decrease suicidal behavior and depression. Finally, more studies using larger samples are necessary to obtain conclusive results.
Assuntos
Amputados/psicologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Tentativa de Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Avaliação da Deficiência , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: In recent years, suicide in children and adolescents has increased considerably, becoming the second cause of death in this age group. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify characteristics and factors that could precipitate deaths by suicide in children and adolescents. METHODS: Using the psychological autopsy method, we studied 28 suicide cases of children and adolescents between 10 and 17 years old. Socio-demographic factors, characteristics of the suicide and family history were documented. RESULTS: The proportion of deaths by suicide was the same in females and males (50% each). Most of the suicides were performed at the child/adolescent's home (78.6%) and no history of previous suicide attempts were registered (85.7%). Also, the majority of suicidal individuals came from a dysfunctional family (60.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results identified characteristics of children and adolescents that had died by suicide, such as dying at their homes and coming from dysfunctional families. Knowing the characteristics of children and adolescents that had ended their lives by suicide should be considered in future studies to help developing preventive programs and strategies for treating suicidal behaviors in Mexican children and adolescents.
Assuntos
Suicídio/psicologia , Adolescente , Asfixia/mortalidade , Criança , Conflito Familiar/psicologia , Saúde da Família , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Anamnese , México/epidemiologia , Lesões do Pescoço/mortalidade , Intoxicação/mortalidade , Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Suicide is the second cause of death in youth population. The aim of the present study was to analyze demographic characteristics and suicide methods used, as well as to identify gender differences among Mexican children and adolescents (aged 10-17 years) that committed suicide. Between January 2003 and December 2013, 167 suicides of children and adolescents between 10 and 17 years of age were documented by the Secretary of Health of the state of Tabasco, Mexico. All sociodemographic characteristics were compared according to gender. Our sample included 67.7% males and 32.3% females (male to female 2.1:1). The predominant marital status was single (89.6%) and hanging (93.7%) was the principal method of suicide used. Both female and male adolescents were predominantly students (50%); however, female adolescents were more frequently married (17%) and were housewives (26.4%). Our results identified that hanging is the principal suicide method used by children and adolescents in Mexican population; we also detected main gender differences in terms of poisoning/drug toxicity as the method used, occupation and marital status. These results should be taken into consideration when designing suicide prevention programs due to the differences found by gender.
Assuntos
Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Criança , Emprego/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estado Civil/estatística & dados numéricos , México/epidemiologia , Caracteres Sexuais , Fatores Sexuais , Pessoa Solteira/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Suicídio/psicologia , Prevenção do SuicídioRESUMO
The polymorphisms of the serotonin receptor 2C (HTR2C) gene have been proposed to influence suicidal behavior. The aim of our study was to explore the role of the HTR2C gene variant Cys23Ser (rs6318) in the pathogenesis of suicidal behavior through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The search was performed using EBSCO and PubMed databases. To be included in the analysis, the studies had to evaluate suicidal behavior (attempted, ideation, or completed suicide). The results of the meta-analysis were expressed as odds ratios (ORs). Because HTR2C lies on chromosome X, pooled ORs were calculated, respectively, for each of the models used, namely: allelic, homozygous, dominant, and recessive for the female group and allelic for the male group. The meta-analysis comprised 3867 individuals, including 1668 cases and 2199 controls. The HTR2C Cys23Ser (rs6318) polymorphism did not show a significant association with suicidal behavior either in women (OR: 0.75; 95% confidence interval: 0.55-1.00) or in men (OR: 0.89; 95% confidence interval: 0.64-1.23). Similarly, nonsignificant associations were observed for all of the genetic models used in any of the populations/subgroups studied. Our findings suggest that the rs6318 (Cys23Ser) polymorphism is not associated with suicidal behavior. However, because of the study limitations, we suggest more researches should be performed, increasing the sample sizes and statistical power, to determine the association between the rs6318 variant and suicidal behavior.
Assuntos
Receptor 5-HT2C de Serotonina/genética , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/genética , Suicídio/psicologia , Alelos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Frequência do Gene/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Razão de Chances , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Receptor 5-HT2C de Serotonina/metabolismo , Fatores de Risco , Ideação Suicida , Tentativa de Suicídio/psicologiaRESUMO
Previous studies have shown the benefits of native banana starch (NBS) supplementation in improving glucose metabolism and reducing body weight (BW) in humans. However, the effect of this starch on appetite regulation is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of NBS rich resistant starch on subjective measurements of appetite, energy intake, and appetite hormones in healthy subjects. Postprandial glucose and insulin responses were also assessed. In a randomized, single-blind, crossover study, 28 healthy young subjects consumed a beverage containing either 40 g of NBS or 40 g of digestible corn starch (DCS) on two separate occasions. Effects on appetite were estimated using visual analogue scales (VAS) and satiety hormone responses. At the end of the intervention, participants were provided with a pre-weighed ad libitum homogeneous test meal. After a washout period of 1 week, subjects received the alternative treatment. NBS supplementation induced a reduction in food intake, glucose area under the curve (AUC)-180 min, and insulin AUC-180 min. However, there was no associated effect on the subjective appetite ratings or gut hormones. NBS supplementation may help to reduce meal size and control BW.
Assuntos
Apetite/efeitos dos fármacos , Ingestão de Alimentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Análise de Alimentos , Amido/farmacologia , Adolescente , Feminino , Glutationa Peroxidase , Humanos , Insulina/sangue , Masculino , Amido/química , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Suicide is known as a major health concern worldwide. There is evidence for the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in suicide behavior. Therefore, this factor has been proposed as a biomarker for suicide behavior. Clinical studies have measured BDNF concentrations at central and peripheral levels. As a consequence, the aim of this study was to assess BDNF levels in blood plasma and serum to see whether there is a difference in concentrations in patients with suicide behavior when compared to those in controls, using a meta-analysis approach. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. The search strategy was performed using three databases: PubMed, EBSCO and ScienceDirect. The meta-analysis included a total of nine case-control studies, six measured the BDNF level in serum and three in plasma in suicide behavior. RESULTS: A decrease in BDNF levels in plasma was observed (d = -0.73, 95% CI -1.42 to -0.03 pg/ml). In the case of serum concentrations, no BDNF differences were encountered between cases and controls (d = 0.09, 95% CI -0.31 to 0.13 ng/ml, p(Q) = .92). CONCLUSIONS: According to the results found in the present meta-analysis, the plasma BDNF level could be suggest as a potential biomarker in suicide behavior. However, since the number of studies included in the analysis is limited, a larger number is necessary to determine conclusively the role of BDNF as a biomarker in suicide behavior.