Anatomical study of the adductor canal: three-dimensional micro-computed tomography, histological, and immunofluorescence findings relevant to neural blockade / 대한마취과학회지

Background@#A precise anatomical understanding of the adductor canal (AC) and its neural components is essential for discerning the action mechanism of the AC block. We therefore aimed to clarify the detailed anatomy of the AC using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), histological evaluation, and immunofluorescence (IF) assays. @*Methods@#Gross dissections of 39 thighs provided morphometric data relevant to injection landmarks. Serial sectional images of the AC were defined using micro-CT and ultrasonography. The fascial and neural structures of the AC proper were histologically evaluated using Masson’s trichrome and Verhoeff-Van Gieson staining, and double IF staining using choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and neurofilament 200 antibodies. @*Results@#The posteromedial branch insertion of the nerve to vastus medialis (NVM) into the lateral border of the AC proper was lower (14.5 ± 2.4 cm [mean ± SD] above the base of the patella) than the origin of the proximal AC. The AC consists of a thin subsartorial fascia in the proximal region and a thick aponeurosis-like vastoadductor membrane in the distal region. In the proximal AC, the posteromedial branch of the NVM (pmNVM) consistently contained both sensory and motor fibers, and more ChAT-positive fibers were observed than in the saphenous nerve (27.5 ± 11.2 / 104 vs. 4.2 ± 2.6 / 104 [counts/µm2], P < 0.001). @*Conclusions@#Anatomical differences in fascial structures between the proximal and distal AC and a mixed neural component of the neighboring pmNVM have been visualized using micro-CT images, histological evaluation, and IF assays.

The Study of Relationship among Infertility Stress, Gratitude, and Couple Relationship Changes of Women Undergoing Reproductive Treatments

Purpose@#We aim to assess infertility stress, gratitude, and changes in couple relationship of the women under reproductive treatments and to identify the relationships between variables. @*Methods@#The subjects were 212 infertile women receiving reproductive treatments. The data were collected by self-administered questionnaires from June to August in 2019. The questionnaire consisted of the questions about infertility stress, gratitude and changes in their couple relationships. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, 1-way analysis of variance, and correlation coefficient were analyzed using the SPSS 26.0 Windows program. @*Results@#The level of Infertility stress, gratitude, and changes in couple relationship averaged 3.23±0.59 (range of 1 to 6), 4.85±1.06 (range of 1 to 6), 3.03±0.55 (range of 1 to 5), respectively. Infertility stress had a negative correlation with gratitude (r=-0.322, p<0.001) and changes in couple relationship (r= -0.371, p<0.001). Gratitude also had a negative correlation with changes in couple relationship (r=-0.370, p<0.001). @*Conclusion@#The results revealed that infertility stress has a negative correlation with gratitude and changes in couple relationship. Thus, psychological interventions that can alleviate negative emotions should be provided.

The Study of Relationship among Infertility Stress, Gratitude, and Couple Relationship Changes of Women Undergoing Reproductive Treatments

Purpose@#We aim to assess infertility stress, gratitude, and changes in couple relationship of the women under reproductive treatments and to identify the relationships between variables. @*Methods@#The subjects were 212 infertile women receiving reproductive treatments. The data were collected by self-administered questionnaires from June to August in 2019. The questionnaire consisted of the questions about infertility stress, gratitude and changes in their couple relationships. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, 1-way analysis of variance, and correlation coefficient were analyzed using the SPSS 26.0 Windows program. @*Results@#The level of Infertility stress, gratitude, and changes in couple relationship averaged 3.23±0.59 (range of 1 to 6), 4.85±1.06 (range of 1 to 6), 3.03±0.55 (range of 1 to 5), respectively. Infertility stress had a negative correlation with gratitude (r=-0.322, p<0.001) and changes in couple relationship (r= -0.371, p<0.001). Gratitude also had a negative correlation with changes in couple relationship (r=-0.370, p<0.001). @*Conclusion@#The results revealed that infertility stress has a negative correlation with gratitude and changes in couple relationship. Thus, psychological interventions that can alleviate negative emotions should be provided.

Experiences of Hospital Pre-Employment among Senior Nursing Students / 정신간호학회지

Purpose@#The objective of this phenomenological study was to explore senior nursing students' experiences with the process of getting a job. @*Methods@#Twenty-one nursing students participated in the study. The data were collected from May 2018 to October 2018 using focus group interviews and later analyzed using Colaizzi's method. @*Results@#In our study, four categories, 11 theme clusters, and 32 themes were identified. The four categories were change in becoming a senior, losing strength in own heart, slightly recovering strength, and expectations and wishes from others. @*Conclusion@#This study is meaningful because it provides basic data for multidisciplinary alternatives and the evolution of present senior nursing students to reduce job stress by understanding personal, relational, and social experiences in preparation for employment.

Emotional Experiences of Nursing Student's College Life / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The objective of this phenomenological study was to explore nursing students' emotional experiences in the school life. METHODS: Twenty-four nursing students participated in the study. Data were collected from May 2017 to February 2018 using focus group interviews and later analyzed using the Colaizzi's method. RESULTS: In our study, 311 meanings were obtained from the participants, including 19 sub-themes and seven theme clusters. The seven theme clusters were; ‘looking back on the past,’ ‘face to reality,’ ‘recognizing me,’ ‘anxiety about uncertainty,’ ‘nursing student's way,’ ‘looking around,’ and ‘patting for my mind.’ The emotional experiences of nursing students in college life were classified into four categories: ‘self-reflection for growth,’ ‘discovery for growth,’ ‘hoping for growth,’ and ‘search for the growth.’ CONCLUSION: Although nursing students may be equally exposed to anxious and stressful situations, their activities, adaptability and levels of achievement vary depending on emotional experiences of each person. Considering the continuous curriculum of nursing, it is necessary to develop emotional management strategies and relevant training programs considering different types and levels of emotional issues for the nursing students.

The Relationship between Fatigue, Health-Promoting Behavior, and Depression among Infertile Women / 여성건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: As the number of infertile couples has grown, many infertile women have experienced depression during the diagnosis and treatment of their infertility. This study aimed to identify the factors related to depression in infertile women who underwent reproductive treatments. METHODS: The study subjects were 149 infertile women who underwent reproductive treatments. The data were collected by self-administered questionnaires from August 1 to December 24, 2018. The questionnaire consisted of questions about fatigue, health-promoting behavior, and depression. Analyses of the descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, correlation, and multiple regression were conducted using the SPSS 25.0 Windows program. RESULTS: Thirty-six of the women in the study (24.2%) were in the probably depressed group and 113 (75.8%) were in the definitely depressed group and 100% of the subjects experienced symptoms of depression. Depression was positively correlated with fatigue and negatively correlated with health-promoting behavior. Multiple regression analysis revealed that fatigue and interpersonal relationships were factors significantly related to depression in the model (p<.001), with an explanatory power of 42.6%. CONCLUSION: The results confirmed that fatigue and interpersonal relationships, which is a subfactor of health-promoting behavior, were factors related to depression. To alleviate depression in infertile women, efforts should be made to identify and reduce psychological and physical fatigue. In addition, minimizing relational difficulties that they experience during an infertility diagnosis and treatment and strengthening positive interpersonal relationships can be positive strategies to alleviate depression.

Adaptation Experience of Male Nursing Students Who Return to University after Military Service / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study explores male nursing students' experiences with returning to school after military service. METHODS: Data were collected from 18 male nursing students who returned from military service between 2015 and 2017 through focus group interviews. The collected data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method. RESULTS: From the 325 meanings obtained from the study participants, 18 themes and 5 theme clusters were identified. The 5 theme clusters were found to be “way one has to go because he is a man,” “endurance despite hard work,” “gazing from the highland,” “different feeling of the same place,” and “expectation and desire.” CONCLUSION: Male nursing students' experiences in the army had continuous meaning in the adaptive process of them leaving from and return to the university. Therefore, interest and effort within nursing schools and universities are needed so that the military experience can be beneficial to the university life, including the male students' departure and return.

A Phenomenological Study on the Spontaneous Abortion Experiences of Women

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore essences and meaning in experiences of women who have had spontaneous abortion. METHODS: A phenomenological methodology was used for the study. A total of five women with the spontaneous abortion participated in the study. In-depth interviews were done for data collection, and the data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method. RESULTS: Five theme clusters, along with 32 sub-themes and 13 themes. The five theme clusters were: ‘Waiting and expecting pregnancy’, ‘Desire to overcome the spontaneous abortion’, ‘My baby makes me cry and laugh’, ‘My precious baby’, and ‘Want to hear with sympathy and talk with you’. CONCLUSION: The women who have had the spontaneous abortion experiences can prevent potential physical and psychological complications after miscarriage by getting education and intervention in nursing. Moreover, they may experience that negative factors of the spontaneous abortion can be turned into positive things through emotional support of family and medical teams.

Narrative Exploration of Infertile Nurses' Experience of Natural Abortion / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to explore deeply the essence and meaning of abortion related experience of nurses. METHODS: Data were collected through in-depth informal interviews, observation, and field records with two nurses from July 1 to July 30, 2015. Data were analyzed using narrative inquiry methodology. RESULTS: Three fundamental themes were derived from data analysis: 'Considering women with abortion-experience as women to be nursed', 'to be absolutely understood', and 'to make us to think how to help'. CONCLUSION: It is significant that this study was carried out holistically on the experience and change in physical, emotional, social, and spiritual aspects of nurses with abortion-experience, simultaneously interpreting from the prospective of nurses. Therefore the basis of nursing interventions are suggested; holistic aspects as education, counseling, group meetings, and program assistance for the women, the families, and those concerned with abortion- experience.

First-Year Graduate Student Experience of University Life in an Unfamiliar Department of Nursing / 한국간호교육학회지

PURPOSE: This study explores the experience of university life in an unfamiliar department by first-year graduate students. METHODS: Data were collected from participants through focus group interviews between July and August 2013 using phenomenological research methods. Colsizzi's method was used for analysis after the institutional review board of the university approved the study and informed consent was obtained from the participants. All interviews were recorded on an MP3 recorder and transcribed. RESULTS: The analysis revealed 51 meanings that were categorized by 15 key words into 6 themes: "sense of isolation," "feeling of solidarity," "limitations," "benefits," "overcoming" and "renewing." CONCLUSION: First-year graduate students experience both positive and negative feelings toward "university life"; however, they eventually overcome their difficulties and adapt to the conditions of their field of study and new department.

Concept Analysis of Gratitude / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze and clarify the concept of gratitude. METHODS: A review of the literature was conducted using several databases. The databases were searched using the following keywords: gratitude, positive psychology, concept analysis. Literatures related to gratitude was reviewed using the framework of Walker and Avant's conceptual analysis process. RESULTS: Gratitude can be defined by the following attributes: 1) expression of interaction, 2) power of drawing positive change, and 3) growth of phases by training and habit. The antecedents of gratitude are as follows: 1) soothing one's anger, 2) decreasing complaints, and 3) increasing expressions of gratitude. The consequences of gratitude are as follows: 1) positive change in oneself, 2) positive change in others, and 3) positive change in the environment. CONCLUSION: The theoretical definition for gratitude will provide a common understanding of this concept and differentiate it from other types of gratitude in the nursing. This clarification and conceptualization of the concept will assist further research of the concept and advance the boundaries of practical applications in nursing for various people.

Phenomenological Study on Aging of Women in 40's and 50's: Applying the Parse's Theory

PURPOSE: This study was done to explore the essence and meaning of the experience of 'aging,' as a process of 40's and 50's women in Korea by applying the Parse's Human Becoming theory (2002). METHODS: Data was collected from February to April, 2013, using the phenomenological research method. Data was collected through in-depth informal interview and analyzed following Colaizzi method. After IRB permission and informed consent from the participants, all interviews were recorded with MP3 recorder and transcribed for analysis. RESULTS: Data analysis revealed 112 of meanings, 33 key subject words, 8 subject phrases, and 4 categories. The main themes were elaborated as 'going down' ('Being changed of body and mind', 'Being considered on my identity'), 'going up' ('Being expanded of productive role', 'Being transcendent multi-dimensionally'), 'pausing' ('Becoming more thoughtful about family', 'Looking back'), 'going forward again' ('Age is just a number, 'Contemplating of life and death'). Experiences in aging among women in 40's and 50's enlightened with Parse's theory of Human Becoming in terms of 'going down', 'going up', 'pausing', 'going forward again' appeared simultaneously, rather than consecutively. CONCLUSION: Women in 40's and 50's require holistic nursing intervention with physical, psychological, socio-economical, and spiritual aspects, rather than focusing on problematic physical symptom relief and prevention of further conditions. It is recommended to develop various nursing intervention considering on different environment, type of experience, and level of human becoming, individually.