Biochar reduces antibiotic transport by altering soil hydrology and enhancing antibiotic sorption.

The performance of biochar (BC) in reducing the transport of antibiotics under field conditions has not been sufficiently explored. In repacked sloping boxes of a calcareous soil, the effects of different BC treatments on the discharge of three relatively weakly sorbing antibiotics (sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, and florfenicol) via runoff and drainage were monitored for three natural rain events. Surface application of 1 % BC (1 %BC-SA) led to the most effective reduction in runoff discharge of the two sulfonamide antibiotics, which can be partly ascribed to the enhanced water infiltration. The construction of 5 % BC amended permeable reactive wall (5 %BC-PRW) at the lower end of soil box was more effective than the 1 %BC-SA treatment in reducing the leaching of the most weakly sorbing antibiotic (florfenicol), which can be mainly ascribed to the much higher plant available and drainable water contents in the 5 %BC-PRW soil than in the unamended soil. The results of this study highlight the importance of BC's ability to regulate flow pattern by modifying soil hydraulic properties, which can make a significant contribution to the achieved reduction in the transport of antibiotics offsite or to groundwater.

A safety and efficacy study of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for refractory and relapsed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma patients who achieved complete remission after autologous CD7 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy.

CD7-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has shown promising initial complete remission (CR) rates in patients with refractory or relapsed (r/r) T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-ALL/LBL). To enhance the remission duration, consolidation with allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is considered. Our study delved into the outcomes of 34 patients with r/r T-ALL/LBL who underwent allo-HSCT after achieving CR with autologous CD7 CAR-T therapy. These were compared with 124 consecutive T-ALL/LBL patients who received allo-HSCT in CR following chemotherapy. The study revealed that both the CAR-T and chemotherapy cohorts exhibited comparable 2-year overall survival (OS) (61.9% [95% CI, 44.1-78.1] vs. 67.6% [95% CI, 57.5-76.9], p = 0.210), leukaemia-free survival (LFS) (62.3% [95% CI, 44.6-78.4] vs. 62.0% [95% CI, 51.8-71.7], p = 0.548), non-relapse mortality (NRM) rates (32.0% [95% CI, 19.0-54.0] vs. 25.3% [95% CI, 17.9-35.8], p = 0.288) and relapse incidence rates (8.8% [95% CI, 3.0-26.0] vs. 15.8% [95% CI, 9.8-25.2], p = 0.557). Patients aged ≤14 in the CD7 CAR-T group achieved high 2-year OS and LFS rates of 87.5%. Our study indicates that CD7 CAR-T therapy followed by allo-HSCT is not only effective and safe for r/r T-ALL/LBL patients but also on par with the outcomes of those achieving CR through chemotherapy, without increasing NRM.

Proteomics analysis of enzyme systems and pathway changes during the moromi fermentation of soy sauce mash.

BACKGROUND: During the brewing of soy sauce, the conversion of multiple substances is driven by various microorganisms and their secreted enzyme systems. Soy sauce mash is an important source of enzyme systems during moromi fermentation, but the changes of enzyme systems in soy sauce mash during moromi fermentation are poorly understood. In order to explore the predominant enzyme systems existing during moromi fermentation and to explain the characteristics of the enzyme system changes, an enzymatic activities assay and 4D-label-free proteomics analysis were conducted on soy sauce mash at different stages of fermentation. RESULTS: The activities of hydrolytic enzymes in soy sauce mash decreased continuously throughout the fermentation process, while most of the characteristic physicochemical substances in soy sauce mash supernatant had already accumulated at the early stage of fermentation. Four hydrolytic enzymes were found to be positively correlated with important physicochemical indexes by principal component analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. The proteomics analysis revealed three highly upregulated enzymes and two enzymes that were present in important metabolic pathways throughout the fermentation process. Furthermore, it was found that Aspergillus oryzae was able to accumulate various nutrients in the soy sauce mash by downregulating most of its metabolic pathways. CONCLUSION: Enzymes present with excellent properties during the moromi fermentation period could be obtained from these results. Meanwhile, the characterization of the metabolic pathways of microorganisms during the moromi fermentation period was revealed. The results provide a basis for more scientific and purposeful improvement of moromi fermentation in the future. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Submerged Culture of Edible and Medicinal Mushroom Mycelia and Their Applications in Food Products: A Review.

Edible mushrooms have rich nutrition (e.g., proteins, dietary fibers, polysaccharides) and they can be potential sources of important ingredients in food processing. However, the cultivation of mushroom fruiting bodies needs a relatively long time, and they can be easily polluted during the growth process. At the same time, a lot of labor and larger planting areas are also required. As we all know, submerged fermentation is a good way to produce edible mushroom mycelia with less environmental pollution and small footprint, which are also rich in nutrition and bioactive components that are used as dietary supplements or health care products in the food industry. Therefore, it can be considered that the replacement of edible mushroom fruiting bodies with edible mushroom mycelia produced through submerged fermentation has great application potential in food production. At present, most of the research about edible mushroom mycelia focuses on the production of bioactive metabolites in fermentation liquid, but there are few reports that concentrate on their applications in food. This paper reviews the research progress of submerged culture of edible mushroom mycelia and their applications in food products.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Behaviors in Isoprene Polymerization of Pyridine-Oxazoline-Ligated Cobalt Complexes.

A family of pyridine-oxazoline-ligated cobalt complexes L2CoCl23a-h were synthesized and characterized. Determined via single-crystal X-ray diffraction, complexes 3a and 3d, ligated by two ligands, displayed a distorted tetrahedral coordination of a cobalt center. The X-ray structure indicated the pyridine-oxazoline ligands acted as unusual mono-dentate ligands by coordinating only to Noxazoline. Upon activation with AlEt2Cl (diethylaluminum chloride), these cobalt complexes all exhibited high catalytic activity (up to 2.5 × 106 g·molCo-1·h-1), affording cis-1,4-co-3,4-polyisoprene with molecular weights of 4.4-176 kg mol-1 and a narrow Ð of 1.79-3.42, suggesting a single-site nature of the active sites. The structure of cobalt catalysts and reaction parameters, especially co-catalysts and the reaction temperature, all have significant influence on the polymerization activity but not on the microstructure of polyisoprene.

Deregulation of the Glymphatic System in Alzheimer's Disease: Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia and is characterized by progressive degeneration of brain function. AD gradually affects the parts of the brain that control thoughts, language, behavior and mental function, severely impacting a person's ability to carry out daily activities and ultimately leading to death. The accumulation of extracellular amyloid-ß peptide (Aß) and the aggregation of intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau are the two key pathological hallmarks of AD. AD is a complex condition that involves both non-genetic risk factors (35%) and genetic risk factors (58-79%). The glymphatic system plays an essential role in clearing metabolic waste, transporting tissue fluid, and participating in the immune response. Both non-genetic and genetic risk factors affect the glymphatic system to varying degrees. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the underlying mechanisms involved in the deregulation of the glymphatic system during the progression of AD, especially concerning the diverse contributions of non-genetic and genetic risk factors. In the future, new targets and interventions that modulate these interrelated mechanisms will be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of AD.

Phenolic composition, antioxidant, cytotoxic activities and cardioprotective effect of hydroalcoholic extract from aerial-parts of Hypericum attenuatum Fisch. ex Choisy.

This study investigated phenolic metabolites, antioxidant, cytotoxic and cardioprotective effects of the hydroalcoholic extract from the aerial parts of Hypericum attenuatum Fisch. ex Choisy. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract were 132.40 ± 2.06 mg GAE/g and 101.46 ± 1.47 mg QE/g respectively. The extract exhibited antioxidant activities with an EC50 value against DPPH radical of 0.099 ± 0.03 mg/mL and a FRAP value of 1.22 ± 0.086 mmol/L Fe2+. The extract could protect H9c2 cardiomyoblasts from the injury of H2O2, while it restored the H9c2 cell viability to 82.69 ± 2.33% at 100 µg/mL. The extract possessed cytotoxicity on MGC803, C666-1 and SW620 cells with IC50 values of 69.77 ± 2.43 µg/mL, 74.97 ± 1.08 µg/mL and 58.91 ± 1.81 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, it could promote apoptosis of the tested cancer cells. This research provided useful information for the utilization of H. attenuatum as herbal medicine.

Paranasal sinus occupancy assessed from magnetic resonance images-associations with clinical indicators in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVES: Nasal, paranasal sinus and mucosal disorders are common symptoms in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Soft tissue changes and fluid accumulation in the osteomeatal complexes and paranasal sinuses manifest as opaqueness on radiological images which can be assessed using visual scoring and computational methods on CT scans, but their results do not always correlate. Using MRI, we investigate the applicability of different image analysis methods in SLE. METHODS: We assessed paranasal sinus opaqueness on MRI from 51 SLE patients, using three visual scoring systems and expert-delineated computational volumes, and examined their association with markers of disease activity, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and common small vessel disease (SVD) indicators, adjusting for age and sex-at-birth. RESULTS: The average paranasal sinus volume occupation was 4.55 (6.47%) [median (interquartile range) = 0.67 (0.25-2.65) ml], mainly in the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses. It was highly correlated with Lund-Mackay (LM) scores modified at 50% opaqueness cut-off (Spearman's ρ: 0.71 maxillary and 0.618 ethmoids, P < 0.001 in all), and with more granular variations of the LM system. The modified LM scores were associated with SVD scores (0: B = 5.078, s.e. = 1.69, P = 0.0026; 2: B = -0.066, s.e. = 0.023, P = 0.0045) and disease activity (anti-dsDNA: B = 4.59, s.e. = 2.22, P = 0.045; SLEDAI 3-7: 2.86 < B < 4.30; 1.38 < s.e. < 1.63; 0.0083 ≤ P ≤ 0.0375). Computationally derived percent opaqueness yielded similar results. CONCLUSION: In patients with SLE, MRI computational assessment of sinuses opaqueness and LM scores modified at a 50% cut-off may be useful tools in understanding the relationships among paranasal sinus occupancy, disease activity and SVD markers.

A novel tool for tracing water sources of streamflow in a mixed land-use catchment.

Tracing water sources of streamflow in a mixed land-use catchment is critical for predicting pollutant emissions from various human activities to streams but remains a major challenge. A rain event based field monitoring study was conducted in the Jieliu catchment located in the hilly area of central Sichuan Province, southwest China. The ratio of the maximum fluorescence intensities (Fmax) of the two humic-like dissolved organic matter (DOM) components at excitation/emission wavelengths of 255 (315)/415 nm (component 1; C1) and 260 (375)/480 nm (component 2; C2) was proposed as a tracer for quantifying streamflow water sources. Satisfactory performance of using the Fmax(C1)/Fmax(C2) ratio in hydrograph separation of streamflow at the outlet of a forest sub-catchment was verified by through comparison with the hydrograph separation results based on δ18O data. The Fmax(C1)/Fmax(C2) ratio was then applied to estimate the contributions of rainwater and pre-event water sources under different land use types to the streamflow in an agro-forest sub-catchment and the entire catchment. The hydrograph separation results using the Fmax(C1)/Fmax(C2) ratio can be used to support the optimization of water resource management and the quantification of pollutant loadings from major water sources to streams at the catchment scale.

Influence of threshold selection and image sequence in in-vivo segmentation of enlarged perivascular spaces.

BACKGROUND: Growing interest surrounds perivascular spaces (PVS) as a clinical biomarker of brain dysfunction given their association with cerebrovascular risk factors and disease. Neuroimaging techniques allowing quick and reliable quantification are being developed, but, in practice, they require optimisation as their limits of validity are usually unspecified. NEW METHOD: We evaluate modifications and alternatives to a state-of-the-art (SOTA) PVS segmentation method that uses a vesselness filter to enhance PVS discrimination, followed by thresholding of its response, applied to brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) from patients with sporadic small vessel disease acquired at 3 T. RESULTS: The method is robust against inter-observer differences in threshold selection, but separate thresholds for each region of interest (i.e., basal ganglia, centrum semiovale, and midbrain) are required. Noise needs to be assessed prior to selecting these thresholds, as effect of noise and imaging artefacts can be mitigated with a careful optimisation of these thresholds. PVS segmentation from T1-weighted images alone, misses small PVS, therefore, underestimates PVS count, may overestimate individual PVS volume especially in the basal ganglia, and is susceptible to the inclusion of calcified vessels and mineral deposits. Visual analyses indicated the incomplete and fragmented detection of long and thin PVS as the primary cause of errors, with the Frangi filter coping better than the Jerman filter. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS: Limits of validity to a SOTA PVS segmentation method applied to 3 T MRI with confounding pathology are given. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence presented reinforces the STRIVE-2 recommendation of using T2-weighted images for PVS assessment wherever possible. The Frangi filter is recommended for PVS segmentation from MRI, offering robust output against variations in threshold selection and pathology presentation.

Long scleral tunnel technique for prevention of drainage tube-related complications during Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation.

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of modified Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation (long scleral tunnel technique) in the treatment of neovascularization glaucoma (NVG). This retrospective observational case series included 23 patients (23 eyes) diagnosed with NVG secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy from January 2020 to June 2021. All 23 cases received anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment. Then, after 3 to 7 days, these cases were treated with modified AGV implantation (long scleral tunnel technique) and were followed up for at least 6 months. The best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, numbers of antiglaucoma medications used, and postoperative complications were observed at 1 week and 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. With treatment, the mean best corrected visual acuity improved significantly (P < .001) from 1.62 ±â€…0.52 logMAR preoperatively to 1.29 ±â€…0.36 logMAR at the 6-month follow-up. The mean postoperative intraocular pressure was significantly lower than that before modified AGV implantation during follow-up period, decreasing from 45.48 ±â€…7.86 mm Hg preoperatively to 14.87 ±â€…1.96 mm Hg at 1 week, 18.39 ±â€…2.25 mm Hg at 1 month, 16.61 ±â€…1.47 mm Hg at 3 months, and 17.48 ±â€…1.38 mm Hg at 6 months (F = 256.646, P < .001). The median number of antiglaucoma medications used by patients also significantly decreased from 3 (3-4) preoperatively to 0 (0-1) at the 6-month follow-up after surgery (Z = -4.248, P < .001). Postoperative complications included hyphema in 2 cases and vitreous hemorrhage in 1 case, and all 3 patients achieved satisfactory recovery with treatment. No drainage tube-related complications occurred among our patients. Long scleral tunnel technique is a safe and effective surgical treatment for NVG with fewer drainage tube-related complications.

[Association between HLA-DRB1 gene polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility of early-onset severe preeclampsia]. / HLA-DRB1åŸºå› å¤šæ€æ€§ä¸Žæ—©å‘åž‹é‡åº¦å­ç—«å‰æœŸé—ä¼ æ˜“æ„Ÿæ€§çš„ç ”ç©¶.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the correlation between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of rs3135388, rs114293611 and rs142804168 of HLA-DRB1 gene and early-onset severe preeclampsia (sPE). METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 102 early-onset sPE mothers and their neonates (sPE group), as well as 120 normotensive mothers and their neonates (control group). Sanger sequencing was performed to compare the genotype distribution, allele frequencies, and differences in genotype distribution after maternal-infant compatibility between the two groups. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences in genotype distribution at rs114293611 of HLA-DRB1 gene were observed between sPE and control groups in both mothers and neonates (P<0.05). The frequency of the T allele at rs114293611 was higher in the sPE group of neonates than that in the control group (P<0.05), while no significant difference was found between the two groups of mothers (P>0.05). The maternal-infant genotype compatibility analysis showed significant differences in genotype distribution between sPE and control groups (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in genotype distribution and allele frequencies at rs3135388 and rs142804168 of HLA-DRB1 gene between the two groups of mothers and neonates (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The SNP at rs114293611 of HLA-DRB1 gene may be associated with the development of early-onset sPE in mothers. Maternal-infant genotype compatibility abnormality at rs114293611 of HLA-DRB1 gene may be a predisposition factor for the development of sPE.

The beneficial potential of protein hydrolysates as prebiotic for probiotics and its biological activity: a review.

Probiotics are not only a food supplement, but they have shown great potential in their nutritional, health and therapeutic effects. To maximize the beneficial effects of probiotics, it is commonly achieved by adding prebiotics. Prebiotics primarily comprise indigestible carbohydrates, specific peptides, proteins, and lipids, with oligosaccharides being the most extensively studied prebiotics. However, these rapidly fermenting oligosaccharides have many drawbacks and can cause diarrhea and flatulence in the body. Hence, the exploration of new prebiotic is of great interest. Besides oligosaccharides, protein hydrolysates have been demonstrated to enhance the expression of beneficial properties of probiotics. Consequently, this paper outlines the mechanism underlying the action of protein hydrolysates on probiotics, as well as the advantageous impacts of proteins hydrolysates derived from various food sources on probiotics. In addition, this paper also reviews the currently reported biological activities of protein hydrolysates. The aim is a theoretical basis for the development and implementation of novel prebiotics.

Ecytonucleospora hepatopenaei n. gen. et comb. (Microsporidia: Enterocytozoonidae): A redescription of the Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (Tourtip et al., 2009), a microsporidian infecting the widely cultivated shrimp Penaeus vannamei.

The microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei from Penaeus vannamei (EHPPv) was redescribed on the basis of spore morphology, life cycle, pathology, and molecular character. Compared with the Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei isolated from Penaeus monodon (EHPPm), described by Tourtip et al. in 2009, new features were found in EHPPv. Electron microscopy demonstrated that EHPPv was closely associated with the nucleus of host cell. The merogony and sporogony phages were in direct contact with the cytoplasm of host cells, whereas some of the sporoblasts and the spores were surrounded by the interfacial envelope. Mature spores of EHPPv were oval and monokaryotic, measuring 1.65 ± 0.15 µm × 0.92 ± 0.05 µm. Spores possessed many polyribosomes around a bipartite polaroplast and the polar filament with 4-5 coils in two rows. Phylogenetic analyses showed all Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei isolates shared a common ancestor. Based on the morphological and molecular analyses, we propose the establishment of a new genus Ecytonucleospora and transferring Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei to the genus Ecytonucleospora, retaining the specific epithet hepatopenaei that Tourtip et al. proposed in recognition of their first research, as the new combination Ecytonucleospora hepatopenaei n. comb. Furthermore, it was suggested Enterospora nucleophila, Enterocytozoon sp. isolate RA19015_21, and Enterocytozoon schreckii be assigned into this new genus.

Awareness of Hospice Care Among Community-Dwelling Elderly Participants.

Background and Purpose: The main goal of hospice care is to improve the quality of life for people who are at the end-of-life phase. However, investigations on the awareness of hospice care among community-dwelling elderly participants are limited. This work aimed to reveal the awareness status of hospice care and explore the factors influencing the awareness rate among elderly participants. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among individuals aged 60 years and above. Results: A total of 4,969 individuals aged 60 years and above were randomly selected from 48 primary medical institutions in Handan. The awareness rate of hospice care in the baseline survey was 19.3% (n = 959). All included individuals were divided into two groups in accordance with their awareness of hospice care. The awareness of hospice care among participants with low educational level, living alone, and afraid of talking about death was low (p < .05). Implications for Practice: The level of awareness of hospice care among community-dwelling elderly participants is low. The influencing factors included educational level, living status, and fear of talking about death. The community-dwelling elderly participants' awareness of hospice care must be improved. It is recommended that public medical education and training should be enhanced to improve knowledge and awareness of hospice care among community-dwelling elderly residents with low educational level, living alone, and afraid of talking about death.

Analysis benefits of a second Allo-HSCT after CAR-T cell therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia who relapsed after transplant.

Background: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has demonstrated high initial complete remission (CR) rates in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) patients, including those who relapsed after transplant. However, the duration of remission requires improvements. Whether bridging to a second allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) after CAR-T therapy can improve long-term survival remains controversial. We retrospectively analyzed long-term follow-up data of B-ALL patients who relapsed post-transplant and received CAR-T therapy followed by consolidation second allo-HSCT to investigate whether such a treatment sequence could improve long-term survival. Methods: A single-center, retrospective study was performed between October 2017 and March 2022, involving 95 patients who received a consolidation second transplant after achieving CR from CAR-T therapy. Results: The median age of patients was 22.8 years (range: 3.3-52.8) at the second transplant. After the first transplant, 71 patients (74.7%) experienced bone marrow relapse, 16 patients (16.8%) had extramedullary relapse, 5 patients (5.3%) had both bone marrow and extramedullary relapse and 3/95 patients (3.2%) had positive minimal residual disease (MRD) only. Patients received autologous (n=57, 60.0%) or allogeneic (n=28, 29.5%) CAR-T cells, while 10 patients (10.5%) were unknown. All patients achieved CR after CAR-T therapy. Before second HSCT, 86 patients (90.5%) were MRD-negative, and 9 (9.5%) were MRD-positive. All second transplant donors were different from the first transplant donors. The median follow-up time was 623 days (range: 33-1901) after the second HSCT. The 3-year overall survival (OS) and leukemia-free survival (LFS) were 55.3% (95%CI, 44.3-66.1%) and 49.8% (95%CI, 38.7-60.9%), respectively. The 3-year relapse incidence (RI) and non-relapse mortality (NRM) were 10.5% (95%CI, 5.6-19.6%) and 43.6% (95%CI, 33.9-56.2%), respectively. In multivariate analysis, the interval from CAR-T to second HSCT ≤90 days was associated with superior LFS(HR, 4.10, 95%CI,1.64-10.24; p=0.003) and OS(HR, 2.67, 95%CI, 1.24-5.74, p=0.012), as well as reduced NRM (HR, 2.45, 95%CI, 1.14-5.24, p=0.021). Conclusions: Our study indicated that CAR-T therapy followed by consolidation second transplant could significantly improve long-term survival in B-ALL patients who relapsed post-transplant. The second transplant should be considered in suitable patients and is recommended to be performed within 90 days after CAR-T treatment.

A study on the effect of nutrition education based on the goal attainment theory on oral nutritional supplementation after colorectal cancer surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate their compliance with postoperative oral nutritional supplementation and nutritional outcomes. METHODS: A total of 84 patients with colorectal cancer surgery with NRS-2002 risk score ≥ 3 who were treated with oral nutritional supplementation were selected and divided into control and observation groups according to the random number table method, with 42 cases in each group. The control group received conventional oral nutritional supplementation and dietary nutrition education; the observation group established a nutrition intervention group based on the Goal Attainment Theory and carried out individualized nutrition education based on the Goal Attainment Theory. The nutritional indicators at 1 day postoperative, 7 days postoperative, oral nutritional supplementation adherence scores at 7 and 14 days postoperative, and the attainment rate of trans-oral nutritional intake at 21 days postoperative were compared between the 2 groups of patients. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the nutritional status indexes of the 2 groups of patients before the intervention, p > 0.05; when comparing the prealbumin of the 2 groups of patients at 7 days postoperatively, the prealbumin level of the patients in the observation group at 7 days postoperatively (200.25 ± 53.25) was better than that of the control group (165.73 ± 43.00), with a p value of 0.002, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Comparison of oral nutritional supplementation adherence scores at 7 and 14 days postoperatively showed that ONS treatment adherence scores were better than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). When comparing the attainment rate of oral nutritional intake at 21 days after surgery, the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Nutritional education based on the Goal Attainment Theory can effectively improve the adherence to oral nutritional supplementation therapy and protein intake attainment rate of colorectal cancer patients after surgery and effectively improve the nutritional status of patients.

Paranasal sinuses opacification on magnetic resonance imaging in relation to brain health in sporadic small vessel disease - Systematic review and pilot analysis.

BACKGROUND: The paranasal sinus mucosal thickening, visible in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), maybe a source of inflammation in microvessels, but its relationship with small vessel disease (SVD) is unclear. We reviewed the literature and analysed a sample of patients with sporadic SVD to identify any association between paranasal sinus opacification severity and SVD neuroimaging markers. METHODS: We systematically reviewed MEDLINE and EMBASE databases up to April 2020 for studies on paranasal sinus mucosal changes in patients with SVD, cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. We analysed clinical and MRI data from 100 participants in a prospective study, the Mild Stroke Study 3 (ISRCTN 12113543) at 1-3, 6 and 12 months following a minor stroke to test key outcomes from the literature review. We used multivariate linear regression to explore associations between modified Lund-Mackay (LM) scores and brain, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), enlarged perivascular spaces (PVS) volumes at each time point, adjusted for baseline age, sex, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension and smoking. RESULTS: The literature review, after screening 3652 publications, yielded 11 primary studies, for qualitative synthesis with contradictory results, as positive associations/higher risk from 5/7 CVD studies were contradicted by the two studies with largest samples, and data from dementia studies was equally split in their outcome. From the pilot sample of patients analysed (female N = 33, mean age 67.42 (9.70) years), total LM scores had a borderline negative association with PVS in the centrum semiovale at baseline and 6 months (B = -0.25, SE = 0.14, p = 0.06) but were not associated with average brain tissue, WMH or normal-appearing white matter volumes. CONCLUSION: The inconclusive results from the literature review and empirical study justify larger studies between PVS volume and paranasal sinuses opacification in patients with sporadic SVD.