Research Progress of Parallel Chart and Its Application in Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国医学伦理学

With the rapid development of modern biomedicine, subjective factors such as human emotion and disease experience are diluted. Accurate data, programmed diagnosis and treatment process and other objective factors cut off the effective communication between doctors and patients, aggravating the already tense doctor-patient relationship and intensifying various conflicts in the clinic. In order to improve clinical humanistic care, medical and nursing workers have launched reflections and explorations. Narrative medicine is a new form of medical humanistic practice, while parallel chart, as an important way of its practice, records patients’ subjective experiences and painful feelings. It is of great theoretical significance and clinical value to sinicize narrative medicine and construct and promote parallel chart in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) by studying the research progress of parallel chart in China and its application in TCM.

Small Airways Disease is a Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

BackgroundThe sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pulmonary structure and function remain incompletely characterized. MethodsAdults with confirmed COVID-19 who remained symptomatic more than thirty days following diagnosis were enrolled and classified as ambulatory, hospitalized or requiring the intensive care unit (ICU) based on the highest level of care received during acute infection. Symptoms, pulmonary function tests and chest computed tomography (CT) findings were compared across groups and to healthy controls. CT images were quantitatively analyzed using supervised machine-learning to measure regional ground glass opacities (GGO) and image-matching to measure regional air trapping. Comparisons were performed using univariate analyses and multivariate linear regression. ResultsOf the 100 patients enrolled, 67 were in the ambulatory group. All groups commonly reported cough and dyspnea. Pulmonary function testing revealed restrictive physiology in the hospitalized and ICU groups but was normal in the ambulatory group. Among hospitalized and ICU patients, the mean percent of total lung classified as GGO was 13.2% and 28.7%, respectively, and was higher than in ambulatory patients (3.7%, P<0.001). The mean percentage of total lung affected by air trapping was 25.4%, 34.5% and 27.2% in the ambulatory, hospitalized and ICU groups and 7.3% in healthy controls (P<0.001). Air trapping measured by quantitative CT correlated with the residual volume to total lung capacity ratio (RV/TLC; {rho}=0.6, P<0.001). ConclusionsAir trapping is present in patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 and is independent of initial infection severity, suggesting obstruction at the level of the small airways. The long-term consequences are not known.

Prevention and control strategies of physical examination and health consultation for apheresis donation during the COVID-19 outbreak / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To discuss the prevention and control strategies of physical examination and health consultation for apheresis donation during the COVID-19 outbreak, and to verify its necessity and efficiency. 【Methods】 A three-stage (Hubei import period, Jan 23 to 31; local(Zhejiang) epidemic period( Feb 1 to Mar 1); overseas import period, Mar 2 to 22) prevention and control strategy for physical examination and health consultation during the COVID-19 outbreak from January 23 to March 22, 2020 was adopted by our center, and the consultation of residence history, contact history, and the investigation of related symptoms were added to health consultation.The deferral rates of health consultation and physical examination during the COVID-19 outbreak were compared with the same period in 2019. The deferral rates in each stage were compared, containing those contributed by first-time and regular apheresis donors. 【Results】 The deferral rates of health consultation during the epidemic period and the same period in 2019 were 2.31%(100/4 371) vs 1.62%(78/4 740) (P0.05) The deferral rate of travel contact history was the highest at 2.05%(40/1947)during local epidemic period, and respiratory symptoms at 1.29%(5/388)during Hubei import period. The deferral rates of blood pressure during the three stages were1.85%(7/378)vs 3.57%(67/1877)vs 4.08(82/2009)(P>0.05). The deferral rate of health consultation and physical examination in first-time and regular apheresis donors were 5.86%(38/649)vs 1.65%(61/3 696)and 5.79%(35/604)vs 3.41%(124/3 635)(P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 The deferral rates of health consultation and physical examination increased significantly during the COVID-19 epidemic. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate and adopt a targeted consultation strategy during the epidemic period to block COVID-19 transmission to the greatest extent.

Practice of three-station intensive animal simulation training of endoscopic submucosal dissection for international trainees / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the value of ex- vivo porcine stomach model for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) training for international trainees. Methods:Fifteen international students received ESD training and learning for twenty days. Firstly, students learned basic theory of ESD and completed a questionnaire. Then they were randomized to receive endoscopic training either on the vitro animal (group A) or on training experience (group B) of the clinical observation. At last, one case was assessed by an experienced endoscopist. The total and step-by-step operating time, complete resection, size of specimen and complications were recorded. All students completed the questionnaire once again. SPSS 20.0 was used for t test and chi-square test. Results:There was significant difference in total ESD operation time between group A and group B ( P<0.05). There were significant differences between the two groups on cutting time and dissection time, but there was no difference on marking time, injection time and operating speed. There was only one case of block resection and perforation in each group. For group A, their mastery and clinic confidence of ESD had been obviously increased after the animal training course. Compared with the operation before the training in group A, it was found that the total time and cutting time of the ESD after the training were also significantly improved. Conclusion:Theory combined with endoscopic training on vitro animal model can make the trainees familiar with the basic theory and master the operational skills, which is helpful and valuable for them to perform ESD in further clinic practice.

Intervention Effect of Shenfu Injection on the Nuclear Translocation of HMGB 1 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 Cells / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To investigate the intervention effect of Shenfu i njection（SFI）on the nuclear translocation of high mobility group box 1（HMGB1） in lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced RAW 264.7 cells. METHODS ： Using LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells as objects ，the histone deacetylase inhibitor RGFP 966 as positive control ，CCK-8 assay was used to screen drug dosage，and the effects of low ，medium and high doses （3，6，12 μL/mL）of SFI on HMGB 1 nuclear translocation in RAW 264.7 cells were observed by immunofluorescence method ；mRNA expression of HMGB 1 in RAW 264.7 cells were detected by real time fluorescent PCR. Western blotting assay was used to determine protein expression of HMGB 1 and Toll-like receptor 4（TLR4）；the expression of HMGB 1 were compared between nucleus and cytoplasm. The levels of HMGB 1，IL-1β and TNF-α in supernatant of cells were detected by ELISA. RESULTS ：In blank control group ，HMGB1 was mainly located in the nucleus ；after LPS induction， HMGB1 migrated from nucleus to cytoplasm. Compared with blank control group ， mRNA and protein （No.81760738） expression of HMGB 1， protein expression of TLR 4 in RAW264.7 cells as well as the levels of HMGB 1，IL-1β and TNF-α in supernatant of cells were increased significantly in LPS group （P＜0.01）. The protein expression of HMGB 1 was decreased significantly in nucleus while was in creased significantly in cytoplasm （P＜0.01）. After SFI treatment ，the nuclear translocation and secretion of HMGB 1 were inhibited in different degrees ；compared with LPS group ，mRNA and protein expression of HMGB 1 in administration groups ，protein expression of TLR 4 in RAW 264.7 cells of positive control group ，SFI medium- and high-dose groups as well as the levels of HMGB 1，IL-1β and TNF-α in supernatant of cells in administration groups were decreased significantly （P＜0.01）. In positive control group ，SFI medium- and high-dose groups ，the protein expressions of HMGB1 in nucleus were increased significantly ，while protein expressions of HMGB 1 in cytoplasm were decreased significantly （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ：SFI may inhibit the nuclear translocation and secretion of HMGB 1 in RAW 264.7 cells，thus avoiding the activation of inflammatory pathways and the production of inflammatory factors ，so as to reduce the inflammatory response induced by LPS.

Influencing factors of postoperative bleeding in endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic mucosal resection for early gastric cancer / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To analyze the possible influencing factors of postoperative bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic mucosal resection ( ESD/EMR) for early gastric cancer. Methods Clinical data of patients receiving ESD/EMR for the diagnosis of early gastric cancer at the Endoscopy Center of Beijing Friendship Hospital from January 2013 to May 2018, including demographic information ( age, gender and history ) , endoscopic lesion characteristics ( tumor size, location and morphology) and postoperative pathological features ( differentiated types and invasive depth) were collected to analyze the effects of these factors on bleeding after ESD/EMR. Results A total of 195 patients with early gastric cancer were included in the study and 9 cases ( 4. 6％) had postoperative bleeding. The medication history of clopidogrel and main lesion sizes were statistically different between postoperative bleeding group and non-bleeding group ( P=0. 018 and P=0. 034 ) . Multivariate analysis showed a history of clopidogrel ( OR=10. 223, 95％CI:1. 143-91. 468, P= 0. 038 ) , multiple lesions ( OR= 6. 412, 95％CI:1. 123-36. 616, P=0. 037) and lesions sizes of larger than 2 cm ( OR=6. 718, 95％CI:1. 130-39. 935, P=0. 036) were possible risk factors for postoperative bleeding. Survival analysis showed of higher postoperative bleeding risks in patients with the history of clopidogrel ( P<0. 001) and lesions sizes of more than 2 cm ( P=0. 022) . Conclusion More attention should be paid to the risk of ESD/EMR postoperative bleeding in early gastric cancer patients with medication history of clopidogrel and multiple large lesions.

Predictors for operation time of endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial gastric lesions / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective@#To investigate the risk factors of operation time of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for superficial gastric lesions.@*Methods@#Clinicopathologic data of 193 patients (195 lesions) diagnosed with early gastric cancer preoperatively who received ESD in Beijing Friendship Hospital from January 2015 to December 2017 were retrospectively collected, including basic information (age, gender, body mass index, comorbidities), lesion characteristics (size, location, morphology), the operators′ experience of ESD, operation time, and postoperative pathology, etc. Univariate analysis was performed to find the risk factors of ESD operation time, and logistic regression analysis was performed on the factors with statistical differences in univariate analysis to find the independent risk factors of ESD operation time over 120 min.@*Results@#The mean age of the patients was 63.34±9.11 years. The median time of ESD operation was 120.00 (95.00, 165.00) min and the median size of the lesions was 1.50 (1.00, 2.38) cm. Early gastric cancer was diagnosed by postoperative pathology in 164 lesions (84.10%), among which 162 lesions (98.78%) achieved en bloc resection, and 148 lesions (90.24%) achieved curative resection. The gender (P=0.018), location(P<0.001) and size (r=0.209, P=0.007) were risk factors of the operation time by univariate analysis, while age, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, roughness of lesion surface, presence or absence of white moss and ulcer, depth of lesion invasion, operative period, gross shape of lesion, degree of differentiation, and experience of operator were not associated with operation time (all P>0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the lesion located in cardia/fundus of stomach (OR=5.656, 95%CI: 2.291-13.964, P<0.001), body of stomach (OR=2.667, 95%CI: 1.048-6.785, P=0.040) and >2 cm in size (OR=2.761, 95%CI: 1.229-6.205, P=0.014) were independent risk factors for the operation time longer than 120 min.@*Conclusion@#Lesions located in the cardia/fundus, body of stomach and >2 cm in size are independent risk factors for long operation time of ESD.

Evaluation of endoscopic submucosal dissection and surgery in the diagnosis and treatment of early gastric cancer / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective@#To compare the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) and surgery in the treatment of early gastric cancer.@*Methods@#Clinical data of patients with early gastric cancer who received ESD or surgery in Beijing Friendship Hospital from June 2012 to May 2018 were collected. Complete resection rate, complication incidence, hospital stay and expenses between the two groups were compared.@*Results@#There was no significant difference between two groups in complete resection rate[95.7%(245/256) VS 99.0%(97/98), P=0.191], or the complication incidence [5.9%(15/256) VS 8.2%(8/98), P=0.471]. Hospital stay was shorter in the ESD group than that in the surgery group(11.5±3.7 d VS 19.4±13.0 d, P=0.000). Expenses were less in the ESD group than those in the surgery group (27 383.1±10 143.0 yuan VS 78 004.3±79 027.8 yuan, P=0.000).@*Conclusion@#The efficacy and safety of ESD are comparable with surgery in the treatment of early gastric cancer, but ESD is superior to surgery in hospital stay and expenses.

Improvement and Anti-inflammation Mechanism of Shenfu Injection on Lung Tissue in Endotoxin Shock Model Rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To study the improvement and anti-inflammation mechanism of Shenfu injection on lung tissue of endotoxin shock model rats. METHODS： Totally 48 rats were randomized into control group，model group，dexamethasone group （positive control，1 mg/kg） and Shenfu injection low-dose，medium-dose and high-dose groups （5，10，15 mL/kg），with 8 rats in each group. Except for normal group， other groups were given intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide （LPS） to induce endotoxin shock model. After modeling， each group was given relevant medicine once intraperitoneally. 24 h after medication， HE staining was used to observe pathological changes of lung tissue in rats and pathological scoring was conducted. RT-PCR was used to determine mRNA levels of P65 and P50 proteins related to NF-κB signaling pathway. Western blot assay was used to determine the expression levels of P65 and P50 proteins in lung tissue， and the expression levels of P65 protein in nucleus and cytoplasm of lung tissue were also determined. The level of TNF-α in plasma in rats were determined by ELISA. RESULTS： Compared with control group， alveolar septum became thicker， obvious vascular engorgement was found， and a large number of neutrophils infiltrated the interstitium in model group. Histopathological score， mRNA and protein expression levels of P65 and P50 in lung tissues were increased significantly （P＜0.01 or P＜0.001）； the protein expression of levels P65 in nucleus and cytoplasm and level of TNF-α in plasma were increased significantly （P＜0.001）. Compared with model group， alveolar structure of rats in dexamethasone group and Shenfu injection medium-dose and high-dose groups was complete， no obvious bleeding was observed， and the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration was improved significantly. Histopathological score， mRNA and protein expression levels of P65 and P50 in lung tissue and level of TNF-α in plasma were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 or P＜0.001）. The protein expression level of P65 in nucleus and cytoplasm of lung tissue were decreased significantly in dexamethasone group and Shenfu injection low-dose and medium-dose groups were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 or P＜0.001）. CONCLUSIONS： Shenfu injection can decrease mRNA and protein expression levels of P65 and P50 in lung tissue， level of TNF-α in plasma， and protect lung tissue of endotoxin shock rats.

Test-retest Reliability of Isokinetic Test for Hip Concentric Flexion and Extension / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate the reliability of isokinetic test for concentric flexion and extension of hip joint. Methods From September, 2014 to June, 2015, 30 healthy young people accepted isokinetic test for concentric flexion and extension of hip twice with the same procedure and method within a week. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of peak torque, peak torque to body weight, total work, total work to body weight and average power between the two tests was calculated. Results The ICCs were above 0.70 in all the parameters on both sides at 60°/s (P < 0.01). Meanwhile they were above 0.61 of right hip at 180°/s (P < 0.05), but below 0.55 on left (P > 0.05). Conclusion The isokinetic test for hip is reliable for clinical assessment.

[Effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide on MC3T3-E1 osteoblast apoptosis and autophagy induced by serum starvation].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on apoptosis and autophagy of mouse MC3T3-E1 osteoblast and their interaction and to further clarify protective mechanism of CGRP on osteoblasts. METHODS: MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts of mouse were cultured in vitro. Western blot and flow cytometry were used to detect expressions of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and P62 protein of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts cultured with serum culture and serum-free (serum starvation) culture. Western blot was also used to detect expressions of LC3 and P62 protein of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cultured at different concentrations (10⁻¹°, 10⁻9, 10⁻8, and 10⁻7 mol·L⁻¹) or without added CGRP. MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were treated with 10⁻8 mol·L⁻¹ CGRP at different times (2, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h), protein expression levels of LC3 were assessed by Western blot and flow cytometry, and changes in autophagosome in cells were detected by monodansylcadaverin staining. Autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) was used to pretreat MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. Cells were then treated with or without CGRP for 24 h. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis level. RESULTS: Under serum starvation conditions, LC3Ⅱ expression and apoptosis of osteoblasts increased compared with that of serum culture. Under 3-MA pretreatment and serum starvation conditions, LC3Ⅱ expression of osteoblasts increased compared with that of serum culture (P<0.01). Compared with serum culture, serum starvation culture with or without CGRP significantly increased expression level of LC3 and reduced expression level of P62. LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ of osteoblasts was the highest under serum starvation and 10⁻8 mol·L⁻¹ CGRP conditions. Serum starvation and 10⁻8 mol·L⁻¹ CGRP culture inhibited apoptosis of osteoblasts and promoted synthesis of autophagosome. Apoptosis of osteoblasts increased after 3-MA pretreatment, and CGRP reversed inhibitory effects of 3-MA CGRP on apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: CGRP can increase autophagy of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts under serum starvation conditions. CGRP may also inhibit apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts by promoting autophagy.
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A comprehensive retrospective study of the seroprevalence of H9N2 avian influenza viruses in occupationally exposed populations in China.

The H9N2 avian influenza virus circulates worldwide, predominantly in poultry. Its increasing infectivity and adaptation in poultry and mammals have enhanced the possibility of human infection. However, H9N2 human cases are difficult to detect due to their mild clinical symptoms. Serological study is valuable for risk assessment. A total of 15,700 serum samples were collected from occupationally exposed populations in 22 provinces of China and tested using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and microneutralization (MN) assays. The sera positive rate of A/Guangzhou/333/99 (G9) was significantly higher than that of A/quail/Hong Kong/G1/97 (G1) (p<0.0001). The seroprevalences of H9N2 were significantly higher in live poultry market workers, large-scale poultry farmers and backyard farmers than in poultry slaughtering factory workers and wild bird habitant workers. The seroprevalences of A/Guangzhou/333/99 (G9) (3.42%) and A/quail/Hong Kong/G1/97 (G1) (1.37%) in Southern China were significantly higher than those in Northern China (p<0.001). The seroprevalence was highest in the elderly, followed by adults and then youths. Our results indicate that subclinical human infection with H9N2 avian influenza virus is widely distributed in China. Longer poultry exposure might contribute to the higher seroprevalence in the elderly group. The higher seroprevalence observed in Southern China than in Northern China might be caused by a higher poultry density.

Preparation and identification of influenza H1N1 subtype vaccine candidate strain in China / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#Influenza H1N1 subtype vaccine candidate strains from a 2015—2016 year epidemic strain in China were prepared and identified by themethod of classical reassortment.@*Methods@#The influenza H1N1 epidemic strain and H3N2 high-yield reassortant parental strain (X-157) were mixed and inoculated into embryonated chicken eggs by the classical reassortmentmethod . The negative selection of mixed culture virus was carried out with the antiserum of H3 protein and the antiserum of X-157 strain. Real-time PCRmethod was used to test the HA and NA genes. Restriction enzyme digestionmethod was used to identify the internal genes. HA and NA genes of selected strains were sequenced. The strain which HA and NA genes possessed the same amino acid constitution with the wild type virus was selected and immunized to ferret. Two-way test was carried out.@*Results@#Five strains with expected HA and NA genes were selected by real-time PCR. Internal genes were identified, with 4 strains had 6+ 2 constitution, 1 strain had 5+ 3 constitution. Comparing with the wild type virus, HA and NA genes of the 5 strains had no mutation. HA titer of reassortant strains was above 1 024. HI titer of the selected NO.12 reassortment strain reached 5 120, and two-way test was passed. The yield of reassortant strain was 64 times that of the wild type strain.@*Conclusions@#A circulating influenza A (H1N1) strain of influenza A (2015—2016) was successfully prepared in China and laid the foundation for vaccine storage and disease prevention and control.

[Protective effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide against oxidative damage in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts].

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to observe the protective effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), as well as its potential mechanism, against oxidative damage in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. METHODS: 1) MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were treated with different hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations (10⁻¹, 10⁻², 10⁻³, 10⁻4, and 10⁻5 mol·L⁻¹) for 12, 24, 36, and 48 h to build an oxidative damage model, to determine cell proliferation activity in each group by using CCK-8 assay, and to determine the optimal modeling concentration. MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were pretreated for 1 h with different CGRP concentrations (10⁻6, 10⁻7, 10⁻8, 10⁻9, and 10⁻¹° mol·L⁻¹) followed by treatment with H2O2 (10⁻4 mol·L⁻¹). After 12, 24, 36, and 48 h, the CGRP expression and activity of osteoblasts were detected using the CCK-8 method to determine the optimal CGRP concentration that provides the best protective effect against oxidative damage. 2) Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, and the levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1ß, and IL-6 of the groups treated with CGRP, H2O2, CGRP+H2O2 were determined. RESULTS: 1) Compared with the control group, treatment with 10⁻4 mol·L⁻¹ H2O2 significantly started to inhibite the proliferation of osteoblasts (P<0.01) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Compared with 10⁻4 mol·L⁻¹ H2O2 group, pretreatment with 10⁻8 mol·L⁻¹ CGRP significantly increased the proliferation of osteoblasts (P<0.01). 2) Compared with H2O2 group, CGRP+H2O2 group significantly increased the SOD activity (P<0.01), ROS content significantly decreased (P<0.01), TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6 secretion significantly decreased (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: H2O2 can cause oxidative damage to MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts, whereas CGRP exerts protective effect against oxidative damage in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts.

Protective effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide against oxidative damage in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study aimed to observe the protective effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), as well as its potential mechanism, against oxidative damage in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>1) MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were treated with different hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) concentrations (10⁻¹, 10⁻², 10⁻³, 10⁻⁴, and 10⁻⁵ mol·L⁻¹) for 12, 24, 36, and 48 h to build an oxidative damage model, to determine cell proliferation activity in each group by using CCK-8 assay, and to determine the optimal modeling concentration. MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were pretreated for 1 h with different CGRP concentrations (10⁻⁶, 10⁻⁷, 10⁻⁸, 10⁻⁹, and 10⁻¹⁰ mol·L⁻¹) followed by treatment with H₂O₂ (10⁻⁴ mol·L⁻¹). After 12, 24, 36, and 48 h, the CGRP expression and activity of osteoblasts were detected using the CCK-8 method to determine the optimal CGRP concentration that provides the best protective effect against oxidative damage. 2) Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, and the levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 of the groups treated with CGRP, H₂O₂, CGRP+H₂O₂ were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1) Compared with the control group, treatment with 10⁻⁴ mol·L⁻¹ H₂O₂ significantly started to inhibite the proliferation of osteoblasts (P<0.01) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Compared with 10⁻⁴ mol·L⁻¹ H₂O₂ group, pretreatment with 10⁻⁸ mol·L⁻¹ CGRP significantly increased the proliferation of osteoblasts (P<0.01). 2) Compared with H₂O₂ group, CGRP+H₂O₂ group significantly increased the SOD activity (P<0.01), ROS content significantly decreased (P<0.01), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 secretion significantly decreased (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>H₂O₂ can cause oxidative damage to MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts, whereas CGRP exerts protective effect against oxidative damage in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts.</p>

Preparation and Identification of High Immunogenic A/PR/8/34 Maternal Strain HA Protein for Influenza Virus Classical Reassortment / 病毒学报

Preparation of maternal strain A/PR/8/34 HA antiserum for influenza virus classical reassortment. A/PR/8/34 virus was digested by bromelain after inactivation and purification. 5%-20% sucrose continuous density gradient centrifugation method was used to purify HA protein. SIRD method was used to select the target protein. SDS-PAGE method was used to identified HA protein. High Immunogenic A/PR/8/34 HA protein was successfully prepared and HI titer reached 10240. High purity HA antiserum was identified by SIRD method. The key reagent in the classical reassortment of influenza virus was prepared, and the complete set of technical methods were explored, which laid the foundation for the independent research and development of seasonal influenza vaccine strains of China.

Virological characteristics of influenza A (H3N2) virus in mainland China during 2013-2014 / 病毒学报

To analyze the antigenic and genetic characteristics of the influenza A (H3N2) virus in mainland China during the surveillance year of 2013-2014, the antigenic characteristics of H3N2 virus were analyzed using reference ferret anti-sera. The nucleotide sequences of the viruses were determined by Sanger dideoxy sequencing, phylogenetic trees were constructed with the neighbor-joining method, and the genetic characteristics of the viruses were determined in comparison to current vaccine strains. The results showed that most of the H3N2 viruses were antigenically closely related to the A/Victoria/361/2011 vaccine strain cell-propagated prototype virus (99.6%). Using the A/Texas/50/2012 egg isolate as the reference antigen, 15.1% of the viruses were found to be closely antigenically related to it, while 11.9% of strains were closely antigenically related to the egg-propagated epidemic strain, A/Shanghai-Changning/1507/2012. Phylogenetic analysis of HA genes indicated that the A(H3N2) viruses in this surveillance year were in the same clade, but no drug resistant mutation was identified in the NA genes. During the 2013-2014 influenza surveillance year, no significant genetic change was detected in either the HA or NA genes of the A(H3N2) viruses, while significant mutations were found in egg isolates resulting from their adaptation during propagation in eggs. The antigenic and genetic changes should be investigated in a timely manner to enable the selection of an appropriate vaccine strain in China.

Susceptibility of Influenza B Viruses to Neuraminidase Inhibitors Isolated during 2013-2014 Influenza Season in Mainland China / 病毒学报

Data based on the antiviral-resistant phenotyping characteristics of 884 influenza B viruses circulating in mainland China from October 2013 to March 2014 were analyzed to assess the susceptibility of influenza B viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors. All 884 viruses were sensitive to oseltamivir; two viruses (0.23%) had reduced sensitivity to zanamivir and all other viruses were sensitive to zanamivir. Among the 38 viruses with a B/Victoria lineage, B/Shandong-Kuiwen/1195/2014 exhibited a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for zanamivir that was elevated by 5. 12-fold (1.78 nM) compared with neuraminidase inhibitors sensitive to the reference virus (0.34 nM), suggesting that it exhibited reduced inhibition by zanamivir. D35G, N59D and S402T (39, 64 and 399 with N2 number) amino-acid substitutions in the NA gene were detected with no previously reported antiviral-resistant substitutions. Among viruses with the 846 B/Yamagata lineage, B/Hunan-Lingling/350/2013 exhibited a 7.99-fold elevated IC50 for zanamivir (2.72 nM) compared with neuraminidase inhibitors sensitive to the reference virus (0.34 nM), suggesting that it exhibited reduced inhibition by zanamivir. D197N (N2 number), a previously reported antiviral resistant-related amino-acid substitution in the NA gene, was detected in B/Hunan-Lingling/350/2013. These data suggest that recently circulating influenza B viruses in mainland China have retained susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors.

Susceptibility of human influenza A (H3N2) viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors isolated during 2011-2012 in China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the susceptibility of influenza A (H3N2) viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors during 2011-2012 in Mainland China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All the tested viruses were obtained from the Chinese National Influenza Surveillance Network, which covers 31 provinces in mainland China, including 408 network laboratories and 554 sentinel hospitals. In total 1 903 viruses were selected with isolation date from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2012 in Mainland China, among these viruses, 721 were confirmed to be influenza A (H3N2) virus by Chinese National Influenza Center and tested for the susceptibility to oseltamivir and zanamivir using chemiluminescence-based assay. The neuraminidase inhibitor sensitive reference virus A/Washington/01/2007 (119E) and oseltamivir resistant virus A/Texas/12/2007 (E119V) were used as control in this study. The t -test was used to compare the difference of NAI susceptibility of viruses isolated from different years.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of A/Washington/01/2007 for oseltamivir and zanamivir was (0.10 ± 0.02) and (0.30 ± 0.05) nmol/L, respectively. The IC₅₀ of A/Texas/12/2007 for oseltamivir and zanamivir was (4.27 ± 1.60) and (0.20 ± 0.03) nmol/L, respectively. Among the 721 influenza A (H3N2) viruses, 132 influenza A (H3N2) viruses were isolated in 2011 and 589 influenza A (H3N2) viruses were isolated in 2012. The IC50 for oseltamivir ranged from 0.04 to 0.62 nmol/L for viruses isolated in 2011 and ranged from 0.02 to 0.95 nmol/L for viruses in 2012, and the IC₅₀ of all the viruses tested was within 10-fold IC₅₀ (1.0 nmol/L) of the neuraminidase inhibitor sensitive reference virus A/Washington/01/2007. The IC50 of zanamivir ranged from 0.12 to 0.80 nmol/L for viruses in 2011 and ranged from 0.04 to 0.72 nmol/L for viruses in 2012, and was within 10-fold IC₅₀ (3.0 nmol/L) of the neuraminidase inhibitor sensitive reference virus A/Washington/01/2007.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The influenza A(H3N2) viruses isolated during 2011-2012 in Mainland China were tested to be sensitive to oseltamivir and zanamivir.</p>

The clinical study of citalopram on affective disorder after cerebral infarction / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate efficacy of citalopram on pathological crying after cerebral infarction.Methods 106 patients with pathological crying after cerebral infarction were randomly divided into two groups,treatment group(54 cases) and control group(52 cases).Control group received conventional treatment of cerebrovascular disease.Treatment group taken citalopraml0-20mg orally one time per day for three months based on conventional treatment.The total response rate,effectual time,and Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS) scores were compared between two groups after treatment.Results There were significant differences in total response rates (94.4％ and 38.5％,respectively),effectual time(1.98 ± 1.24 and 78 ± 17.95,respectively) and HDS(8.43 ±2.21 and 6.24 ±2.02,respectively) between treatment group and control group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The study suggests that it is effective to treat pathological crying with citalopram and its effect is quick.Citalopram can not only control patient’s pathological crying,but also improve cognitive function.