RESUMO
BACKGROUND: An increasing incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is being reported in developing countries, including India. Most Indian studies on CRC are retrospective and single-centered. The present study is an attempt to understand the current clinical profile and stage of newly diagnosed CRCs across multiple centers in Tamil Nadu, India. METHODS: A multi-centric observational survey was conducted between September 1, 2021, and August 31, 2022, under the aegis of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology - Tamil Nadu chapter. Patients 18 years of age and older with a recent diagnosis of CRC fulfilling the inclusion criteria were prospectively recruited at the participating centers. Their demographic, clinical, biochemical, endoscopic, histopathologic, radiologic and risk factor details were systematically collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Across 23 centers in Tamil Nadu, 1208 patients were recruited. The male:female ratio was 1.49:1, while mean (SD) age was 57.7 (13.5) years. A majority (81.9%) were Tamils and 78.5% belonged to lower socioeconomic classes. The predominant symptoms were hematochezia (30.2%) and a change in bowel habits (27.5%). The most common locations were the rectum (34.3%) and rectosigmoid (15.1%). Synchronous CRCs were seen in 3.3% and synchronous colorectal polyps in 12.8%. Predisposing factors for CRC were seen in 2%. A past history of any cancer among CRC patients was obtained in 3.1% and a family history of any cancer was found in 7.6%. Patients who were either overweight or obese constituted 46.4% of the study population. At presentation, the predominant stages were stage III (44.7%) and stage IV (20.8%). CONCLUSIONS: A majority of patients with newly diagnosed CRC in Tamil Nadu belonged to the lower socioeconomic classes. About 60% had CRCs located within the reach of the flexible sigmoidoscope. Two-thirds of the patients exceeded stage II disease at presentation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not applicable.
RESUMO
The novel co-precipitation technique has been employed to create the manganese ferrite nanoparticle. The prepared sample was annealed for various temperatures 400 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C. Based on TG/DT analysis the optimal temperature was found to be 700 °C and further additional analysis was performed for the sample annealed at 700 °C. Their morphology and properties were determined using SEM, HR-TEM, EDX, FTIR, XPS, BET, and CV techniques. Using the X-ray diffraction technique, the prepared sample's structural characteristics were demonstrated. The SEM as well as HR-TEM images showed the nanoparticles had a roughly spherical shape. The EDX analysis confirmed the presence of the elements Fe, O, and Mn in the sample; there was no evidence of contamination by other elements. The specific surface area of the nanoparticles was estimated by BET analysis, which provides details of the material's porosity and surface area. The binding energy of the sample was estimated using XPS measurements, which provide details on the composition and chemical states of the individual elements. By using cyclic voltammetry, the nanoparticles' electrochemical characteristics were evaluated. For a reduced scan rate of 2 mVs-1, the specific capacitance value was discovered to be 341 Fg-1, confirming their suitability for super capacitor applications.
