Solution and gas-phase acidities of all-trans (all-E) retinoic acid: an experimental and computational study.

Retinoic acid is of fundamental biological importance. Its acidity was determined in the gas phase and in acetonitrile solution by means of mass spectrometry and UV/Vis spectrophotometry, respectively. The intrinsic acidity is slightly higher than that of benzoic acid. In solution, the situation is opposite. The experimental systems were described theoretically applying quantum chemical methods (wave function theory and density functional theory). This allowed the determination of the molecular structure of the acid and its conjugate base, both in vacuo and in solution, and for computational estimates of its acidity in both phases.

Fluoro- and perfluoralkylsulfonylpentafluoroanilides: synthesis and characterization of NH acids for weakly coordinating anions and their gas-phase and solution acidities.

Fluoro- and perfluoralkylsulfonyl pentafluoroanilides [HN(C6F5)(SO2X); X = F, CF3, C4F9, C8F17] are a class of imides with two different strongly electron-withdrawing substituents attached to a nitrogen atom. They are NH acids, the unsymmetrical hybrids of the well-known symmetrical bissulfonylimides and bispentafluorophenylamine. The syntheses, the structures of these perfluoroanilides, their solvates, and some selected lithium salts give rise to a structural variety beyond the symmetrical parent compounds. The acidities of representative subsets of these novel NH acids have been investigated experimentally and quantum-chemically and their gas-phase acidities (GAs) are reported, as well as the pKa values of these compounds in acetonitrile (MeCN) and DMSO solution. In quantum chemical investigations with the vertical and relaxed COSMO cluster-continuum models (vCCC/rCCC), the unusual situation is encountered that the DMSO-solvated acid Me2SO-H-N(SO2CF3)2, optimized in the gas phase (vCCC model), dissociates to Me2SO-H(+)-N(SO2CF3)2(-) during structural relaxation and full optimization with the solvation model turned on (rCCC model). This proton transfer underlines the extremely high acidity of HN(SO2CF3)2. The importance of this effect is studied computationally in DMSO and MeCN solution. Usually this effect is less pronounced in MeCN and is of higher importance in the more basic solvent DMSO. Nevertheless, the neglect of the structural relaxation upon solvation causes typical changes in the computational pKa values of 1 to 4 orders of magnitude (4-20 kJ mol(-1)). The results provide evidence that the published experimental DMSO pKa value of HN(SO2CF3)2 should rather be interpreted as the pKa of a Me2SO-H(+)-N(SO2CF3)2(-) contact ion pair.