Child perceptions questionnaire: translation, cultural adaptation and initial validation in a Greek adolescent population with malocclusion.

PURPOSE: Several studies have shown that orthodontic anomalies may affect young people's Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL). The purpose the present study was to translate in the Greek language, culturally adapt and initially validate the CPQ11-14 ISF-16 for a Greek adolescent population with malocclusion. METHODS: Following relevant methodological recommendations, after translation, the comprehensiveness of the Greek version of CPQ11-14 ISF-16 (CPQ11-14 ISF-16-GR) was verified in a pilot study of 20 Greek adolescents. The main study was undertaken in a sample of 200 adolescents that presented for an initial consultation at the Postgraduate Orthodontic Clinic. Cronbach's alpha was used to test internal consistency/reliability and Spearman's rho for criterion validity with the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). Forty individuals completed the same questionnaires again after 3 weeks. Test-retest reliability was assessed using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient. Statistical tests were undertaken using SPSS (v. 24, IBM Corp., NY, USA). RESULTS: The CPQ11-14 ISF-16-GR presented high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.848 > 0.70) and very satisfactory Discrimination Index (DI = 0.47 > 0.30). Moreover, the CPQ11-14ISF-16 showed excellent criterion validity with OHIP-14 (rho = 0.719, p < 0.001). Test-retest reliability was at high levels as well (ICC = 0.719, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The CPQ11-14 ISF-16-GR exhibits satisfactory psychometric properties to continue the investigation of OHRQoL in Greek adolescents with malocclusion. Further testing of is required in a variety of environments to increase generalizability and investigate the particular characteristics of CPQ application in malocclusion cases.

Bisphosphonates as Supplement to Dental Treatment: A Network Meta-Analysis.

The objective of this study was to assess clinical measurements related to the effectiveness of bisphosphonate (BP) administration as a supplement to conventional dental treatment in patients free of bone-related diseases using a network meta-analysis. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included that provided dental clinical measurements on human patients treated with BPs with or without similar untreated controls or treated with placebo. Information sources included a systematic search of 17 electronic databases up to August 2020, complemented by manual searches. Risk of bias assessment was performed with the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0). Extracted measurements were pooled according to time of evaluation. The random-effects model by DerSimonian and Laird was used to calculate mean differences (MDs) and the respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Seven RCTs were included in the network meta-analysis, assessing 391 subjects reporting on periodontal treatment effects after 2 to 12 mo of BP administration. BP treatment was associated with significant improvement of most clinical measurements, compared with BP-naive controls. According to the network ranking, alendronate was more efficient in improvement of probing depth and clinical attachment gain when compared to zoledronate or alendronate/risedronate. Similarly, the local application of alendronate as a gel was more effective than the oral administration. A long-term analysis of the pharmaceutical effects was not possible due to insufficient data. The current review, performed according to existing guidelines, included only RCTs and, through appropriate statistical analyses, provided precise estimates for most assessed outcomes. However, no adverse effects or long-term treatment results were analyzed due to inadequate pertinent data. BP administration seems to be beneficial in the short term for the treatment of periodontal diseases, mainly through controlling periodontal inflammation.

Transient oral microflora in Greeks attending day centres for the elderly and residents in homes for the elderly.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the isolation frequency and the carriage of yeasts, Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus and Enterococcus species in oral samples from elderly Greeks living alone or in institutions. BACKGROUND: Ageing may promote changes in the oral ecosystem, which lead to colonisation of the mouth by microbes found less commonly or only transiently in younger subjects. Previous studies indicate a geographical variation in the isolation frequency of such bacteria in elderly populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical and dental records were obtained from 66 attenders at elderly people's day centres (EPDC), and 82 residents of elderly people's homes (EPH), 66-95 years old. Mucosa smear samples were cultured on appropriate media for enumeration of the above species. Microbial identification was performed by conventional microbiological tests. The results were analysed using the Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), ANOVA and other traditional statistical tests. RESULTS: No statistically significant association was found between the place of residence and the wearing of dentures. The isolation frequencies of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus and Enterobacteriaceae species were 21.6, 20.3 and 7.4% respectively. MCA, and further statistical analysis, revealed that the place of residence affected the isolation frequency of years (54.9% in EPH vs. 37.9% in EPDC). Moreover, ANOVA showed that living in EPH increased the carriage of yeasts. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly Greeks exhibit a moderate to high oral carriage of transient bacteria compared with other elderly populations. Living in EPH seems to increase both the isolation frequency and carriage of yeasts.

Treatment management of first permanent molars in children with Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation.

AIM: To study the treatment management of first permanent molars in children with Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. METHODS: The records of the clientele of a private paediatric dental practice were scanned. Thirty-six cases of children fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of MIH were retrieved who had been followed for a mean period of 4.5 years, and 36 children of matching age and gender, and with similar follow-up period, were randomly selected from the same clientele to serve as controls. RESULTS: Children in the MIH group exhibited greater DMFS and smaller dmfs scores. The frequency of restorative intervention was greater in children of the MIH group (OREST=11.00, 95% C.I. 2.85-42.45). Stainless-steel crowns had been placed only on MIH group molars. The follow-up records revealed that only restorations in the MIH group needed retreatment. Fillings and sealants in the MIH group had a greater probability of needing retreatment than in the control group (OREST=3.10, 95% C.I. 1.60-6.01). CONCLUSIONS: Children affected by MIH may need to undergo a significant amount of restorative treatment at an early age. Moreover, fillings and sealants in MIH affected children have a greater probability of needing retreatment than in control group children.

Nager syndrome (preaxial acrofacial dysostosis): a case report.

The Nager syndrome is a rare condition associated with craniofacial malformations such as micrognathia, zygomatic hypoplasia, cleft palate, and preaxial limb deformities. This report features a case of the Nager syndrome occurring in a 4-year-old boy showing microdontia, thumb duplication and radioulnar synostosis, and ventricular septum defect, characteristics not usually encountered in the published cases.

Tooth transpositions associated with dental anomalies and treatment management in a sample of orthodontic patients.

The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of tooth transpositions in a sample of orthodontic patients, describe the accompanying anomalies and report on the management and therapeutic outcome. Overall, the male to female ratio was 4:3, left side predominance was evident, and there was a high incidence of associated dental anomalies. Attempts to correct tooth order usually resulted in untoward effects on periodontal tissues. Consequently, individual anatomical conditions may be decisive in successful clinical management of such cases.

A review on peri-implant crevicular fluid assays potential in monitoring and predicting peri-implant tissue responses.

The early and reliable detection of any adverse peri-implant tissue reaction is a prerequisite for treatment planning in patients treated with endosseous dental implants. However, traditional periodontal markers allow only the documentation of the severity of the preexisting destruction. Thus, simple and reliable clinical tests for monitoring peri-implant tissue condition are needed. As the peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) is an osmotically mediated inflammatory exudate, changes in flow rate and profile occur according to the condition of the peri-implant tissues. Consequently, peri-implant crevicular fluid analysis may help in detecting early metabolic and biochemical lesions not readily discernible, as well as in monitoring the osseointegration process and the bone response to occlusal loading, thereby improving the long-term success of implants. The purpose of this paper was to review current information on PICF flow rate and profile changes under various clinical conditions and investigate whether specific PICF assays could be useful in the assessment, monitoring and prediction of peri-implant tissue responses.