Assessing the effect of selenium on cyclin D1 level and nuclear factor kappa b activity in NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells at 2100 MHz electromagnetic field exposure.

Although there are numerous studies on the health impacts of electromagnetic field (EMF) of mobile phone operation frequency 2100 MHz, the published works present contradicting results. Long-term exposure to mobile phone frequencies has unclear health hazards. Therefore, it is important to investigate the molecular mechanism of possible biological effects in mobile phone exposure and to determine the corresponding biological markers. Towards this end, this study was designed to assess the effect of 200 nM selenium (Se) on cell viability% [trypan blue], cell cycle biomarker [cyclin D1] and the transcription factor [nuclear factor kappa b (NF-κB)] in NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells when exposed to 2100 MHz mobile phone frequency. When 2100 MHz EMF was exposed to NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells, the cell viability% was reduced, whereas cyclin D1 level and NF-kB activity increased. Also we show that Se supplementation decreases the effects of 2100 MHz EMF on these parameters. Although future studies will be required to investigate the biological effects of EMF emitted by mobile phones, the results obtained here provide an insight into the molecular mechanisms and specifically underlying selenium's protective effect against 2100 MHz EMF exposure.

A rare condition: Ectopic liver tissue with its unique blood supply encountered during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

INTRODUCTION: Developmental abnormalities of liver including ectopic liver tissue (ELT) are rare conditions. Few cases presenting ELT have been reported in literature till now. Even though the most common area seen is gallbladder, it is detected both abdominal and thoracic sites. There is a relationship between HCC and ectopic liver that necessitates the removal. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 51-year-old female was hospitalized because of abdominal pain. Gallstone and bile duct dilatation were determined during ultrasonographic (USG) evaluation. The patient was operated for cholecystectomy following a successful endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). During operation, a mass located on gallbladder with its unique vascular support was identified and resected together with gallbladder. The mass had a separate vascular stalk arising from liver parenchyma substance and it was clipped with laparoscopic staples. The histopathological examination revealed that the mass adherent to gallbladder was ectopic liver confirming the intraoperative observation. The postoperative course of patient was uneventfull and she was discharged at the second day after the operation. DISCUSSION: Ectopic liver tissue is incidentally found both in abdominal and thoracic cavity. ELT can rarely be diagnosed before surgical procedures or autopsies. It can be overlooked easily by radiological techniques. Although it does not usually produce any symptom clinically, it can rarely result in serious complications such as bleeding, pyloric and portal vein obstruction. ELT also has the capacity of malignant transformation to hepatocellular carcinoma that makes it essential to be removed. CONCLUSION: Although ELT is rarely seen, it should be removed when recognized in order to prevent the complications and malignant transformation.

Acute Psychotic Symptoms due to Benzydamine Hydrochloride Abuse with Alcohol.

Benzydamine hydrochloride is a locally acting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Benzydamine hydrochloride overdose can cause stimulation of central nervous system, hallucinations, and psychosis. We presented a young man with psychotic symptoms due to benzydamine hydrochloride abuse. He received a total dose of 1000 mg benzydamine hydrochloride with alcohol for its hallucinative effects. Misuse of benzydamine hydrochloride must be considered in differential diagnosis of first-episode psychosis and physicians should consider possibility of abuse in prescribing.

Replacing an anterior metal-ceramic restoration with an all-ceramic resin-bonded fixed partial denture: a case report.

Since the first resin-bonded fixed partial denture was described, this adhesive technique for splinting mobile teeth has developed into a conservative method for replacing missing teeth. Heat-pressed all-ceramic materials have been introduced for the fabrication of 3-unit fixed partial dentures in the anterior and premolar region. This clinical report describes the replacement of a conventional partial coverage metal-ceramic resin-bonded fixed partial denture with an all-ceramic resin-bonded fixed partial denture in the anterior maxillary area.

Bond strength between root dentin and three glass-fiber post systems.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Glass-fiber posts were introduced for use after endodontic therapy instead of metal alloy and ceramic posts. There are several new types of glass-fiber post systems available, but little is known about how well these posts bond to the root surface. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the bond strengths of 3 different types of glass-fiber post systems-opaque, translucent, and electrical glass-in 3 different locations of prepared post spaces. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty human intact single-rooted extracted teeth were used. The root canals were prepared using a step-back technique and obturated with gutta-percha using lateral condensation. The roots were divided into 3 experimental groups and further divided into 2 subgroups according to testing time (n=10). Roots were restored with 1 of the following post systems according to the manufacturer's instructions: opaque glass-fiber posts (Snowpost), translucent glass-fiber posts (FiberMaster), and electrical glass-fiber posts (Everstick). A self-etching primer (Clearfil Liner Bond) was applied to the walls of the post spaces, allowed to etch for 30 seconds, and gently air dried. A dual-polymerized bonding agent (Clearfil Liner Bond, Bond A and B) was then applied to the same walls. A dual-polymerizing resin luting agent (Panavia F) was mixed for 20 seconds and then placed in the post spaces using a lentulo spiral instrument. The roots were placed in light-protected cylinders; then the light source was placed directly on the flat cervical tooth surfaces and the cement was polymerized. Specimens were stored in light-proof boxes for 24 hours or 1 week after the polymerization procedure. Each root was cut horizontally, and six 1-mm-thick root segments (2 apical, 2 middle, and 2 cervical) were prepared. Using a push-out test, the bond strength between post and dentin was measured after 24 hours or 1 week using a universal testing machine. Statistical analysis was performed with 3-way ANOVA followed by independent t tests (alpha=.05) to detect differences between groups defined by the specific interacting variables. The different combinations of posts and luting material from the cervical segments were analyzed with SEM. RESULTS: The 3-way ANOVA indicated that push-out test values varied significantly according to the post system used (opaque, electrical, and translucent) (P<.01); the root segments (cervical, middle, and apical) (P<.01), however, did not vary statistically according to the time of testing (24 hours and 1 week). Opaque and electrical glass-fiber posts showed higher bond strength values than translucent posts (P<.01). Push-out bond strength values of cervical segments were significantly higher than the middle and apical segments in translucent and electrical glass-fiber post groups (P<.01). In the opaque glass-fiber post group, there were no significant differences between cervical and middle segments. In SEM analysis, a distinct hybrid zone with long, numerous resin tags located between luting material and dentin was exhibited in all post systems. CONCLUSION: The opaque and electrical glass-fiber posts exhibited similar bond strengths, and translucent posts exhibited the lowest bond strength. The highest bond strength was observed in the cervical third of the post spaces for translucent and electrical glass-fiber post groups.

Effect of dentin bonding and ferrule preparation on the fracture strength of crowned teeth restored with dowels and amalgam cores.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: It is necessary to obtain an adequate bond at the core/dentin junction where the majority of failures occur. The effect of recently developed dentin bonding agents on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth at the amalgam core/dentin junction is unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 2 dentin bonding agents and a ferrule preparation on the fracture resistance of crowned mandibular premolars incorporating prefabricated dowel and silver amalgam cores. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty extracted mandibular second premolars were divided into 6 groups of 10 each. The coronal portion of each tooth was removed at the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) in the first 3 groups. In the other groups, teeth were sectioned 1 mm above the CEJ to create a ferrule. After root canal preparations, prefabricated dowels (ParaPost) were placed. The first group served as a control and was tested without application of bonding agents and without incorporation of a ferrule design. In the second and third groups, respectively, an autopolymerizing adhesive (Superbond D-Liner) and a dual-polymerizing adhesive (Panavia F) were applied to tooth surfaces before restorative procedures. For the fourth (ferrule) group, no bonding agent was applied, but a 1-mm ferrule preparation was used. In the fifth (ferrule+D-Liner) and sixth (ferrule+Panavia F) groups, respectively, autopolymerizing and dual-polymerizing bonding agents were used in conjunction with the ferrule preparation. After amalgam core fabrication, Ni-Cr full cast crowns for each group were prepared and cemented. All specimens were stored in water for 1 week and thermal cycled 1000 times between 5 degrees and 55 degrees C. A compressive shear load was applied at an angle of 135 degrees to the crown, and the maximum load at fracture (N) was recorded. The data were analyzed with 1-way ANOVA and Tukey Honestly Significant Difference tests (alpha=.05). RESULTS: Significantly higher fracture strength values were demonstrated for the ferrule+Panavia F (652.5 N), ferrule+D-liner (649.1 N) and ferrule (592.4 N) groups, respectively, than for the other groups. The next highest fracture strength values were found for the D-Liner (485.0 N) and Panavia F (486.3 N) groups. The control group (376.6 N) demonstrated the lowest fracture strength in all test groups (P<.001). CONCLUSION: A ferrule preparation or a bonding agent designed for silver amalgam core-dentin bonding can each increase the fracture strength for teeth receiving cast crowns after endodontic therapy and dowel and amalgam core restorations.

Nasal prosthesis rehabilitation: a case report.

A nasal prosthesis can reestablish esthetic form and anatomic contours for midfacial defects often more effectively than can surgical reconstruction. This case report describes the clinical and laboratory procedures for fabricating a nasal prosthesis.

Temperature changes in superficial and deep tissue layers with respect to time of cold gel pack application in dogs.

Despite the widespread clinical use of cryotherapy, there is only limited and inconsistent data on application times. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in tissue temperature and the duration of this effect. In this experimental study, five adult dogs were used. A cold gel pack (10 x 20 cm) was applied transversally over the right leg femoral region. Temperatures were recorded simultaneously: rectal by a mercury thermometer; right leg skin by probe of Nihon Kohden 6000 polygraph; and right leg subcutaneous, intramuscular, and periosteal, and left leg intramuscular temperatures by a fluorooptic biomedical fiber optic (0.6 mm diameter) thermometer connected to a computer system. Total system accuracy was 0.01 degrees C. Cold gel packs were applied for 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes duration. The results can be summarized as cooling and rewarming data. 1) The superficial tissues such as skin and subcutaneous demonstrated the most rapid and profound cooling effect. The deeper tissues such as bone and muscle exhibited a smaller and more gradual decline in temperature. 2) There was a prolonged rewarming period in all tissues after the removal of the cold gel pack but this period was longer in deeper tissues. According to cold gel pack application time, the rewarming time in intramuscular layers to baseline or plateau temperatures was about: 60 +/- 3 minutes for 10 minutes application, 100 +/- 4 for 15, 130 +/- 5 for 20, 140 +/- 7 for 25, and 145 +/- 8 for 30. It can be concluded from these results that with increased cold gel pack application time, deep tissue temperature decreased and the duration of cooling effect increased. However, the data indicated that the length of application time and the duration of cooling effect were not linearly related. Especially after 20 minutes of application this ratio decreased progressively. There may be implications of these results for clinical practice.

Evaluation of two post core systems using two different methods (fracture strength test and a finite elemental stress analysis).

The aim of this study was to compare a fiber composite laminate (FCL) post core and a conventional cast post core system by using two different methods. The first method was a conventional fracture strength test, and the second was a finite elemental stress-analysis method (FEM). For the conventional fracture strength test, 20 extracted, human upper, central incisors were used. The teeth were decoronated, treated endodontically, and restored with two post core systems. After embedding the samples in resin blocks, a loading force was applied to the teeth at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/ min at an angle of 45 degrees to the long axis of the tooth. The data were recorded, and the results were compared by using the Mann-Whitney U test. There was no statistically significant difference between the two post systems (p > 0.05). For FEM analysis, a pseudo three-dimensional model of a maxillary central incisor, theoretically restored with either a cast post or an FCL, was used. The analysis was performed by using the structural analysis program (SAP90). FEM analysis showed that stress was accumulated within the cast post core system, and transmission of stress to supportive structures and the tooth was low. This is an advantage for tooth and supporting tissues. When the FCL post core system was evaluated by FEM, the results indicated that this system transferred stress to supportive structures and the tooth while stress accumulation within the post system was low. This is an advantage for the restoration but disadvantage for the supporting tissues.