Mucin 1 as a Molecular Target of a Novel Diisoquinoline Derivative Combined with Anti-MUC1 Antibody in AGS Gastric Cancer Cells.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to examine the molecular mechanism of the anticancer action of a monoclonal antibody against MUC1 and a diisoquinoline derivative (OM-86II) in human gastric cancer cells. METHODS: The cell viability was measured by the MTT assay. The disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and activity of caspase-8 and caspase-9 was performed by flow cytometry. Fluorescent microscopy was used to confirm the proapoptotic effect of compounds. LC3A, LC3B and Beclin-1 concentrations were analyzed to check the influence of the compounds on induction of autophagy. ELISA assessments were performed to measure the concentration of mTOR, sICAM1, MMP-2, MMP-9 and pro-apoptotic Bax. RESULTS: The anti-MUC1 antibody with the diisoquinoline derivative (OM-86II) significantly reduced gastric cancer cells' viability. This was accompanied by an increase in caspase-8 and caspase-9 activity as well as high concentrations of pro-apoptotic Bax. We also proved that the anti-MUC1 antibody with OM-86II decreased the concentrations of MMP-9, sICAM1 and mTOR in gastric cancer cells. After 48 h of incubation with such a combination, we observed higher levels of the crucial component of autophagosomes (LC3) and Beclin-1. CONCLUSIONS: Our study proved that the anti-MUC1 antibody sensitizes human gastric cancer cells to the novel diisoquinoline derivative (OM-86II) via induction of apoptosis and autophagy, and inhibition of selected proteins such as mTOR, sICAM1 and MMP-9.

Monoclonal anti­MUC1 antibody with novel octahydropyrazino[2,1­a:5,4­a']diisoquinoline derivative as a potential multi­targeted strategy in MCF­7 breast cancer cells.

The aim of the present study was to examine the multi­targeted potential of a monoclonal antibody against mucin­1 (MUC1) and novel octahydropyrazin[2,1­a:5,4­a']diisoquinoline derivative (OM­86II) in estrogen receptor­positive MCF­7 human breast cancer cells. The cell viability was measured by an MTT assay. The analyses of cell cycle and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential were performed by flow cytometry. Fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry were used to demonstrate the effect of the compounds on apoptosis. ELISA was conducted to check the concentrations of proteins involved in multiple intracellular signaling pathways, responsible for the promotion of tumor growth and breast cancer progression, namely matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)­2, matrix MMP­9, tumor necrosis factor­α (TNF­α), cyclooxygenase­2 (COX­2), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM1) and mTOR. The combination therapy based on anti­MUC1 antibody and novel OM­86II inhibited the proliferation of MCF­7 breast cancer cells. Its inhibitory effects were associated with the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. It was demonstrated that anti­MUC1 antibody with OM­86II decreased the concentrations of MMP­2, MMP­9, sICAM1 and mTOR. In addition, the combined therapy exhibited anti­inflammatory activity, which was demonstrated by a decrease in TNF­α and COX­2 concentrations. The present data provided evidence that the combination of anti­MUC1 antibody with novel OM­86II represents a multi­targeted strategy in MCF­7 breast cancer treatment.

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of chiral quaternary N-spiro ammonium bromides with 3',4'-dihydro-1'H-spiro[isoindoline-2,2'-isoquinoline] skeleton.

A new class of highly functionalized tetrahydroisoquinolines with a quaternary carbon stereocenter was synthesized starting from an easily accessible L-tartaric acid. Nine strains of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Moraxella catarrhalis, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni) were used for the determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of synthesized compounds. The influence of analyzed compounds on viability and induction of apoptosis in human skin fibroblasts was determined. A majority of the synthesized compounds showed the strongest antibacterial properties toward some gram-negative bacteria (M. catarrhalis and C. jejuni) with a high level of selectivity. High antibacterial compounds have bactericidal activity ratio MBC/MIC ≤4. Our studies also proved that the novel compounds do not possess cytotoxic and proapoptotic potential in normal cells.

Biological evaluation of octahydropyrazin[2,1-a:5,4-a']diisoquinoline derivatives as potent anticancer agents.

In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxic activity and antiproliferative potency of novel octahydropyrazin[2,1-a:5,4-a']diisoquinoline derivatives (1-7) in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. Annexin V binding assay and disruption of the mitochondrial potential were performed to determine apoptosis. The activity of caspases 3, 8, 9, and 10 was measured after 24 h of incubation with tested compounds to explain detailed molecular mechanism of induction of apoptosis. The results from experiments were compared with effects obtained after incubation in the presence of camptothecin and etoposide. Our study demonstrated that the most active compounds in both analyzed breast cancer cell lines were compounds 3 and 4. We also observed that all compounds induced apoptosis. We demonstrated the higher activity of caspases 3, 8, 9, and 10, which confirmed that induction of apoptosis is associated with external and internal cell death pathway. Our study revealed that the novel compounds in group of diisoquinoline derivatives are promising candidates in anticancer treatment by activation of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways.

Heck cyclization strategy for preparation of erythrinan alkaloids: asymmetric synthesis of unnatural (-)-erysotramidine from L-tartaric acid.

With an imide derived from L-tartaric acid as the starting material, ent-erysotramidine was synthesized for the first time. The synthesis features the use of the enantiopure synthon, prepared in a set of highly stereoselective reactions, including N-acyliminium cyclization, dihydrofuranyl ring formation via silver-catalyzed intramolecular alcohol addition to acetylene, and vinyl ether catalytic hydrogen reduction. The crucial step of the synthesis, assembly of ring A, was achieved by using Heck cyclization of (Z)-iodoolefin.

Cytotoxic activity of octahydropyrazin[2,1-a:5,4-a']diisoquinoline derivatives in human breast cancer cells.

Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of novel octahydropyrazin[2,1-a:5,4-a']diisoquinoline derivatives (1a-2c) employing a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and inhibition of [(3)H]thymidine incorporation into DNA demonstrated that these compounds were more active than etoposide and camptothecin in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Flow cytometric analysis after Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide staining also confirmed that apoptosis was the main response of human breast cancer cells to 1a-2c treatment. Our results suggest that apoptosis of human breast cancer cells in the presence of 1a-2c follows the mitochondrial pathway, with the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of caspase 9, as well as by the external pathway with the significant increase in caspase 8 expression. Cytotoxic properties of compounds 1a-2c in cultured human breast cancer cells correlate to their ability to inhibit topoisomerase I/II.

Cytotoxic efficacy of a novel dinuclear platinum(II) complex used with anti-MUC1 in human breast cancer cells.

Mucin 1 (MUC1) is overexpressed in various cancer cells especially in breast cancer cells. There are known research works on the use of anti-MUC1 antibody with docetaxel in ovarian cancer, but there are no data about combined therapy platinum compounds with anti-MUC1 in breast cancer. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antiproliferative properties of a new dinuclear platinum(II) complex (Pt12) used with anti-MUC1 in human breast cancer cells. The dinuclear platinum(II) complex (Pt12) has been synthesized, and its cytotoxicity with anti-MUC1 has been tested in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. In this study, the effects of Pt12 with anti-MUC1 on collagen and DNA biosynthesis in human breast cancer cells were compared to those evoked by cisplatin and cisplatin with anti-MUC1. The mechanism of action of Pt12 with anti-MUC1 was studied employing flow cytometry assessment of annexin V binding assay. It was found that Pt12 with anti-MUC1 was more active inhibitor of DNA and collagen synthesis as well more cytotoxic agent than Pt12 alone and cisplatin with anti-MUC1. Cytotoxicity of Pt12 with anti-MUC1 against breast cancer cells is due to apoptotic cell death as well as necrotic cell death. These results indicate that the use of Pt12 with anti-MUC1 may constitute a novel strategy in the chemotherapy of breast cancer tumors.

Synthesis of tunable diamine ligands with spiro indane-2,2'-pyrrolidine backbone and their applications in enantioselective Henry reaction.

Novel diamine ligands with spiro indane-2,2'-pyrrolidine scaffold were synthesized starting from Seebach's oxazolidinone 6 and were subsequently employed in asymmetric Henry reaction. Following the initial experimental findings, further synthesis resulted in two types of spiro diamines, with varying substituents at both nitrogen atoms. Ligands of type A, containing a small substituent at N-1' atom, and a large group at N-1 atom gave predominantly the S-configured ß-nitroalcohol, while ligands of type B, with the reversed location of small and large substituents furnished the R-configured product. Both types of ligands turned out to be versatile catalysts for the Henry reaction between nitromethane and an assortment of aryl as well as alkyl aldehydes offering either S- (lig. A) or R-configured (lig. B) nitroalcohols in a good to high chemical yield and an excellent enantioselectivity up to 99% ee.

Strategies for the stereocontrolled formation of oxygen analogues of penicillins and cephalosporins.

The synthesis of oxacephalotin and oxacephamandol, which are more active than natural, sulfur-containing congeners, and the isolation of clavulanic acid, a potent inhibitor of beta-lactamase enzymes, directed attention of many academic and industrial laboratories the synthesis of oxygen analogues of penicillins and cephalosporins. The present review focuses attention on the problem of stereocontrol in the formation of a desired configuration of the bridgehead carbon atom in the title compounds. Five feasible synthetic methods leading to the basic skeletons of clavams and 5-oxacephams are discussed. Three of them involve the nucleophilic substitution at C-4 of the azetidin- 2-ones performed as inter- or intramolecular process and the remaining two involve cycloaddition reactions between ketenes and iminoethers, or between vinyl ethers and isocyanates. Owing to the general application, stereospecificity and high asymmetric induction, the last method seems to be most advantageous. The weak point of the nucleophilic substitution methodology is that a nucleophile approaches the 3-substituted azetidin-2-one ring preferentially anti to the existing substituent and in the case where there is no substituent at C-3, that the stereoselectivity of formation of the new chirality center at C-4 is low. All discussed methods are illustrated by the examples taken from the literature.

5-Dethia-5-oxacephams: toward correlation of absolute configuration and chiroptical properties.

The relationship between chiroptical properties of differently substituted 5-dethia-5-oxacephams and their respective molecular structures was investigated. The amide chromophore of the beta-lactam unit in these compounds was found to be nonplanar with a shallow pyramidal configuration at the nitrogen atom. Due to the nonplanarity, the beta-lactam system becomes inherently dissymmetric, which is supported by a high magnitude of the n --> pi* CD band. It was also found that the helicity of the lactam moiety in investigated oxacephams is controlled by the absolute configuration at the C(6) carbon atom. On this basis, a helicity rule correlating a positive (negative) sign of the n right arrow pi Cotton effect with a negative (positive) O [double bond] C [bond] N [bond] C(6) torsional angle for policyclic beta-lactam derivatives possessing a nonplanar amide chromophore was formulated.

An Approach to Clavams and 1-Oxacephams from Hydroxy Acids.

[2 + 2] Cycloaddition of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate to chiral alkyl vinyl ethers bearing a sterogenic center in the alkyl part of the ether afford the corresponding azetidin-2-ones with relatively good asymmetric induction in certain cases. Reactions were shown to depend on steric requirements of the ligands at the stereogenic center. The model that rationalizes the stereochemical outcome is based on the s-cis conformation of the vinyl ether in which the bulkiest of the ligands is situated in the plane of the double bond, and the next most demanding substituent is placed gauche to the double bond.