The impact of periodontitis in the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Pulmonary and systemic effects.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to verify the impact of periodontitis in the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in C57Bl/6J mice. MAIN METHODS: The animals were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8): Basal, Periodontitis (P), COPD and COPD+P. COPD was induced by orotracheal instillation of 30 µl of cigarette extract 3 times/week for 7 weeks. Periodontitis was induced by ligation technique for 22 days. Euthanasia was performed on 51st day. The analyzes were total/differential cells and cytokines recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), total/differential blood cell count, platelets, total marrow cell count, airway collagen deposition, alveolar enlargement analyzed by mean linear intercept (Lm), mucus and bone crest reabsorption. One-way ANOVA followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls was used. KEY FINDINGS: The association COPD+P decreased macrophages (p = 0,0351), TNF-α (p = 0,0071) and INF-γ (p = 0,0004) in BAL, when compared to the COPD group maintaining emphysema levels by alveolar enlargement (p < .05) reorganization of collagen fibers (p = .001) and also mean linear intercept (lm) (p = .001) and mucus (p = .0001). The periodontitis group caused TNF-α increase (p = 0, 0001) in BAL. SIGNIFICANCE: Periodontitis, per se, does not alter any of the parameters analyzed, except for increased TNF-α in BAL. However, its association with COPD caused macrophages TNF-α and INF-γ alterations, when compared to the COPD group maintaining emphysema levels by alveolar enlargement and reorganization of collagen fibers. It seems that periodontitis is influencing the course of Th1 profile cell, and cytokines and pulmonary alterations. Further studies are needed to clarify the regulatory process underlying these two diseases.

Análise comparativa da flexibilidade de instrumentos endodônticos, submetidos ou näo a tratamento térmico / Comparative analysis of the flexibility of endodontic instruments, submitted or not to thermal treatment

O presente estudo buscou avaliar a flexibilidade de dois tipos de limas: tipo K e Flexofile de diferentes números, submetidas ou näo a um tratamento térmico recristalizador. Para tanto, utilizaram-se 144 limas que foram submetidas ao ensaio de flexäo em um troptômetro e uma célula de carga. Os resultados evidenciaram que o tratamento térmico recristalizador foi capaz de provocar a reduçäo na resistência à flexäo das limas tipo K de 56,78 a 82,06 por cento. Nas limas Flexofile, a diminuiçäo da resistência à flexäo foi da ordem de 1,94 a 50,60 por cento, quando comparadas com as Flexofile näo-tratadas. Concluiu-se que o tratamento térmico recristalizador, como o proposto, reduz a resistência à flexäo das limas tipo K de forma significativa, e das limas tipo Flexofile de maneira pouco sensível