Determination of Bactericidal Activity Spectrum of Recombinant Endolysins of ECD7, Am24, Ap22, Si3, and St11 Bacteriophages.

The bactericidal activity of recombinant endolysins LysECD7, LysAm24, LysAp22, LysSi3 and LysSt11 was assayed in multidrug resistant strains (n=120) of Salmonella enterica, E. coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Campylobacter jejuni. The assay showed that the recombinant endolysins had a wide spectrum of bactericidal activity compared to endolysins of their progenitor phages. Among examined endolysins, we selected the active pharmaceutical substances with broad spectrum of bactericidal activity. Most strains were sensitive to LysECD7 (70.7%), LysAm24 (65%), and LysAp22 (58.6%), which seems to be promising causative agents for the development of finished dosage form.

Antibacterial Properties of Superhydrophilic Textured Copper in Contact with Bacterial Suspensions.

The method of pulsed laser processing with a nanosecond pulse duration was employed to obtain a nanotexture on the surface of copper alloys. The effect of the obtained micro- and nanotexture on the bactericidal properties of the surface upon its contact with suspensions containing of E. coli K12 C600 or K. pneumoniae 811 cells in a nutrient medium were studied. The evolution of cell morphology after on the nanotextured surface was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, and changes in biological fluid during this contact were studied by mass spectrometry. It was shown that massive death of bacterial cells both in the suspension and on the nanotextured surface was determined by combined toxic effects of the hierarchically textured surface and high concentration of Cu2+ ions in the medium.

Development of a Bacteriophage Complex with Superhydrophilic and Superhydrophobic Nanotextured Surfaces of Metals Preventing Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI).

We studied antibacterial properties of organo-inorganic hybrid coatings on the AMg2 aluminum alloy including superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic nanotextured metal substrates with applied bacteriophage particles. Bactericidal activity of surfaces after artificial contamination with a bacterial suspension was evaluated. To increase bactericidal effect of the plates, bacteriophage was sorbed on their surface. In the experiments simulating possible spreading of HAI pathogens, higher bactericidal activity of superhydrophilic surfaces in comparison with superhydrophobic ones. Application of bacteriophage particles did not prevent primary colonization of textured metal surfaces by strains used in the experiment, but in some cases increases their bactericidal activity.

[Staphylococcal pneumonia]. / Stafilokokkovye pnevmonii.

In January to December 2000, a total of 15 (8.8%) patients with staphylococcal community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), 13 (27.7%) patients with staphyloccocal nosocomial pneumonia (NP) that occurred at general units (GU), and 9 (50%) patients with GU that occurred under artificial ventilation (AV) at intensive care units (ICU) were followed up. Meticillin-resistant S. aureus strains were isolated in 6.7, 38.5, and 55.6% of cases, respectively. As compared with pneumococcal CAP, staphyloccocal CAP were more frequently characterized by the severe course of the disease (46.7% versus 15.4%), bilateral lesion (33.3% versus 5.1%), and the presence of complications (66.7% versus 30.8%). Staphyloccocal NP that had occurred at GU, as compared to that at ICU also showed the severe course of the disease (46.2% versus 2.9%), bilateral lesion (30.7% versus 0%), and developed complications (75% versus 25%). Staphylococcal NP developed under AV at ICU had no specific features as compared with NP of another etiology. Oxacillin and first-second-generation cephalosporins remain to be the drugs of choice when meticillin-sensitive S. aureus strains are isolated; lincomycin and erythromycin being alternative agents against these strains. Glycopeptides are the drugs of choice when meticillin-resistant S. aureus strains are isolated, its alernatives are linesolide or rifampicin. High mortality rates due to staphylococcal pneumonia are preserved. These are 7.1% in CAP, 7.7 and 66.7 in staphylococcal NP occurring at GU and under AV at ICU, respectively.

[The antepartum preparation of women with late gestoses]. / Dorodovaia podgotovka zhenshchin s pozdnimi gestozami.

Results are submitted of comparative methods of antenatal preparation and delivery in women with varying degree severity of late gestoses, with making use of group E prostaglandin drug preparations that have a marked hypotensive effect. A conclusion has been reached that it is useful to employ prostaglandin drugs (propedil gel, prostin E) in case of advanced labor in women with late gestoses.