Entrando en el manejo 2.0 de la cistinuria con una herramienta médica digital para monitorizar el pH de la orina: un estudio prospectivo y aleatorizado / Entering into 2.0 cystinuria management with a medical digital tool to monitor urine pH: A prospective, randomized study

Introducción y objetivos Las personas con cistinuria pueden experimentar eventos recurrentes de litiasis debido a la relativa insolubilidad de la cistina en el pH fisiológico de la orina, lo que resulta en deterioro de la función renal. El pHmetro Lit-Control® es un dispositivo médico que permite la automedición precisa del pH de la orina. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue comparar la usabilidad del pHmetro Lit-Control® con las tiras reactivas para la automonitorización domiciliaria del pH urinario por parte de pacientes con cistinuria, y su satisfacción general con cada herramienta.Pacientes y métodosSe incluyeron 28 pacientes (9 mujeres y 19 varones, de 19 a 76 años), que fueron asignados aleatoriamente a monitorizar su pH urinario con tiras reactivas (n=17) o el pHmetro Lit-Control® (n=11).ResultadosDespués de 6 meses de uso, la satisfacción con los 2 métodos fue similarmente alta, pero los pacientes calificaron (en una escala de 0 a 10) mejor el pHmetro en términos de facilidad de aprendizaje (media± DE, 8,11±0,60 vs. 7,06±1,18; p=0,038), facilidad de preparación (8,22±0,67 vs. 7,25±1,18; p=0,034) y facilidad de uso (8,22±0,67 vs. 7,25±1,39; p=0,062). En general, los pacientes no alcanzaron los objetivos de alcalinización (pH entre 7,0 y 8,0).ConclusionesEl pHmetro Lit-Control® demostró ser un dispositivo fácil de usar que puede facilitar el control del pH urinario en los pacientes con cistinuria. Queda justificado un estudio prospectivo para evaluar la correlación entre la monitorización del pH de la orina, una estrategia de tratamiento por objetivo y la recurrencia de los cálculos de cistina. (AU)

Background and objectives Individuals with cystinuria can experiment recurrent lithiasis events due to the relative insolubility of cystine at physiological urine pH, resulting in renal function decline. The Lit-Control® pH Meter is a medical device that accurately allows urine pH self-monitoring. The main objective of this study was to compare the usability of the Lit-Control® pH Meter with the reactive strips for self-monitoring of urinary pH at home by patients with cystinuria, and their overall satisfaction with each tool.Patients and methodsWe included 28 patients (9 females and 19 males, age 19-6 years), who were randomly assigned to monitor their urine pH with reactive strips (n=17) or the Lit-Control® pH Meter (n=11).ResultsAfter six months of use, the satisfaction with the two methods was similarly high, but the patients rated (0-10 scale) the pH meter better in terms of ease of learning (mean±SD, 8.11±0.60 vs. 7.06±1.18; P=.038), ease to prepare (8.22±0.67 vs. 7.25±1.18; P=0.034), and ease of use (8.22±0.67 vs. 7.25±1.39; P=.062). Overall, patients did not reach the alkalinization goals (pH between 7.0 and 8.0).ConclusionsThe Lit-Control® pH Meter demonstrated to be an easy-to-use device that can facilitate urinary pH control by cystinuric patients. A prospective study is warranted to assess the correlation between urine pH monitoring, a treat to target approach, and the recurrence of cystine stones. (AU)

Entering into 2.0 cystinuric management with a medical digital tool to monitor urine pH: a prospective, randomized study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Individuals with cystinuria can experiment recurrent lithiasis events due to the relative insolubility of cystine at physiological urine pH, resulting in renal function decline. The Lit-Control® pH Meter is a medical device that accurately allows urine pH self-monitoring. The main objective of this study was to compare the usability of the Lit-Control® pH Meter with the reactive strips for self-monitoring of urinary pH at home by patients with cystinuria, and their overall satisfaction with each tool. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We included 28 patients (9 females and 19 males, age 19-76 years), who were randomly assigned to monitor their urine pH with reactive strips (n = 17) or the Lit-Control® pH-meter (n = 11). RESULTS: After six months of use, the satisfaction with the two methods was similarly high, but the patients rated (0-10 scale) the pH meter better in terms of ease of learning (mean ±â€¯SD, 8.11 ±â€¯0.60 vs. 7.06 ±â€¯1.18; P = 0.038), ease to prepare (8.22 ±â€¯0.67 vs. 7.25 ±â€¯1.18; P = 0.034), and ease of use (8.22 ±â€¯0.67 vs. 7.25 ±â€¯1.39; P = 0.062). Overall, patients did not reach the alkalinization goals (pH between 7.0 and 8.0). CONCLUSIONS: The Lit-Control® pH Meter demonstrated to be an easy-to-use device that can facilitate urinary pH control by cystinuric patients. A prospective study is warranted to assess the correlation between urine pH monitoring, a treat to target approach, and the recurrence of cystine stones.

Flexible ureteroscopy in extreme elderly patients (80 years of age and older) is feasible and safe.

PURPOSE: To compare the safety and efficacy of RIRS in patients ≥ 80 years to a younger population. METHODS: We retrospectively compared the data from patients ≥ 80 years of age undergoing RIRS with the data of a group of patients from 18 and < 80 years. Perioperative outcomes, complications and emergency department visits were compared between two groups. RESULTS: A total of 173 patients were included in the study. Mean age was 44 (27-79) and 81 years-old (80-94), for younger and elderly group, respectively. Elderly patients had higher ASA scores (≥ 3) (28.6% vs 75.8%; p = 0.0001) and Charlson comorbidity index (1.99 vs 7.86; p = 0.0001), more diabetes (p = 0.006) and respiratory comorbidities (p = 0.002). No statistical difference was found between two groups in stone size (p = 0.614) and number (p = 0.152). Operative time (74.48 vs 102.96 min; p = 0.0001) and duration of hospitalisation (1.7 vs 2.9 days; p = 0.001) were longer for the elderly. Intraoperative complication rate did not show differences between the two groups (p = 0.166). Postoperative complications rates were similar between the cohorts (7.7% vs 9.5%; p = 0.682). The success rates were 67.5% in the younger group and 71.4% in the elderly group (p = 0.584). No difference was seen in stone recurrence (p = 0.73). A higher rate of visits to the emergency department was found in younger cohort (23.6% vs 11.6%; p = 0.046), mostly duo to stent-related symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the higher rate of comorbidity in the elderly group, RIRS was a safe procedure with similar complication rate and outcomes at an expense of higher operative time and hospital stay.

Fluoroless Endourological Surgery for Stone Disease: a Review of the Literature-Tips and Tricks.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Urologists are at significant risk due to radiation exposure (RE) from endourological procedures for stone disease. Many techniques described have shown a reduction of RE. The purpose of this article is to review available protocols to decrease RE during such procedures and provide tips and tricks for their implementation. RECENT FINDINGS: Several low-radiation and radiation-free protocols for percutaneous nephrolithotomy and flexible ureteroscopy have been described as an attempt to reduce RE during surgery. Beginning with specific checklists to ensure adequate C-arm usage, fluoroless procedures are based on endoscopic assessment, tactile guidance, and use of ultrasound to avoid fluoroscopy. A specific preoperative checklist and low radiation or complete fluoroless radiation endourological procedures have shown to be effective, feasible, and safe. It is recommended for urologists to be aware of the risks of RE and apply the "ALARA" (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) protocols.

Totally fluoroless retrograde intrarenal surgery technique in prestented patients: tips and tricks.

Treatment of urolithiasis has evolved greatly as retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) has gained popularity nowadays being a gold standard therapy for renal stones up to 2 cm. Endourological procedures are traditionally fluoroscopic guided; thus, an increasing concern is the harm of radiation exposure, especially in the pediatric population. Therefore, performing fluoroless RIRS should be a feasible option for pediatric urologists. Herein, we describe the technique of totally fluoroless RIRS in presented patients and the tips to avoid radiation use at most.

Brain Stimulation Differentially Modulates Nociception and Inflammation in Aversive and Non-aversive Behavioral Conditions.

Inflammation and pain are major clinical burdens contributing to multiple disorders and limiting the quality of life of patients. We previously reported that brain electrical stimulation can attenuate joint inflammation in experimental arthritis. Here, we report that non-aversive electrical stimulation of the locus coeruleus (LC), the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) or the ventrolateral column of the periaqueductal gray matter (vlPAG) decreases thermal pain sensitivity, knee inflammation and synovial neutrophilic infiltration in rats with intra-articular zymosan. We also analyzed the modulation of pain and inflammation during aversive neuronal stimulation, which produces defensive behavioral responses such as freezing immobility to avoid predator detection. Electrical stimulation with higher intensity to induce freezing immobility in rats further reduces pain but not inflammation. However, tonic immobility further reduces pain, knee inflammation and synovial neutrophilic infiltration in guinea pigs. The duration of the tonic immobility increases the control of pain and inflammation. These results reveal survival behavioral and neuromodulatory mechanisms conserved in different species to control pain and inflammation in aversive life-threatening conditions. Our results also suggest that activation of the LC, PVN, or vlPAG by non-invasive methods, such as physical exercise, meditation, psychological interventions or placebo treatments may reduce pain and joint inflammation in arthritis without inducing motor or behavioral alterations.

Draft genome of the fungicidal biological control agent Burkholderia anthina strain XXVI.

Burkholderia anthina XXVI is a rhizosphere bacterium isolated from a mango orchard in Mexico. This strain has a significant biological control activity against the causal agent of mango anthracnose, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, likely through the production of siderophores and other secondary metabolites. Here, we present a draft genome sequence of B. anthina XXVI (approximately 7.7 Mb; and G + C content of 67.0%), with the aim of gaining insight into the genomic basis of antifungal modes of action, ecological success as a biological control agent, and full biosynthetic potential.

Cistoprostatectomía radical robótica: análisis oncológico, funcional y de las complicaciones / Robot-assisted radical cystoprostatectomy: Analysis of the complications and oncological and functional aspects

Objetivos: Revisar nuestra experiencia en cistectomía radical robótica, valorando las complicaciones, resultados oncológicos y funcionales. Material y métodos: Desde el 2007 al 2014 realizamos 67 cistectomías radicales robóticas asociadas a linfadenectomía en 61 casos. En 37 pacientes por tumor músculo-invasivo y en 30 por no músculo-invasivo de alto riesgo. La derivación urinaria se realizó de forma extracorpórea, siendo con neovejiga tipo Studer en 47 casos. Resultados: La pérdida hemática media fue 300ml. Ningún caso requirió conversión a cirugía abierta. La mediana de ganglios extraídos fue 16 (rango: 3-33). La anatomía patológica reveló 16 pT0, 15 (pTis,-pT1-pTa) y 44 tumores músculo-invasivos, 8 pN+ y uno con márgenes positivos. La estancia media hospitalaria fue 9 días. Con una mediana de seguimiento de 16 meses, 9 (13%) reingresaron tras el alta, la mayoría por infecciones asociadas a catéteres y sonda vesical. Cuarenta pacientes (59,7%) presentaron complicaciones (la mayoría Clavien 1-2). En 4 casos (6%) hubo recurrencia durante el seguimiento y fallecieron por enfermedad oncológica 4 (5,9%). Diecinueve (28,3%) pacientes tuvieron complicaciones después de 30 días, siendo en su mayoría infecciones urinarias. De 47 pacientes con neovejiga presentan una correcta continencia diurna 45 (95%) y nocturna del 89%. De los pacientes con función sexual previa normal o disminuida un 90% y 64% respectivamente conservan función sexual con o sin uso de tratamiento farmacológico. Conclusiones: La cistectomía radical más linfadenectomía robótica, con reconstrucción extracorpórea de la derivación urinaria, ofrece buenos resultados oncológicos y funcionales sin aumentar el número de complicaciones

Objectives: To review our experience in robot-assisted radical cystectomy, assessing the complications and oncological and functional results. Materials and methods: From 2007 to 2014, we performed 67 robot-assisted radical cystectomies combined with lymphadenectomy in 61 cases. The operations were performed on 37 patients due to muscle-invasive tumours and on 30 due to high-risk nonmuscle-invasive tumours. Urinary diversion was conducted extracorporeally, using a Studer neobladder in 47 cases. Results: The mean blood loss was 300mL. No case required conversion to open surgery. The median number of lymph nodes extracted was 16 (range 3-33). Pathology revealed 16 pT0, 15 pTis,-pT1-pTa and 44 muscle-invasive tumours, 8 pN+ and 1 with positive margins. The mean hospital stay was 9 days. With a median follow-up of 16 months, 9 (13%) patients were readmitted after the discharge, most for infections associated with the vesical catheter and other catheters. Forty patients (59.7%) presented complications (most were Clavien grade 1-2). There was recurrence during the follow-up in 4 cases (6%), and 4 (5.9%) patients died from cancer. Nineteen (28.3%) patients had complications after 30 days, most of which were urinary tract infections. Of the 47 patients with a neobladder, 45 (96%) had proper daytime continence and 42 (89%) had proper nighttime continence. Ninety percent and 64% of the patients with previously normal sexual function and reduced sexual function, respectively, were able to preserve sexual function with or without drug treatment.Conclusions: Robot-assisted radical cystectomy plus lymphadenectomy, with extracorporeal reconstruction of the urinary diversion, offers good oncological and functional results without increasing the number of complications

Robot-assisted radical cystoprostatectomy: Analysis of the complications and oncological and functional aspects. / Cistoprostatectomía radical robótica: análisis oncológico, funcional y de las complicaciones.

OBJECTIVES: To review our experience in robot-assisted radical cystectomy, assessing the complications and oncological and functional results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2007 to 2014, we performed 67 robot-assisted radical cystectomies combined with lymphadenectomy in 61 cases. The operations were performed on 37 patients due to muscle-invasive tumours and on 30 due to high-risk nonmuscle-invasive tumours. Urinary diversion was conducted extracorporeally, using a Studer neobladder in 47 cases. RESULTS: The mean blood loss was 300mL. No case required conversion to open surgery. The median number of lymph nodes extracted was 16 (range 3-33). Pathology revealed 16 pT0, 15 pTis,-pT1-pTa and 44 muscle-invasive tumours, 8 pN+ and 1 with positive margins. The mean hospital stay was 9 days. With a median follow-up of 16 months, 9 (13%) patients were readmitted after the discharge, most for infections associated with the vesical catheter and other catheters. Forty patients (59.7%) presented complications (most were Clavien grade 1-2). There was recurrence during the follow-up in 4 cases (6%), and 4 (5.9%) patients died from cancer. Nineteen (28.3%) patients had complications after 30 days, most of which were urinary tract infections. Of the 47 patients with a neobladder, 45 (96%) had proper daytime continence and 42 (89%) had proper nighttime continence. Ninety percent and 64% of the patients with previously normal sexual function and reduced sexual function, respectively, were able to preserve sexual function with or without drug treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Robot-assisted radical cystectomy plus lymphadenectomy, with extracorporeal reconstruction of the urinary diversion, offers good oncological and functional results without increasing the number of complications.

Surgical treatment of Peyronie's disease with small intestinal submucosa graft patch.

The objective of the study was to report our results using a porcine small intestinal submucosa graft (Surgisis ES, Cook Medical) for tunica albuginea substitution after plaque incision. We retrospectively evaluated patients surgically treated at our institution for Peyronie's disease (PD) by means of plaque incision and porcine small intestinal submucosa grafting (Surgisis) between 2009 and 2013. At the same time a literature review was conducted, searching for similar reports and results. Forty-four patients were identified who had been diagnosed with PD between 2009 and the beginning of 2013, and had been treated with corporoplasty, plaque incision and grafting with Surgisis for a severe curvature of the penis. Curvature of the penis was dorsal in 40 patients (90%) and laterally on the right in 4 patients (10%). Mean duration of surgery was 165 min (range 90-200). Mean size of the graft was 6.5 cm(2) and the mean follow-up was 19.2 months (range 11-48). In patients with severe curvature of the penis due to PD and the need for corporoplasty with plaque incision and graft placement, Surgisis represents a good option with a low risk of complications, below the rate described with previously investigated graft tissues.

Instrumentación transuretral en portadores de esfínter urinario artificial. Presentación y discusión de tres casos clínicos / Transurethral instrumentation in patients with artificial urinary sphincter. Presentation and discussion of three clinical cases

El tratamiento para la incontinencia urinaria masculina de esfuerzo severa es la colocación de un esfínter urinario artificial (EUA). La etiología de la incontinencia con frecuencia es la cirugía prostática previa. Los resultados funcionales son buenos con una tasa aceptable de complicaciones. Las complicaciones son más frecuentes si existe radioterapia previa o se realizan procedimientos transuretrales sin tener en cuenta la presencia del manguito del EUA. Cuando es necesaria la cirugía transuretral, por ejemplo por tumor vesical, es necesario realizar el desabrochado del manguito esfinteriano. Los sondajes uretrales precisan también desactivar el manguito y manipular la uretra con sumo cuidado, evitando su manipulación siempre que sea posible. Se presentan tres casos muy complejos de pacientes portadores de EUA que han precisado diversas soluciones ante manipulación uretral y presencia de complicaciones como estenosis de uretra (AU)

Artificial urinary sphincter (AS) is the gold standard treatment for severe male urinary stress incontinence. The etiology of incontinence is often previous prostate surgery as a radical prostatectomy. Functional results are good with an acceptable rate of complications. If there is prior radiotherapy complications are more frequent. When transurethral surgery, for example for bladder tumor is needed, it is necessary unbuttoned the sleeve. Urethral soundings need also turn off the sleeve and manipulate the urethra carefully, avoiding handling whenever possible. We present three very complex cases of patients with US showing several solutions to urethral manipulation and to resolve complications such as urethral perforation and stricture (AU)

Uropatía incrustante por Corynebacterium urealiticum: comentarios a partir de tres casos clínicos / Fouling uropathy by Corynebacterium urealyticum: Comments from three clinical cases

La uropatía incrustante es una enfermedad infecciosa del tracto urinario causada por la bacteria urealítica Corynebacterium urealyticum (CU). En nuestra serie (datos no publicados) sólo el 15% de las infecciones por CU produce uropatía incrustante. La formación de incrustaciones de estruvita y apatita en la pared del urotelio puede afectar a pelvis renal (pielitis), uréter, vejiga (cistopatía) y próstata, incluyendo la celda prostática después de resección ("celdopatía"). La pielitis es la más frecuente. La clínica corresponde a la triada orina alcalina, piuria y cristaluria de estruvita. Los pacientes suelen ser inmunodeprimidos o multioperados. El cultivo de orina debe estar dirigido al diagnóstico de CU. La TC es la prueba de imagen de elección. Muestra típicas imágenes de calcificación laminar. El tratamiento de la uropatía incrustante es multimodal. Incluye antibioterapia, acidificación de la orina y cirugía (algunos casos) (AU)

The encrustant uropathy is an infectious disease of the urinary tract caused by urealithic bacteria Corynebacterium urealyticum (CU). In our series (unpublished data) only 15% of CU infections caused encrustant uropathy. Formation of apatite and struvite on the wall of the urothelium can affect renal pelvis (pyelitis), urether, bladder (cystophatie) and prostate, including prostate cell after resection ("cellpathy"). Pyelitis is the most common. Clinical triad corresponds to alkaline urine, pyuria and struvite crystalluria. Patients are usually immunocompromised or or multiple previous surgeries. Urine culture should be directed to the diagnosis of UC. CT is the imaging test of choice. Shows typical images of laminar calcification. Treatment of encrusted uro pathy is multimodal. Includes antibiotics, acidification of urine and surgery (sometimes) (AU)

Hemangioma papilar como causa de macrohematuria. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Papillary hemangioma as a cause of macrohematuria. A case report and review of the literature

La hematuria recidivante unilateral supone un reto diagnóstico y terapéutico para el urólogo. El hemangioma renal (HR) figura entre las posibles causas. La localización en la papila renal es típica. Se presenta un caso de hematuria secundaria a HR que fue diagnosticado en primera instancia como síndrome del cascanueces. Tras una revaloración se realizó ureterorrenoscopia que demostró un hemangioma papilar sangrante. La lesión fue tratada con fotovaporización láser con buen resultado. Se revisa la etiopatogenia, diagnóstico y las opciones terapéuticas frente al HR sangrante (AU)

Unilateral recurrent hematuria is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the urologist. The renal hemangioma (RH) is a possible cause. The location is typically the renal papilla. A case of hematuria secondary to RH who was diagnosed at first instance and nutcracker syndrome is presented. After a diagnostic reassessment ureterorenoscopy was performed which showed a bleeding papillary hemangioma. The lesion was treated with laser PVP with good results. The pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic options against the bloody RH is reviewed (AU)

Complicaciones relacionadas con la colocación de mallas sintéticas en mujeres con incontinencia urinaria y prolapso de órganos pélvicos. A propósito de dos casos / Complications related to the placement of synthetic mesh in women with urinary incontinence and pelvic organs prolapse. A report of two cases

El uso de mallas sintéticas para la corrección de incontinencia de esfuerzo y prolapso de órganos pélvicos requiere de un equipo quirúrgico experto en este tipo de implantes para minimizar las complicaciones y, caso de que estas aparezcan , disponer de los recursos adecuados para solventarlas. Así mismo es importante que las pacientes estén bien informadas sobre la posibilidad de presentar complicaciones asociadas a este tipo de dispositivos. Se presentan dos casos de pacientes de sexo femenino tratadas con mallas sintéticas que presentaron complicaciones asociadas (AU)

Use of synthetic mesh for correction of urinary stress incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) requires a skilled surgical team in this type of implants to minimize complications and, if these occur, have the resources suitable to solve them. It is also important that patients are well informed about the possibility of developing complications from these devices. They are presented two cases of female patients treated with synthetic mesh that had associated complications. The current literature on this topic is reviewed with a focus on the controversies about the use of mesh and its complications (AU)

Cancer de próstata: tratamiento focal de rescate post radioterapia / Prostate Cancer: post radiotherapy rescue focal treatment

El tratamiento de rescate posterior a radioterapia prostática es un reto. Las opciones terapéuticas en este grupo de pacientes ofrecen resultados oncológicos satisfactorios, hipotecando resultados funcionales. Presentamos un caso clínico de nuestro estudio piloto de crioterapia focal de rescate (AU)

Treatment of radiation failure prostate cancer remains a challenge. The treatment options in this group of patients offer acceptable oncological results at expense of poor functional results. We present a case of our series of focal cryotherapy in the setting of localized failure prostate cancer (AU)

Litiasis úrica coraliforme bilateral de origen intestinal. Presentación de un caso tratado con la combinación quirúrgica NLP/RIRS/ECIRS / Uric bilateral staghorn lithiasis of intestinal origin. Report of a case treated with surgical combination NLP / RIRS / ECIRS

La cirugía endoscópica renal (por vía percutánea o por vía retrograda) se ha consolidado como una técnica de elección para los cálculos renales. En los más voluminosos (mayores de 2-3 cm de diámetro mayor) está indicada la nefrolitotomía percutánea (NLP) y en los menores la cirugía retrógrada intrarrenal RIRS (exceptuando los tratables con litotricia extracorpórea por ondas de choque). La ECIRS es una modalidad mixta. La litotricia endoscópica con láser es un tratamiento eficaz en las tres técnicas. En NLP es necesario usar altas energías La litiasis de AU representan un 10% del total de cálculos en España. Entre los factores etiológicosfiguran la dieta, los procesos inductores de lisis celular (ciertas neoplasias, quimioterapia) y algunos trastornos digestivos. Aunque la bilateralidad es muy frecuente es más raro encontrar coraliformes bilaterales. Presentamos un caso de litiasis renal úrica bilateral coraliforme (AU)

Renal endoscopic surgery (percutaneously or via retrograde) has become a technique of choice for kidney stones. In the more bulky (greater than 2-3 cm in diameter) is indicated percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). In smaller is indicated intrarenal retrograde surgery (RIRS), excluding those that can be treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. The ECIRS is a mixed mode. Endoscopic laser lithotripsy is an effective treatment in the three techniques. In NLP is necessary to use high energy. The uric acid stones account for 10% of all stones in Spain. Etiologic factors include diet, conditions inducing cell lysis (certain malignancies, chemotherapy) and some digestive disorders. Although it is very frequent bilaterality is rare to find bilateral staghorn. We report a case of bilateral staghorn uric kidney stones secondary to intestinal disorder treated with a combination of three pocedures (AU)

Renograma isotópico vs. Test de Whitaker en el diagnóstico de obstrucción del tramo urinario superior / Isotopic renogram vs. Whitaker test in the diagnosis of upper urinary tract obstruction

La obstrucción renal implica un cambio de patrón en la eliminación de orina. Dilatación renal no significa necesariamente obstrucción. Para evaluar el grado de obstrucción renal en un riñón dilatado se utilizan pruebas funcionales como el renograma isotópico MAG3 y el test de Whitaker. El renograma es una prueba no invasiva que evalúa con gran precisión el patrón de eliminación de un radiotrazador en orina, configurando una curva que permite un diagnóstico inteligible de la capacidad del tracto urinario superior para eliminar orina. Es una prueba que reproduce con fidelidad la formación y eliminación de orina en el riñón. Por su parte el test de Whitaker es una prueba invasiva que, mediante colocación de sonda de nefrostomía, mide la relación entre el flujo y la presión dentro del tracto urinario superior (AU)

Renal obstruction involves a change in the pattern of urination. Dilation does not necessarily mean renal obstruction. To assess the degree of renal obstruction in a dilated kidney function tests as MAG3 renogram and Whitaker test was used. Renogram is a noninvasive test with high accuracy evaluating removal pattern of radiotracer in urine, forming a curve which allows diagnosis intelligible about upper urinary tract ability to remove urine. It is a test that faithfully reproduces the formation and elimination of urine in the kidney. Meanwhile Whitaker test is a invasive test that, by nephrostomy tube placement, measures the relationship between flow and pressure within the upper urinary tract (AU)

Recomendaciones dietéticas en la litiasis de oxalato cálcico / Dietary recommendations in calcium oxalate lithiasis

La dieta puede afectar a los enfermos con litiasis oxálica, aumentando los factores de riesgo para la formación. Una vez completado el estudio metabólico se deben dar algunas normas dietéticas basadas en los datos científicos disponibles. Existen pocos trabajos que hayan analizado de forma completa el contenido de oxalatos en los alimentos de la dieta humana. Se debe insistir en la ingesta hídrica abundante, la reducción de sal y de proteínas animales, manteniendo un correcto aporte de calcio. En el presente trabajo se adjuntan algunas tablas de contenidos de oxalato en diversos alimentos. Los más ricos en oxalato (acelgas, espinacas, coliflor, té, cacao, kiwis) deben ser restringidos

Diet affect oxalic lithiasis patients, increasing the risk factors for stone formation. Upon completion of the metabolic study should give some dietary guidelines based on scientific data. Few studies have analyzed completely the oxalate content in foods of the human diet. It must be emphatized abundant fluid intake, reducing salt and animal protein, maintaining proper calcium intake. In this paper, some tables about oxalate content in various foods are attached. Most rich in oxalate (chard, spinach, cauliflower, tea, cocoa, kiwis) must be restricted

Principios físicos y aplicaciones quirúrgicas y urológicas del láser / Physical principles and surgical and urological applications of laser

El láser es una tecnología que se basa en la estimulación de fotones. Se consigue un haz de luz de gran potencia y alta precisión capaz de cortar y coagular, así como de destruir lesiones de todo tipo, incluidos los cálculos. Cada especialidad tiene sus indicaciones. En urología se utilizan para la ablación de la próstata con hiperplasia benigna (HBP) y de tumores de urotelio (superficiales) así como para destruir cálculos urinarios (litiasis). Se realiza una breve revisión de los principios del láser y su aplicación en algunas especialidades quirúrgicas (AU)

The laser is a technology based on the stimulation of photons, getting a beam of high power and high accuracy can cut and coagulate and destroy all kinds of tissues and stone. Each specialty has its indications. In urology is used to ablate benign hyperplasic prostate (BPH) and urothelial tumours (surface) as well as to destroy urinary calculi (stones). It is a brief review of the principles of the laser and its applications in some surgical specialties, particularly urology (AU)

Retención de orina en el embarazo y el postparto / Retention of urine in pregnancy and postpartum

La retención aguda de orina (RAO) durante el embarazo es un hecho poco frecuente que se observa en la práctica clínica habitual, por ello se comentan cinco casos documentados en nuestra Institución, revisando las características clínicas y actitud terapéutica empleada en cada uno de ellos, con la finalidad de establecer un protocolo de actuación frente a esta patología. Casos clínicos: Se describen cinco gestantes que presentaron retención aguda de orina en el periodo 2006-2012, cuya edad se encontraba entre los 27-38 años. En cuatro de ellos se presentó la retención de orina entre la décima tercera y décima quinta semana de gestación y en un caso la retención de orina se presentó en el puerperio. Discusión: La retención de orina en el embarazo y el puerperio se encuentra asociada a los cambios fisiopatológicos que se dan durante el mismo, siendo el útero en retroversión el factor mecánico más importante para el desarrollo de esta patología durante la gestación, mientras que en el puerperio, además de los cambios, el parto distócico parece ser el factor más importante para el desarrollo de la retención de orina. El manejo general consiste en la aplicación de maniobras descompresivas y cambios de hábito que permitan el vaciado adecuado vesical. En caso de fallar, el drenaje de orina mediante sondaje vesical intermitente o a permanencia son opciones factibles que pueden ser aplicadas conjuntamente con estudios y seguimiento urológico y ginecológico (AU)

Acute urinary retention of urine during pregnancy is a rare occurrence observed in clinical practice, discusses why five cases documented in our institution, reviewing the clinical and therapeutic approach used in each, in order to establish a protocol against this disease. Case reports: We describe five pregnant women who had acute retention of urine in the period 2006-2012, whose age was between 27-38 years old. In four of these patients developed urinary retention between the thirteenth and fifteenth week of gestation and in one case of urinary retention occurred in the postpartum period. Discussion: The retention of urine in pregnancy and the postpartum period is associated with pathophysiological changes that occur during the same, being retroverted uterus the most important mechanical factor for developing this disease during pregnancy, while the puerperium pathophysiological changes besides the dystocia seems to be the most important factor for the development of urine retention. The general operation involves the application of maneuvers allowing adequate bladder emptying. In case of failure, the urine drainage by intermittent catheterization or permanence is feasible options that can be applied in conjunction with a study and urological and gynecological follow (AU)