Assessment on CPR Knowledge and AED Availability in Saudi Malls by Security Personnel: Public Safety Perspective.

Security personnel are the first ones who attend the scene in the case of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) at malls. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is not enough for those patients; they need an automated external defibrillator (AED) to bring the heart to function normally. This study aimed to assess the current status of CPR and AED knowledge and availability in Saudi malls by security personnel. Using a descriptive design, a study was conducted at seven malls located in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Two hundred and fifty participants were surveyed using the American Heart Association (AHA) 2015 guidelines to assess CPR and AED knowledge and availability in Saudi malls. The sample mean age was 32.60 years (SD = 10.02), and 87% of participants were working as security personnel. The majority of the participants had not received training about CPR and AED (75.8% and 95.2%, respectively). Common misconceptions are fallen into all categories of CPR and AED knowledge. Correctly answered statements ranged from 7.2% in the compression rate to 24.2% in hand placement. The study results indicated a poor training knowledge of CPR and AED in public settings. Integrating high-quality CPR and AED knowledge within the school and college curricula is a vital need. However, in order to maximize the survival rate, it is important to set laws and legislation adopted by stakeholders and decision makers to advocate the people who try to help, mandate AED installation in crowded places, and mandate teaching hands-only CPR and AED together as a package.

Toxicity of Fipronil and Emamectin Benzoate and Their Mixtures Against Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) With Relation to GABA Content.

Fipronil and emamectin benzoate (EMB) are effective insecticides for controlling cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis. Fipronil works by blocking gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) gated chloride. In contrast, EMB is activating GABA transporters. The objectives of our study were to assess relative toxicity of the technical fipronil and EMB alone and in mixture against S. littoralis. In addition, the GABA content was simultaneously determined using HPLC. Technical fipronil and EMB and their mixtures were applied topically to the fourth-instar larvae, and their LD50 values were estimated after 48 h. Results demonstrated that the LD50 for EMB applied alone was 0.751 ng/larva which was much less than for fipronil 7.271 ng/larva. Each of the two insecticides alone showed a significant decrease in GABA content at LD10, LD25, and LD50 doses, while their mixtures induced GABA levels. The highest potentiation was observed when both insecticides were in a mixture at the ratio of LD10:LD10 which was associated with higher increase in GABA levels. Moreover, the weight of the alive larvae was less than that was in the untreated control. However, all mixtures exhibited potentiation effect, except for the mixture of fipronil at LD50 with EMB at LD10, LD25, and LD50 that had antagonistic effect correlated with the lowest decrease in GABA level. Results suggested that lower doses of both insecticides in a binary mixture had potentiation effect against S. littoralis. This mixture could be used in combination as field application for successful and effective control of S. littoralis and would also help in managing insecticide resistance.

Impact of terlipressin infusion during and after live donor liver transplantation on incidence of acute kidney injury and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin serum levels: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Acute kidney injury (AKI) with liver transplantation (LT) is not uncommon. Impact of terlipressin infusion on AKI, hemodynamics, and plasma concentration of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) was studied. METHODS: Patients (n=50) were randomized (NCT02059460, USA) into two equal groups: terlipressin vs Controls. Terlipressin (1-4 µg/kg/h) was administrated for 5 days. Intraoperative transesophageal Doppler for hemodynamic management. Renal functions, peak portal vein blood flow velocity (PPV), and hepatic artery resistive index (HARI) were recorded. Plasma NGAL (pNGAL) was measured baseline, 2 and 24 hours postreperfusion. RESULTS: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) was the main etiology. Age, sex, model of end-stage liver disease (MELD), and renal functions were comparable. Postoperative AKI incidence and NGAL concentrations were comparable (P>.05) between terlipressin and controls groups (44% vs 48% and 112.5±9 vs 93.1±8 ng/mL), respectively, but intraoperative NGAL in both groups increased significantly 2 hours postreperfusion (P<.05). The three NGAL readings were comparable (P>.05) between AKI (n=23) and non-AKI developers (n=27). Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was maintained in both groups with less systemic vascular resistance (SVR) fluctuations with terlipressin. Median norepinephrine consumption was lower in terlipressin vs controls (8 vs 12 mg; P=.04). The PPV and HARI were not affected by terlipressin at any stage (P>.05). CONCLUSION: Postliver transplant AKI was not prevented by terlipressin use nor predicted by NGAL levels.

A new one-pot synthesis of novel hetarylazo-heterocyclic colorants and study of their solvatochromic properties.

A simple synthetic strategy for synthesis of new series of hetarylazo-heterocycles is described. The effects of solvent on their electronic absorption spectra were analyzed using Kamlet-Taft equation. The results of fitting coefficients indicated that the solvatochromism of the studied compounds is mainly due to the solvent polarity rather than the solvent basicity and acidity.

Abdominal electromyography may predict the response to tocolysis in preterm labor.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether abdominal electromyography can predict the response to tocolysis in pregnant women in preterm labor. STUDY DESIGN: This study was carried out at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Menofyia University Hospital in Egypt. Fifty pregnant women in preterm labor who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Baseline abdominal electromyography was performed. Tocolysis in the form of hexoprenaline sulphate infusion was started for all women and electromyography was repeated after 24h in responders but only after 6h in non responders. The receiver operating characteristics curve was drawn to calculate specificity of the electromyography at 100% sensitivity. Results were tabulated and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Forty women responded to tocolysis by delaying delivery for more than 48 h. There was a significant reduction in the frequency of uterine contractions after tocolysis (3.76 ± 0.92 versus 2.32 ± 2.05 contractions per 10 min; P<0.001). Similar significant reductions affected the duration and amplitude of uterine action potentials (25.08 ± 9.74 versus 14.4 ± 17.16s; P<0.001, 40.8 ± 25.89 versus 28.32 ± 29.38 mV; P<0.001). At a sensitivity of 100% and using ROC curve, abdominal electromyography of amplitude of 82 mV lasting for 30s or more had a specificity of 90%, positive and negative predictive values of 67% and 95%, and a diagnostic accuracy of 88% in predicting preterm labor. CONCLUSION: Abdominal electromyography may predict the response to tocolysis in preterm labor.