RESUMO
The objective of this study was to compare the performance of the NucliSENS EasyQ HIV-1 v1.2 platform (bioMérieux, France) to the Amplicor HIV-1 DNA test v1.5 (Roche Molecular Systems, Switzerland) in detecting HIV-1 infection in infants using venipuncture-derived whole blood in tubes and dried blood spots. A total of 149 dried blood spots and 43 EDTA-anticoagulated peripheral blood samples were collected throughout Dakar and other areas in Senegal from infants and children aged 3 weeks to 24 months who were born to HIV-1-infected mothers. Samples were tested using the NucliSENS and Amplicor technologies. The NucliSENS and Amplicor results were 100% concordant using either EDTA-anticoagulated peripheral blood or dried blood spots. Compared to Amplicor, the sensitivity and specificity of the NucliSENS test were 100%. The NucliSENS EasyQ HIV-1 RNA assay performed as well as the Amplicor HIV-1 DNA test in detecting HIV-1 infection in infants. In addition, this platform can give an indication of the viral load baseline. The NucliSENS EasyQ platform is a good alternative for early infant diagnosis of HIV-1 infection.
Assuntos
DNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , HIV-1/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , RNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Kit de Reagentes para Diagnóstico , Virologia/métodos , DNA Viral/sangue , DNA Viral/genética , Dessecação , Diagnóstico Precoce , HIV-1/genética , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , RNA Viral/sangue , RNA Viral/genética , Senegal , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Manejo de Espécimes/métodosRESUMO
The use of ritonavir as a protease inhibitor boost is rare in sub-Saharan Africa because a heat-stable formula is not available. We report the results of an open-label pilot trial with unboosted atazanavir in combination with lamivudine and didanosine as first-line therapy conducted in Senegal. Treatment-naive HIV-1 infected adult patients without active opportunistic disease were included. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with plasma HIV-1 RNA <400 copies/ml at week 48. Forty patients (12 men and 28 women; mean age +/- SD: 40 +/- 9 years) were included. Treatment was changed during the study for two patients (pregnancy, tuberculosis); one patient was lost to follow-up and one patient died (gastroenteritis with cachexia). At week 48, 78% [95% confidence interval (CI): 65-90%] and 68% (95% CI: 53-82%) of the patients had HIV-1 RNA <400 and <50 copies/ml, respectively (intent-to-treat analysis; not completer = failure). Among the seven patients with HIV-1 RNA >or=400 copies/ml at week 48, five were not compliant; genotyping analysis (n = 4) did not reveal a major mutation for protease inhibitors. The mean CD4 cell count change from baseline to week 48 was +238 +/- 79 cells/mm(3). The combination of unboosted atazanavir with lamivudine and didanosine was efficient and well tolerated in HIV-1-infected patients with results similar to those observed in Northern countries. These results suggest that unboosted atazanavir with its high genetic barrier could be a valuable alternative to NNRTIs in resource-limited countries in some HIV-1-infected patients in case of compliance issues with NNRTIs, intolerance to NNRTIs, resistance mutations to NNRTIs, in women with childbearing potential, or as a maintenance therapy in patients with virological suppression.
Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV , Didanosina , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Lamivudina , Oligopeptídeos , Piridinas , Adulto , Fármacos Anti-HIV/administração & dosagem , Fármacos Anti-HIV/efeitos adversos , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Sulfato de Atazanavir , Didanosina/administração & dosagem , Didanosina/efeitos adversos , Didanosina/uso terapêutico , Esquema de Medicação , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1/efeitos dos fármacos , HIV-1/fisiologia , Humanos , Lamivudina/administração & dosagem , Lamivudina/efeitos adversos , Lamivudina/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oligopeptídeos/administração & dosagem , Oligopeptídeos/efeitos adversos , Oligopeptídeos/uso terapêutico , Projetos Piloto , Piridinas/administração & dosagem , Piridinas/efeitos adversos , Piridinas/uso terapêutico , RNA Viral/sangue , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/administração & dosagem , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/efeitos adversos , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/uso terapêutico , Senegal , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The objective of this article is to report seroprevalences on HIV and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) in female sex workers (FSW) and in two sentinel populations of pregnant women living in Senegal. Serosurveys of HIV and HSV-2 were conducted in two unselected sentinel populations from Dakar, Senegal, and its provinces, including in 2003 only pregnant women and 2006 pregnant women and FSW. The population study involved 888 pregnant women and 604 FSW. In pregnant women, HIV and HSV-2 seroprevalences were, respectively, 1.01% and 15.65%. There was no association between HSV-2 and HIV infection, whatever the age. In contrast, the seroprevalence of HIV infection in the group of FSW was high, reaching 22.9% in women over 30 years old. FSW above 20 years of age harboured much higher HSV-2 seroprevalences that those found in pregnant women of similar age groups. In FSW, strong associations between HSV-2 and age, and among HSV-2 and HIV-1 as well HIV-2, were evidenced. In conclusion, HIV epidemic remains concentrated in high-risk groups of the Senegalese population, such as the FSW population in which the seroprevalence of HSV-2 infection is very high. Intervention against STI including HSV-2 is urgently needed to prevent the spreading of HIV epidemic.
