RESUMO
Bioactive compounds entrapped in plant materials can be effectively recovered using fungal enzymes. Cinnamomum zeylanicum Sri Wijaya (SW) and Sri Gemunu (SG) accessions and commercially available C. zeylanicum (CC) were subjected to fungal pretreatment and extracted with pressured water (PWE, 0·098 MPa). Thirteen fungal species were isolated and the substrate utilization ability of the species was tested using cellulose, pectin and lignin (indirectly). Total phenolic content (TPC, Folin-Ciocalteu method), proanthocyanidin content (PC, vanillin method) and α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of the extracts were evaluated. The anti-diabetic drug, Acarbose was used as the positive control. Trichoderma harzianum (MH298760) showed the highest cell lysis ability and hence was used for the microbial pretreatment process. Extracts of SW treated with T. harzianum species (Pre-SW) gave the highest percentage yield (4·08% ± 0·15%), significantly potent inhibition (P < 0·05) of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities (IC50 57 ± 8 and 36 ± 8 µg ml-1 respectively), TPC (2·24 ± 0·02 mg gallic acid equivalent g-1 ), and PC (48·2 ± 0·4 mg of catechin equivalent g-1 ) compared to Pre-SG, Pre-CC and nontreated samples. Trichoderma harzianum treatment can enhance the hypoglycaemic properties, PC and TPC of Cinnamon extracts and provide new insights into the recovery of phytochemicals.
Assuntos
Cinnamomum zeylanicum/química , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/farmacologia , Hypocreales/metabolismo , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , alfa-Amilases/antagonistas & inibidores , alfa-Glucosidases/metabolismo , Cinnamomum zeylanicum/microbiologia , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/química , Hipoglicemiantes/química , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Fenóis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaAssuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/efeitos adversos , Antirreumáticos/efeitos adversos , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Vasculite Leucocitoclástica Cutânea/induzido quimicamente , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Antirreumáticos/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Seguimentos , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Infliximab , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prednisona/uso terapêutico , Vasculite Leucocitoclástica Cutânea/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Rheumatologists, with their musculoskeletal background, often care for athletes. The effect of a positive anti-doping test, whether through illegitimate use or accidental prescribing of banned drugs, is devastating to an athlete's career. It is therefore incumbent upon rheumatologists to be aware of issues relating to drugs in sport. This involves both therapeutic drugs and doping. It is vital to ensure that any substance prescribed should be approved for use and should not adversely affect (or benefit) the athlete's performance. In March 2004, 5 months prior to the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, the joint World Anti-Doping Agency/International Olympic Committee published the revised list of banned substances in athletes. This article aims to provide an overview of the current status of medications commonly prescribed in rheumatological practice.
Assuntos
Antirreumáticos/administração & dosagem , Dopagem Esportivo/legislação & jurisprudência , Dopagem Esportivo/prevenção & controle , Prescrições de Medicamentos , Controle de Medicamentos e Entorpecentes , Humanos , Cooperação Internacional , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Detecção do Abuso de Substâncias/métodosAssuntos
Abscesso/diagnóstico por imagem , Dor nas Costas/etiologia , Doenças da Coluna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Infecções Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Abscesso/tratamento farmacológico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Dor nas Costas/diagnóstico por imagem , Dor nas Costas/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cintilografia , Doenças da Coluna Vertebral/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/complicaçõesRESUMO
PURPOSE: Weight lifting is now a standard part of training in most sports. An increasing number of amateur athletes are doing strength training, mostly in unsupervised situations. A series of injuries in amateur weight lifters was analyzed by bone scintigraphy, with the aim of depicting specific patterns that would accurately identify the primary lesions. METHODS: Twelve patients (10 men and 2 women) were studied whose ages ranged from 18 to 35 years. Patients were referred for bone scintigraphy with clinical diagnoses based on history, physical examination, and appropriate radiologic investigations. Diagnoses were confirmed by surgery, arthroscopy, arthrography, local steroid injection, and outcome. RESULTS: Most of the injuries were in athletes undertaking free-weight training. Most injuries were in the upper limbs, particularly around the shoulder. Scintigraphic patterns of supraspinatus and bicipital tendons and also rotator cuff lesions were identified. Clavicular osteolysis, avulsion injuries, muscle damage, and vertebral lesions were also noted. Several abnormalities revealed by scintigraphy were clinically unsuspected. CONCLUSIONS: Scintigraphic manifestations of several injuries, particularly around the shoulder, have a specific pattern. Recognition of these patterns can enhance the performance of bone scintigraphy. Scintigraphy also has the potential to detect clinically unsuspected disease.
Assuntos
Doenças Ósseas/diagnóstico por imagem , Artropatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Levantamento de Peso/lesões , Articulação Acromioclavicular/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulação Acromioclavicular/lesões , Adolescente , Adulto , Artrografia , Artroscopia , Clavícula/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Fraturas de Estresse/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Luxações Articulares/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/diagnóstico por imagem , Músculo Esquelético/lesões , Osteólise/diagnóstico por imagem , Cintilografia , Manguito Rotador/diagnóstico por imagem , Lesões do Manguito Rotador , Lesões do Ombro , Articulação do Ombro/diagnóstico por imagem , Espondilólise/diagnóstico por imagem , Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Tendinopatia/diagnóstico por imagem , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Using any imaging modality, the elbow is a complex joint to evaluate. The use of scintigraphy in the evaluation of the effects of acute or chronic trauma has largely been confined to epicondylitis. We developed a skyline view of the elbow that minimized the effect of overlap and assessed its incremental value in the scintigraphic assessment of several pathological conditions. Thirty-four abnormalities were evaluated in 20 patients with a range of pathologies, including epicondylitis, ligamentous avulsion injury, articular injury, fractures and synovitis. The incremental value of addition of the skyline view to the standard views was assessed in addition to the overall accuracy of scintigraphy. Overall, scintigraphy detected 27 of 34 abnormalities, with the standard views of the elbow accurately identifying 15 and the skyline view 23 abnormalities. This gave the skyline view an incremental value of 24% over the standard views. In conclusion, scintigraphy has the potential to identify a greater range of pathologies in the elbow than previously reported, due to the addition of the skyline view to the standard views.
Assuntos
Cotovelo/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Traumatismos em Atletas/diagnóstico por imagem , Criança , Doença Crônica , Articulação do Cotovelo/diagnóstico por imagem , Epífises/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cintilografia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Lesões no CotoveloRESUMO
A 56 year old male presented after 2 months of muscle stiffness, pain and palpable lumps. Biopsy confirmed the presence of myositis. Myasthenia gravis and peripheral neuropathy became clinically apparent within days of commencing corticosteroid therapy. 4 months later, at operation, a locally invasive thymoma was found. This combination of features has not previously been described.