Comparison of types 2 and 3 quadratus lumborum muscle blocks : Open inguinal hernia surgery in patients with spinal anesthesia.

OBJECTIVE: The efficacy of quadratus lumborum muscle block (QLB) in abdominal surgery is known; however, the efficacy of different QLB types is unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of ultrasound-guided QLB type 2 and type 3 on postoperative opioid consumption and pain scores in patients undergoing inguinal hernia surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study 60 patients undergoing open inguinal hernia surgery were randomly assigned to 3 groups. Group QLB2 received ultrasound-guided QLB type 2 and group QLB3 received ultrasound-guided QLB type 3 with 0.25% 20 mL bupivacaine. In the control group (group C) no intervention was performed. Postoperative analgesia was performed intravenously with 1000 mg paracetamol every 6 h and patient-controlled analgesia with fentanyl. Postoperative visual analog scale scores (VAS), opioid consumption, and first analgesic requirement time were evaluated. RESULTS: Fentanyl consumption was significantly higher in group C compared to the other groups at all time intervals (p < 0.05). Fentanyl consumption was significantly higher in group QLB2 compared to QLB3 at the 4-8 h, 8-24 h, and total 24 h. Passive VAS 4h and 8 h, active VAS 4h, 8h, and 12 h were significantly lower in group QLB3 compared to QLB2 (p < 0.05). The first analgesic time was significantly later in group QLB2 compared to group C (280.52 ± 89.20 min and 183.75 ± 42.79 min, respectively) and even later in group QLB3 compared to the other two groups (463.42 ± 142.43 min, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The use of QLB2 and QLB3 decreased postoperative opioid consumption and pain scores in patients undergoing inguinal hernia surgery. Furthermore, QLB3 provided more effective and longer lasting postoperative analgesia and lower opioid consumption compared to QLB2.

Assessment of Effect of Intraperitoneal Tacrolimus on Liver Regeneration in Major (70%) Hepatectomy Model After Experimental Pringle Maneuver in Rats.

AIM: Small-for-size grafts have become more important, especially in living donor liver transplants. The Pringle maneuver, used to reduce blood loss, and the immunosuppressive medications used to prevent graft rejection in liver transplants have different side effects on liver regeneration. We researched the effect of situations where tacrolimus and the Pringle maneuver were applied or not on liver regeneration in rats with partial hepatectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was completed with 35 Wistar Albino rats. The subjects were randomly divided into 5 groups: Group 1 had the abdomen opened and no other procedure was performed; Group 2 underwent a 70% hepatectomy; Group 3 underwent a 15-minute Pringle maneuver + 70% hepatectomy; Group 4 underwent a 70% hepatectomy + 5 days of 1 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal tacrolimus; and Group 5 underwent a 150 minute Pringle maneuver + 0% hepatectomy + 5 days of 1 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal tacrolimus. All rats were sacrificed on the seventh postoperative day, remaining liver tissue was weighed, and weight indices created. The remaining liver tissue was stained with phosphohistone H3 and the mitotic index calculated. RESULTS: The groups that underwent the Pringle maneuver, 70% hepatectomy, and tacrolimus administration were compared with the control group in terms of mitotic index and weight index, but no statistically significant differences were identified. CONCLUSION: Suppression of regeneration forms a risk after liver transplantation with small-volume grafts. As a result, research on the effect of tacrolimus combined with the Pringle maneuver is important, especially for transplantations using segmented liver grafts. In our study, we showed that the use of tacrolimus had no negative effect on liver regeneration.

Surgical management of anorectal foreign bodies.

PURPOSE: Anorectal foreign bodies (AFBs) inserted into anus constitute one of the most important problems needing surgical emergency due to its complications. We describe our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of AFBs retained in the rectosigmoid colon. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between the years 2006 and 2015, a total of 11 patients diagnosed with AFBs were admitted to an emergency room and general surgery clinics. They were diagnosed and treated in four different hospitals in four different cities in Turkey. Information on the AFBs, clinical presentation, treatment strategies, and outcomes were documented. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of these unusual patients. RESULTS: Eleven patients were involved in this study. All patients were male with their mean age was 49.81 (range, 23-71) years. The time of the presentation to the removal of the foreign bodies ranged between 2 h and 96 h with a mean of 19.72 h. Ten patients inserted AFBs in the anus with the purpose of eroticism but one patient's reason to relieve constipation. The objects were one body spray can, two bottles, three dildos, two sticks, one water hose, one corncob, and one pointed squash. Three objects were removed transanally after anal dilatation under general anesthesia. Eight of the patients required laparotomy (milking, primary suture, and colostomy). Five of the patients had perforation of the rectosigmoid colon. Abdominal abscess complicated extraction in one patient after the postoperative period. The hospitalization time of the patients was 6.18 (1-16) days. None of the patients died. CONCLUSIONS: A careful assessment is a key point for the correct diagnosis and treatment of AFBs. Clinical conditions of patients and type of AFBs are important in the choice of treatment strategy. If the AFBs are large, proximally migrated or the patients with an AFB have acute abdomen due to perforation, pelvic abscess, obstruction, or bleeding, surgery is needed as soon as possible. There are different types of surgical approaches such as less invasive transanal extraction under anesthesia and more invasive abdominal routes such as laparotomy or laparoscopy. The stoma can be done if there is colonic perforation. In the management of AFBs, the priority must be less invasive methods as possible.

Complications in Donors Using Right Liver Graft: Analysis of 280 Consecutive Cases.

INTRODUCTION: Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is performed with increasing frequency worldwide due to the shortage of donated organs. It is a life-saving procedure for the recipient, but, on the other hand, a major surgical procedure for healthy donors and it may cause morbidity and even mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This research was completed at Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine Hospital General Surgery Department Liver Transplant Unit and included 280 cases (4 with simultaneous liver and kidney transplants from living donors) who underwent donor right hepatectomy for LDLT from June 2000 to June 2016. We analyzed the data of patients retrospectively. RESULTS: Of 280 donor right hepatectomies for LDLT, 181 were male (M; 64.6%) and 99 were female (F; 35.4%) (M/F: 1.82). Mean donor age was 31.2 ± 0.9 years (range, 18-56). Mean donor monitoring duration was 45 ± 2.4 months (range, 3-192 months). Mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.28 ± 2.96 kg/m2 (range, 18.1-32.42 kg/m2). In our study 72 cases (25.7%) developed postoperative complications. There were 17 Clavien grade 3A, 1 grade 3B, and 5 grade 4A complications and also 1 death due to pulmonary embolism. CONCLUSION: Together with the increase in living donor surgery, the morbidity and mortality of these cases are becoming controversial. Full donor safety is only possible with appropriate donor choice requiring very detailed studies, a problem-free hepatectomy process, and close postoperative donor monitoring.

Influence of trace impurities on the in vitro and in vivo degradation of biodegradable Mg-5Zn-0.3Ca alloys.

The hydrogen evolution method and animal experiments were deployed to investigate the effect of trace impurity elements on the degradation behavior of high-strength Mg alloys of type ZX50 (Mg-5Zn-0.3Ca). It is shown that trace impurity elements increase the degradation rate, predominantly in the initial period of the tests, and also increase the material's susceptibility to localized corrosion attack. These effects are explained on the basis of the corrosion potential of the intermetallic phases present in the alloys. The Zn-rich phases present in ZX50 are nobler than the Mg matrix, and thus act as cathodic sites. The impurity elements Fe and Mn in the alloy of conventional purity are incorporated in these Zn-rich intermetallic phases and therefore increase their cathodic efficiency. A design rule for circumventing the formation of noble intermetallic particles and thus avoiding galvanically accelerated dissolution of the Mg matrix is proposed.

Is attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder a risk factor for sustaining fractures of proximal humerus?

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To evaluate whether or not children with displaced proximal humerus fractures are more likely to have attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). PATIENTS AND METHOD: Between January 2010 and February 2013, we retrospectively evaluated 42 children with proximal humerus fractures. Requirements for inclusion were an open epiphyseal plate and a non-pathological fracture of the proximal humerus. Fractures were classified according to Salter-Harris, Neer and Horwitz. Following orthopaedic examination, all of the children were consulted to child psychiatry department of our hospital. Orthopaedic examination included a detailed physical examination; the assessment of the overall shoulder functions using the Constant score. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Text Revisions (DSM-IV-TR) were used for psychiatric examination. RESULTS: 9 of the 42 children with proximal humerus fractures consulted to child psychiatry were put ADHD diagnoses (21 %). Of the remaining 33 children without ADHD diagnosis, 5 children were operated; percentage of surgery was 15%. We found statistically significant difference between the rates of ADHD diagnosed children with proximal humerus fractures and ADHD diagnoses in normal population (p<0.01). There was also statistically significant difference between operation rates of children with or without ADHD diagnosis (55 % vs. 15 %) (p<0,01). CONCLUSIONS: ADHD can be accepted as a risk factor for sustaining high energy trauma and rate of ADHD children who were operated was significantly more than normal children. This might be due to more displaced, open fractures or polytrauma - higher energy trauma- they sustained. Deciding on the treatment method, surgery may be treatment of choice in certain children with severely displaced, irreducable, fractures or polytrauma with accompanying ADHD due to the potential difficulties during follow up period.