[Effect of the herbicide Herbazin-50 (simazine) on the wound process in animals]. / Vliianie na kherbitsida kherbazin-50 (simazin) vurkhu raneviia protses pri zhivotnite.

Herbazin 50 was used as an experimental model to record species differences in the process of wound healing in horses, cattle, and sheep. It was established that the local and oral application of this herbicide inhibited wound healing, and this effect was more strongly manifested in the phase of hydratation. There were clearly expressed species-associated variations: in horses the elimination of the irritant was achieved through a severe inflammation response of a purulent character, while in cattle the rapid response of the connective tissue was leading, with concurrent premature maturation. Changes set in under the effect of the herbicide, consisting in the alkalinization of the wound exudate, which led to changes in the wound microflora.

[Effect of herbazin 50 on the course of suppurative surgical infection in sheep]. / Vliianie na kherbazin 50 vurkhu protichaneto na gnoina khirurgicheska infektsiia pri ovtsete.

Twelve sheep, divided into two groups of 6 animals each, were used. The first (test) group was offered herbazin -50 with the feed in the course of 90 days after which the animals were infected via the joints with Corynebacterium pyogenes. The second (control) group was also infected with the same pathogen in the same way. During the time the preparation was given and 30 days post infection the animals were kept under observation, following up their clinical, condition, and the occasional morphological and biochemical changes taking place in the blood and the immunobiologic responsiveness. It was found that sheep treated with herbazin -50 with a following infection with Corynebacterium pyogenes raised their blood levels of sugar, total protein, potassium, sodium, magnesium, SGOT, SGPT, and manifested an increased ESR, and lower calcium, inorganic phosphorus, carotene, vitamin A, and cholesterine serum level. It was also established that surgical infections brought about through such introduction of C. pyogenes developed much more rapidly and ran a much more severe course in sheep after the preliminary treatment with herbazin -50. It is believed that they emerged after suppressing the immunologic responsiveness with the use of the preparation.

[Experimental mastitis in cows caused by Staphylococci, Streptococci and Corynebacteria]. / Eksperimentalni mastiti na kravi, predizvikani ot stafilokoki, streptokoki in korinebakterii.

Mastitis was experimentally induced in seven cows of the Black-and-white breed through the intramammary or i/v application of bacterial cultures of the encapsulated variant of Staph. epidermidis as well as of Str. agalactiae and Cor. pyogenes. The disease ran a course with high body temperature, strongly manifested inflammatory changes in the mammary gland, and altered phagocytic activity. It was found that the introduction into the mammary gland of a 'stable-specific' bovine blood serum in combination with the preparation nitrofuridine (a Shiff base of the 5-nitrofurfurol with sulfaguanidine) which boosts the phagocytic activity, had produced a therapeutic effect.

[Effect of heavy metals and pesticides on the antigenic behavior of mastitis staphylococci isolated from cows and sheep]. / Vliianie na niakoi tezhki metali i pestitsidi vurkhu antigennite otnasianiia na nastitnite stafilokoki, izolirani ot kravi i ovtse.

Evaluated was the effect produced by some heavy metals and pesticides on the antigenic behaviour of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from cows and sheep with mastitis. The experiments were carried out with 9 strains, their antigenic structure being determined with the use of 16 factor sera prior to and after being gradually acted upon with lead acetate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, cadmium, and herbazin-50. It was found that under the effect of these chemical factors the capsule-resembling layer grew. In connection with this the staphylococci grew within the nutrient media, forming mucoid colonies. The serologic analysis revealed lower agglutinin ability due to the release of deeply set antigens. The growth of the capsular layer was associated with the increase in the virulence of staphylococci, which was established in the conditions of the practice on a dairy farm adjacent to a Copper producing Works.

[Coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from the milk of cows with subclinical mastitis]. / Prouchvaniia vurkhu koagulazonegativni stafilokoki, izolirani ot mliako na kravi sus subklinichen mastiti.

Studied were a total of 450 strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci, 60.2 per cent of which were sensitive to novobiocin, and 37.1 per cent were producing delta toxin, 35.2 per cent were yielding lysosime, and 27.8 per cent - fibrinolysin. As compared to staphylococci isolated from normal cows they showed higher protease, DN-ase, and lecitinase activity. A scheme is suggested for the differentiation of the coagulase-negative mastitis staphylococci, of primary importance being the evaluation of their virulence to chick embryos or cell cultures.

[Chronic progressive interstitial pneumonia in sheep (adenovirus pneumonia)]. / Khronichna interstitsialna progresivna pnevmoniia po ovtsete (adenovirusna pnevmoniia).

Adenoviral infection was established in imported specialized meat strains of sheep Ile de France and Romni marsh. The disease followed a course typical of chronic interstitial progressive pneumonia with reduced tonus, loss of body weight, and high lethality. The disease was serologically proven by the discovery of specific complement binding antibodies in dynamics against the adenovirus. Titers varied from 1 : 2 to 1 : 32. The infestation was reproduced on sheep and lambs by tracheal infection with ultrafiltrate of changed lung tissue and bronchial lymph nodes. Morphologically the infection manifests itself by considerable hypeplastic processes in the lungs and less pronounced ones in the liver and kidneys. The typical changes indicated are accumulation of lymphoid cells and histocytes in the interstitial tissue, as well as adenomatous expansion of alveolar and bronchial epithelium. Considerable cell polymorphism is observed in the alveoles along with presence of gigantic cells and cell syncytia of desquamous epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages and intranuclear inclusions in some of these cells. Complications of Past. Haemolytica with developing catharalsuppurative pneumonia were observed in some cases.

[Fibrous suppurative arthritis in sheep]. / Fibrozno-gnoini artriti po ovtsete.

Described are cases of fibrinous supprative arthritis in sheep characterized by thickenning of the joint, resulting from the involvement of the capsule (periarthritis). Histopathologically, there have been suppurative and necrotic processes combined with fibrinoid necrotizing of the collagen fibers and leukocyte infiltration of the joint capsule. Slight leukocyte infiltration has also been said to occur in the parenchymal organs. Microbiologic studies have revealed the presence of pyogenous bacteria (Corynebacterium pyogenes, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pasteurella multocida).

[Enterotoxic form of colibacteriosis in calves]. / Vurkhu enterotoksichnata forma na kolibakterioza po teletata.

The enterotoxemic from of calf colibacteriosis was observed on a total of 18 occasions in newborn animals. Clinically, the disease was manifested with diarrhea, depression of the eyes, fast dehydration, the calves tending to go down and lie for a prolonged periods, with high death rates. Some of the diseased calves showed nervous symptoms. Escherichia coli 0126 was isolated from the intestinal content and the mesenterial lymph of the affected calves. It proved virulent for albino mice. Morphologically, there were strongly expressed circulatory disturbances--hyperemia, perivascular edemas, hemorrhages (Fig. 1 and 2) thrombi (Fig. 3 and 5), with a vacuolar and parenchymal dystrophia of the liver, kidneys, and heart.